scholarly journals Aqua medicines, drugs and chemicals (AMDC) used in freshwater aquaculture of South-Eastern Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Amir Hossain ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Abdulla Al Asif ◽  
Hafzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Predator Removal ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Broad Variety

A broad variety of aquaculture-related medications, drugs, and chemicals (AMDC) are extensively used in the aquaculture industry in South-Eastern Bangladesh. Fish farmers are worried about the quality of their final product, and disease outbreaks must be stopped at all costs. Farmers are sometimes one ahead of the curve when it comes to producing healthy final products by including probiotics, vitamins, and minerals into their aquaculture setups to promote early and disease-free output. However, the current study was carried out in south eastern Bangladesh, specifically in the highly dense aquaculture regions of Chandpur, Cumilla, and Feni district (17 upazilas), from November 2016 to January 2018. Questions were asked through interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held to gather primary data. The major target groups were aquaculture farmers, AMDC shops, pharmaceutical company employees, and hatchery owners. In this three-county area, according to the findings from the thorough research, there are a total of 33 companies that advertise 330 generics brand products via their own distributional channels. Among the available AMDC products in the study area, growth promoters were mostly abundant products among all categories while other products such as predator removal products, insecticides and ectoparasiticides, water quality and pond management, plankton producer, plankton bloom cleaner, disinfectant and disease treatment, toxic gas reducer, pH controller, oxygen supply, stress reducer, growth promoter, probiotics and antibiotics were most selling products to the farmers. The present study revealed 19 generic of antibiotics were available and prescribed by the AMDC vendors or aquaculture disease consultants (ADC) around the regions. Additionally, the research also included the dosages of AMDC and the method of administration in the aquaculture pond, which will assist both the farmers and the ADC in selecting and suggesting the appropriate medications or treatments that may be beneficial to the farmers in the long run. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (2), 103-127

scholarly journals Ecotourism in Annapurna Conservation Area: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Bishow Poudel ◽  
Rajeev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Annapurna Conservation Area ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Ecological Tourism

Ecotourism as a component of the sustainable green economy is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry, because of its superiority compared to other types of tourism in terms of the responsibility towards people, nature and environment. In the long run, people can also be benefitted from ecotourism. This research explores the fundamental potential, challenges and opportunities of developing ecotourism in Ghorepani village of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first and largest mountainous protected area in Nepal. Primary data were collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. The Ghorepani village of ACA attracts many tourists because of its beautiful natural landscape, biodiversity richness, snow-capped mountains, sunrise from Poon hills and different Rhododendron forests. Overall, the key finding of this article outlines the current status, potentials, strengths, weakness, opportunities and challenges in ecological tourism development. On that basis, Ghorepani village of ACA needs to be improved with multiple outreach activities, especially to resource-dependent households.

scholarly journals Peranan social capital dalam memelihara keberlanjutan agribisnis jagung

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jajat Sudrajat ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
Subejo Subejo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social

Study the role of social capital on nurturing of agribusiness sustainability is still limited. Whereas, the indepth understanding toward the role of social capital in facilitating cooperation on relationships among institutions (actors) of agribusiness is very important and strategic for planning of agricultural development. This study is aimed to describe the role of social capital in facilitating cooperation on relationships among marketing institutions of corn in Tujuh Belas sub district, Bengkayang regency. The primary data were collected by observation, focus group discussion, and indepth interview to farmers and traders. The result of this study shows that the implementation of social capital element in farming activities or agribusiness in this location, generally based on effort of resources exchange among actors. On the relationships among the farmers, social capital is implemented by exchange of household labor (strict and sort term reciprocity). Meanwhile, in relationships between farmer and village trader and also between village trader and wholesaler, the social capital is implemented by exchange of economic resources. The exchange of resources is frequent implemented by trial risk, risk sharing, and applying flexibility in any type of transaction (non strict reciprocity in the sort term). This resources’s exchange is understood as effort to nurture agribusiness sustainability in the long run.

scholarly journals Performance of some growth promoters on hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Md Sirazul Islam ◽  
M Mamnur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Pronab Naha ◽  
Md Rokanuddula
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoters

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of three most commonly used growth promoters from different pharmaceutical companies on growth performance of hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus). The experiment was done in the wet laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh, with a total of 10 aquaria and 160 fish having mean initial weight of 6.3 ± 0.48 g. The three growth promoters, “Charger gel” from Fishtech (BD) Ltd., “Growth gel” from Advance Agrotech (BD) Ltd. and “Hepaprotect-aqua” from Renata Animal health Ltd., were used in separate nine (9) aquaria at recommended, lower dose and higher dose respectively. One aquarium was used as control (diet without any growth promoter). The fish were fed with paragon nursery floating feed at 20% of body weight in each aquarium for 28 days. Doses of Charger gel were given as 80, 60 and 100 mg/20 g feed/day, that of Growth gel, 0.14, 0.12 and 0.16 ml/20 g feed/day and of Hepaprotect-aqua, 30, 15 and 50 mg/20 g feed/day. Re-circulatory system was used throughout the experimental period. By applying recommended, lower and higher dose of “Charger gel”, mean final weights were found as 23.0, 21.9 and 35.9 g; average daily weight gain as 0.60, 0.56 and 1.06 g and specific growth rate (SGR) as 2.01, 1.93 and 2.70% respectively. For “Growth gel”, mean final weights were found as 22.8, 17.3 and 31.1 g; average daily weight gain as 0.59, 0.39 and 0.88 g and SGR as 1.99, 1.57 and 2.48 % respectively. For “Hepaprotect-aqua”, mean final weights were found as 24.2, 17.5 and 28.2 g; average daily weight gain as 0.64, 0.40 and 0.78 g and SGR as 2.09, 1.58 and 2.32% respectively. In all the cases survival rates were 100%. All the three growth promoters showed better results at their higher doses in comparison to their results in lower and recommended doses. However, in average Charger gel showed the best result than the other two growth promoters. This information on the efficacy study of growth promoters needs to be disseminated to the farmers for improved fish production.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 103-108

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Proactive, Resilient Multi-Microgrid Scheduling: A Systematic Literature Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4543
Author(s):  
Michael Spiegel ◽  
Eric Veith ◽  
Thomas Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Broad Variety

Multi-microgrids address the need for a resilient, sustainable, and cost-effective electricity supply by providing a coordinated operation of individual networks. Due to local generation, dynamic network topologies, and islanding capabilities of hosted microgrids or groups thereof, various new fault mitigation and optimization options emerge. However, with the great flexibility, new challenges such as complex failure modes that need to be considered for a resilient operation, appear. This work systematically reviews scheduling approaches which significantly influence the feasibility of mitigation options before a failure is encountered. An in-depth analysis of identified key contributions covers aspects such as the mathematical apparatus, failure models and validation to highlight the current methodical spectrum and to identify future perspectives. Despite the common optimization-based framework, a broad variety of scheduling approaches is revealed. However, none of the key contributions provides practical insights beyond lab validation and considerable effort is required until the approaches can show their full potential in practical implementations. It is expected that the great level of detail guides further research in improving and validating existing scheduling concepts as well as it, in the long run, aids engineers to choose the most suitable options regarding increasingly resilient power systems.

scholarly journals Organ Growth and Intestinal Functions of Preterm Pigs Fed Low and High Protein Formulas With or Without Supplemental Leucine or Hydroxymethylbutyrate as Growth Promoters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal K. Buddington ◽  
Taisiya Yakimkova ◽  
Adebowale Adebiyi ◽  
Victor V. Chizhikov ◽  
Igor Y. Iskusnykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Organ Weights

The goal of enteral nutritional support for infants born preterm or small for gestational age (SGA) is to achieve normal growth and development. Yet, this is difficult to achieve because of intestinal immaturity. Our objective was to determine if birth weight, protein intake, and the growth promoters leucine (10 g/L) or calcium-ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutryate (HMB; 1.1 g/L) would affect trajectories of intestinal growth and functions and weights of other organs. Preterm pigs were delivered at gestational day 105 (91% of term) and fed for 6 or 7 days isocaloric formulas that differed in protein content (50 g or 100 g protein/L), with and without the growth promoters leucine or HMB. For comparative purposes organ weights were measured within 12 h after delivery for six term pigs of low and six of average birth weights. The responses of intestinal growth and total intestinal brush border membrane carbohydrases to protein level and supplemental leucine were of greater magnitude for preterm pigs of lower birth weight. Forskolin stimulated chloride secretion in the proximal small intestine was lower for pigs fed the low protein milk replacers. Capacities of the entire small intestine to transport glucose (mmol/kg-day) were not responsive to protein level, leucine, or HMB, and did not differ between small and large pigs. Relative organ weights of the small and average weight term pigs were similar, but some differed from those of the preterm pigs suggesting preterm birth and the standards of care used for this study altered the trajectories of development for the intestine and other organs. Although leucine is an effective generalized growth promoter that enhances gut development of small preterm pigs, it does not mitigate compromised neurodevelopment. Our findings using preterm pigs as a relevant preclinical model indicate nutrition support strategies can influence development of some gastrointestinal tract characteristics and the growth of other organs.

scholarly journals Environmental Movement and the Conservation of Forest: A Case Study on Ratargul Swamp Forest of Sylhet, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kazi Moriom Jahan ◽  
Afm Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the scope and nature of the environmental movement that may shape the existing management. Study Design: This paper is a qualitative study and based on empirical research. It focuses on the impact of environmental movements around Ratargul Swamp Forest Place and Duration of Study: This research was done around the Ratargul Swamp Forest located in on Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2017. Methodology: For the primary data collection, 47 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling on the basis of their level of involvement. Data was collected from local people, environmental groups and the forest department. Data collection methods were key informant interview, in-depth interview, case study, focus group discussion and archival research. Results: People of Ratargul village are now more aware of the harmful activities of uncontrolled tourism while the Forest Department brings new management policies and practices in response to the local and civil pressure. It is also found that the Climate Resilient Ecosystem Livelihoods (CREL) project in Bangladesh actually works to negate the strength of the environmental movement rather than as a conservation proponent. The Forest Department is successful to implement their projects due to a lack of coordination between local activists. According to the respondents, 31.1% mark this movement as successful, 23.4% opine as completely failure and while remaining 44.4% thinks that it is partially successful. Conclusion: A strong, integrated, coordinated and organized form of resistance or movement is needed to break up the hegemony of Forest Department that may save the Ratargul Swamp Forest from ongoing damage.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Ruang Berdasarkan Perilaku Penghuni Sub Komunal Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA), Semanggi, Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Fauzan Ali Ikhsan ◽  
Anita Dianingrum ◽  
Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani ◽  
Pratiwi Anjar Sari ◽  
Mohamad Muqoffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data

<p class="Keywords">Sub Communal RISHA is a pilot project from the central government in collaboration with the Surakarta City Government as a solution for structuring slum settlements in Surakarta. The RISHA method facilitates the construction and installation process due to the use of a modular precast system which is also more flexible and efficient both in terms of construction time and the use of construction materials. The purpose of this research is to identify the space adaptation of Sub Communal RISHA based on the behavior of residents. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The research location is in the area of RW 06 Rusunawa Semanggi Surakarta and the time of data collection was carried out in the period May-August 2021. Primary data was taken with several techniques, observation and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) method. The analysis was carried out using data triangulation techniques. The use of this analysis technique aims to combine all data to produce accurate and comprehensive conclusions. The results showed that there are two adaptations carried out by the residents of Sub Communal RISHA, namely adaptation by adjustment and adaptation by reactions.</p>

scholarly journals GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION: THE CASE OF EASTERN & SOUTH-EASTERN REGIONS OF AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Najibullah Totakhiel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Teacher Gender ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
World Economic

This research aims to find the size of the gender gap in education in the ten provinces of the Eastern Region (ER) and the South-Eastern Region (SER) of Afghanistan. Based on the World Economic Forum (WEF) approach to the gender gap, the study measures the educational gender gap index (EGGI) at both the regional and provincial level. The study found that the regional EGGI is 0.30. This means that 70% of the gender gap remains. The EGGI in the ER is 0.35, while in the SER it is 0.25, which means that 65% and 75% of the gender gap remains in the ER and the SER respectively. Thus, the gap is smaller in the ER than in the SER. At the provincial level, the best performing province is Nangarhar, where 42% of the gap has been closed. The worst performing province is Wardak, where only 15% of the gap has been closed. Of the six sub-indexes of the EGGI which were calculated from the primary data, the largest gender disparity is in the enrolment in tertiary level education, which has a gap of 69%. The second largest gap is 55% for the number of male and female schools. Both middle school enrolment and teacher gender ratio have similar sized gaps of 53%. The gaps for enrolment in primary education and secondary education are lower, at 30% and 43% respectively. The gap between the male and female student-teacher ratios is 73.6%. Furthermore, there is a 67.7% gap in literacy rate between males and females across the country.

scholarly journals An Assessment on Application of Indigenous Knowledge as Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Samshad Nowreen ◽  
Md Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Reduction Strategies

This research investigates how indigenous knowledge helps to reduce disaster risks in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, specifically in the study area of Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazaar. The location of the coastal area of Bangladesh is funnel shaped which is regarded as one of the most vulnerable cyclone-prone regions in the world because of its location and physiography. Almost every year coastal people experiences this nature induced devastation and loses their lives and property. However, to cope with this type of natural calamity and minimize their loss, coastal people apply their inherited practical knowledge that has been aimed to explore by this research. To conduct this research three types of survey methods has been used: primary data were collected using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, Focus Group Discussion(FGD) and semi-structured questionnaire survey. First of all, the study explored interesting house construction practices, techniques and protection maneuvers those reflect the ideas of indigenous knowledge of coastal people as primitive adaptation strategies to the cyclone disaster. It has also been found that the other indigenous practices like early cyclone warning system from nature including animal behavior and weather condition. The dynamics of cyclone: classification, occurrence and affected scenario in the coastal region have been identified for the Cox’s Bazaar region. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 65(2): 125-131, 2017 (July)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Primary Care Dentist Service in the Implementation of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) in Central Java and Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Julia Hendrartini ◽  
Lisdrianto Hanindriyo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Capitation Payment ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Central Java

<p>Evaluation for the capitation payment system to the primary care dentist contracted by the Indonesian National Health Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan) needs to be done as a basis for future improvements. This study aimed in describing the utilization of dental services; the average services fee received for each type of service; the level of patient satisfaction on dental service; the dentist level of satisfaction on the capitation payment system; and analyzing the suitability of capitation rates with generally accepted rates in the area of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Quantitative primary data was collected through questionnaires by dentists and their patients. While qualitative primary data was collected by Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Dentists involved in the FGD was selected by purposive sampling by local Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI) chairman. Secondary data of independent primary care dental practice was taken from BPJS Kesehatan. As a result, 26.76 % of primary care dentists have small number of insured patients (2001-5000). Real unit cost average was around IDR350,000 per visit. Most of the subjects (73.77 %) stated that they quite satisfied with the capitation payment system, but not with the nominal value. Most of the patients (98.5 %) were satisfied with the dental services. In conclusion, capitation nominal value needs to be adjusted with a detailed benefit packages. Enrollment-based membership mechanism needs to be evaluated. Routine monitoring and evaluation meetings between BPJS Kesehatan and primary care dentist needs to be done every 3 months, accompanied by PDGI.<br></p>

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