Serotipos y resistencia antibiótica en Shigella spp aisladas de infecciones intestinales, Lima, 2012

Serotipos y resistencia antibiótica en Shigella spp aisladas de infecciones intestinales, Lima, 2012 Serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Shigella spp. isolated from intestinal infections, Lima, 2012 César E. Guerrero Barrantes1, Alfredo Guillén O.1, Roberto Rojas L1, Nora Bravo2 & Paola Muñoz1 1 Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Tecnología Médica, Lima 10 2 Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Lima 10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2013.0005/ Resumen Se ha descrito que la distribución mundial de los serogrupos de Shigella no es igual en las distintas regiones. El objetivo es determinar los serotipos, la frecuencia de éstos y el patrón de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de los cultivos de Shigella spp. aislados de infecciones intestinales. Se evaluaron 75 cultivos de Shigella spp., identificados bioquímicamente y serológicamente, tanto su serogrupo como su serotipo, por aglutinación en lámina. Los patrones de resistencia antibiótica se determinaron mediante el método de difusión de disco en agar. De los 75 cultivos de Shigella, 54 fueron Shigella flexneri (72%) y 21 Shigella sonnei (28%). De los 54 cultivos de Shigella flexneri, el 48,15% resultó ser del serotipo 2a, seguidos por los serotipos 1b y 6 con el 12,96% cada uno, luego el serotipo 3a con 11,11% y por último los serotipos 1a, 4b y 2b, con 5,56%, 5,56% y 3,70%, respectivamente. La resistencia antibiótica observada en los cultivos de Shigella, independientemente del serogrupo, fue muy frecuente para Sulfametoxazol Trimetoprim, ampicilina, cloranfenicol y tetraciclina; además, algunos cultivos fueron resistentes a Aztreonam, Furazolidona y Amoxicilina-Acido Clavulánico. Los serotipos de Shigella flexneri desde infecciones intestinales, en Lima, son 2a – 1b – 6 –3a – 1a – 4b – 2b; el más frecuente es el 2a, seguido por el 1b y 6 y el patrón de resistencia observado en Shigella spp, fue elevado para sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim, Tetraciclina, Cloranfenicol y Ampicilina. Descriptores: Shigella, serotypes, resistance. Abstract The global distribution of serogroups in Shigella is not equal across regions. The objective is to determine serotypes, the frequency and pattern of resistance to antimicrobial agents of cultures of Shigella spp. isolated from intestinal infections. The 75 cultures of Shigella spp., identified biochemically and serologically, were evaluated for serogroup and serotype, by agglutination on slide. Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by disk agar diffusion method. Of the 75 strains of Shigella, 54 were Shigella flexneri (72%) and 21 Shigella sonnei (28%). Of the 54 strains of Shigella flexneri, 48,15% proved serotype 2a, while 12,96% corresponded to the 1b and 6 serotypes one each, than the serotype 3a with 11,11%, and finally the serotypes 1a, 4b and 2b, with 5.56%, 5,56 and 3,70%, respectively. Antibiotic resistance observed in cultures of Shigella, regardless of the serogroup, was very frequent for Sulfametoxazol Trimetoprim, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline; in addition, some strains were resistant for Aztreonam, furazolidone and amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. The serotypes of Shigella flexneri from intestinal infections, in Lima, are 2a - 1b - 6- 3a - 1a - 4b -2b; the most frequent is the 2a, followed by 1b and 6 serotypes, and the resistance pattern observed in Shigella spp., was elevated to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Keywords: Shigella, serotypes, resistance.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern against E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Environmental Effluents

International Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijns.v5i2.28612 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MM Hassan ◽

M Ahaduzzaman ◽

M Alam ◽

MS Bari ◽

KB Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Health Concern ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Veterinary Hospital

Hospitals (medical & veterinary) and slaughterhouse effluents were the most contaminating effluents and need to be paid more attention due to pathogenic bacteria related to animal and public health concern. Two bacterial isolates such as E. coli and Salmonella from six medical hospitals, five veterinary hospitals and five slaughter houses were isolated to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern by using disc diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance patterns of identified isolates showed that Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Erythromycin, Oxytetracycline were 100%, Doxycycline was 83%, Gentamycin was 50% and Neomycin was 33% resistance to medical isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Erythromycin were 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 40%, Colistin was 60%, Doxycycline was 80%, Gentamycin was 20%; Neomycin and Oxytetracycline 80% resistance to veterinary hospital isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Oxytetracycline, Gentamycin, Doxycycline and Erythromycin were 100% and Neomycin was 40% resistance to slaughter houses isolates of E. coli. The level of resistance of Salmonella positive isolates was found Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Gentamycin and Erythromycin to 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 67%, Oxytetracycline was 33% but Colistin and Neomycin was found sensitive to the isolates from both medical and veterinary hospital. Results indicated that hospitals and slaughter houses waste effluent has multiple-antibiotic resistance against E. coli and Salmonella.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 52-58

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47176-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 921-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Esvet Mutlu ◽

Allison J. Wroe ◽

Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽

Jon S. Brazier ◽

Ian R. Poxton

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Common Type ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Binary Toxin ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

The Common ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.

Identification of Hemolysin encoding Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

10.21203/rs.2.16458/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mona Nasaj ◽

Zahra Saeidi ◽

Babak Asghari ◽

Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽

Mohammad Arabestani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Significant Issue ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Encoding Genes

Abstract Objection : Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and also resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results : The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes were determined as 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus ; hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin and the hlb with clindamycin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from faecal wastes in the environment and contaminated surface water

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mathilde Camiade ◽

Josselin Bodilis ◽

Naouel Chaftar ◽

Wassila Riah-Anglet ◽

Johan Gardères ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Pathogenic Species ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Faecal Bacteria ◽

ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas genus, which includes environmental and pathogenic species, is known to present antibiotic resistances, and can receive resistance genes from multi-resistant enteric bacteria released into the environment via faecal rejects. This study was aimed to investigate the resistome of Pseudomonas populations that have been in contact with these faecal bacteria. Thus, faecal discharges originating from human or cattle were sampled (from 12 points and two sampling campaigns) and 41 Pseudomonas species identified (316 isolates studied). The resistance phenotype to 25 antibiotics was determined in all isolates, and we propose a specific antibiotic resistance pattern for 14 species (from 2 to 9 resistances). None showed resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, or polymyxins. Four species carried a very low number of resistances, with none to β-lactams. Interestingly, we observed the absence of the transcriptional activator soxR gene in these four species. No plasmid transfer was highlighted by conjugation assays, and a few class 1 but no class 2 integrons were detected in strains that may have received resistance genes from Enterobacteria. These results imply that the contribution of the Pseudomonas genus to the resistome of an ecosystem first depends on the structure of the Pseudomonas populations, as they may have very different resistance profiles.

Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis

Northern International Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/nimcj.v8i1.32391 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 174-177

Author(s):

Rowshan Jahan Akhter ◽

Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽

BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽

MAK Azad Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Haematological Profile ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177

Antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles for Shigella spp. isolated in Cordoba, Argentina

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/34.2.253 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 253-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

N. E. Brito-Alayon ◽

A. M. Blando ◽

C. Monzon-Moreno

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Plasmid Profiles ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a Campylobacter Population Isolated from Poultry Farms in Switzerland

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.6.2840-2847.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2840-2847 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

M. Wittwer ◽

J. Keller ◽

T. M. Wassenaar ◽

R. Stephan ◽

D. Howald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Disk Diffusion Testing ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Typing Methods ◽

Farm Types

ABSTRACT The diversity and genetic interrelation of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from Swiss poultry were assessed by three independent typing methods. Samples were derived prior to slaughter from 100 randomly selected flocks (five birds per flock) raised on three different farm types. The observed flock prevalence was 54% in total, with 50% for conventional and 69% for free-range farms. Birds held on farms with a confined roaming area had the lowest prevalence of 37%. Campylobacter isolates were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism of flaA PCR fragments (flaA-RFLP), and disk diffusion testing for eight antimicrobial agents that are commonly used in veterinary or human medicine in Switzerland. Analysis of the genotypic results indicates that the Campylobacter population in Swiss poultry is genetically highly diverse. Nevertheless, occasionally, isolates with identical or nearly identical characteristics were isolated from different farms or farm types in different locations. Genetic typing by AFLP and flaA-RFLP was found to be complementary. The majority of isolates (67%) were susceptible to all tested antibiotics; however, single, double, and triple resistances were observed in 7%, 23%, and 2% of the strains, respectively. There was no correlation between genotype and antibiotic resistance. Surprisingly, sulfonamide resistance was frequently found together with streptomycin resistance. Our findings illustrate the results of common genetic exchange in the studied bacterial population.

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Virulence Determinants of Different SCCmec and Pulsotypes of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from a Major Hospital in Ilam, Iran

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285801711010211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 211-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehdi Abbasi ◽

Majid BaseriSalehi ◽

Nima Bahador ◽

Morovat Taherikalani

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Different Types ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Typing Methods ◽

Aims & Objectives:The aim of this studyisto evaluate genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and virulence characteristics of different types ofS. aureusisolated from air, surfaces, staff, and patients in a Public hospital in Ilam.Methods & Materials:A total of 88 of 140 staphylococci identified asS. aureusby conventional and molecular methods were used in this study. Isolate samples were obtained from surfaces, staff, patients, and hospital indoor air. The sampling from staff and surfaces was done through using swab and air by standard pump. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and presence different resistant and virulence determinants was assessed. Isolates were then typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and SCCmectyping methods.Results:Out of 88isolates, 36 of them (40.9%) were MRSA. Among MRSA isolates, the range of resistance to antibiotic was 0% in vancomycin to 83.3% in gentamycin. The most prevalent resistant genes among gentamicin resistantS. aureuswereacc (6')/aph (2”)Iaandaph(3”)IIIa. The most common erythromycin resistant gene wasermC. Surprisingly, SCCmectypes I (30.5%), II (25%)were highly distributed. PFGE analysis showed 33 different pulsotypes.Conclusion:This study confirms that different isolates of MSSA and MRSA circulate in Ilam which differ in antimicrobial susceptibility, content of resistance, and virulence determinants.

Antibiogram of faecal Streptococci isolates for pollution source determination in the Ikpoba river, Benin City

Tropical Freshwater Biology ◽

10.4314/tfb.v29i2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

C.O Sekegor

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Faecal Coliform ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Faecal Pollution ◽

Benin City ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Effluent Discharge ◽

Faecal Streptococci

Water samples from various sites of the Ikpoba River, Benin City, were bacteriologically analysed to determine bacterial indicators of faecal pollution and heterotrophic bacterial concentration. Sampling points 1 was the point of drainage discharge from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, 2 was at the Bridge at Upper Mission Road, 3 was the point of effluent discharge from Oredo Local Government Area Abbatoir, 4 was at the Bridge along Benin-Agbor Road and 5 was the point of effluent discharge from Guinness Nigeria PLC. Faecal coliform count was generally high in all sample sites with the point of discharge of effluent from the Abbatoir showing the highest mean count of 1.51 × 107 cfu/ml; and the Bridge at Upper Mission Road had the lowest mean count of 1.20 × 107 cfu/ml. Faecal streptococci count was highest at the point of discharge of effluent from Guinness Nigeria PLC at 8.21 × 107 cfu/ml. while the Bridge at Upper Mission Road had the lowest faecal streptococcus count of 5.83 × 106 cfu/ml. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of faecal streptococci isolates on day 1 were observed to be more susceptible to the battery of antibiotics than faecal streptococci isolates on days 2 and 3. The results of the ratio of faecal coliform to faecal streptococci and the antibiotic resistance pattern on faecal streptococci showed that faecal pollution of the Ikpoba River has both human and animal origin. There are undoubted risks to human health from surface water polluted with animal faeces, nevertheless, it is human faeces that represent a much greater risk and thus constant investigations should be carried out by environment monitoring agencies to evaluate the pollution status of the river and residents around the river should administer filtration techniques before domestic use. Keywords: faecal pollution, faecal streptococci, antibiotic resistance patterns

Genotypes of Esbl Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Relation to Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs

PRILOZI ◽

10.2478/prilozi-2014-0004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Ana Kaftandzieva ◽

Elena Trajkovska-Dokic ◽

Vesna Kotevska ◽

Zaklina Cekovska ◽

Gordana Jankoska

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Single Gene ◽

Tracheal Aspirate ◽

Beta Lactams ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp. Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates obtained from urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and blood from patients hospitalised at the University Clinics in Skopje were detected using the ESBL set and automated Vitek 2 system. Vitek was also used for susceptibility testing (determination of MIC of 17 antimicrobial agents). Multiplex PCR was used to identify genes for different types of ESBLs in a 100 randomly selected, ESBL positive strains. Results: More of the 87 ESBL typeable isolates (61%) harbour two or more bla genes and the frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in these isolates, compared to those with a single gene. Isolates with ≥ 3 genes were highly resistant to beta-lactams and non-beta lactams used. The degree of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates (MIC ≥ 64). More of the ESBL-positive isolates showed higher resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime. Conclusion: Identification of the genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns are crucial to overcome the problems associated with ESBLs.