scholarly journals Candida albicans Denture Biofilm and its Clinical Significance

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA D. SEREFKO ◽  
EWA J. POLESZAK ◽  
ANNA MALM
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
Germ Tubes

Fungi belonging to Candida genus, especially C. albicans play an important role in microflora of oral cavity. Microbial colonisation process taking place within oral cavity is inseparably related to formation of multispecies biofilm, i.e. dental and denture plaque. A mature fungal biofilm is a heterogeneous three-dimensional dense conglomeration of mixture of different morphological forms: blastospores, germ tubes, pseudohyphae and hyphae surrounded by the extracellular polymeric matrix. Composition and specific properties of substratum, saliva and yeasts as well as multiple intricate interactions between all of them influence the ability of Candida spp. isolates to adhere and colonise both natural and artificial surfaces, followed by biofilm formation. Obviously, specific complex host-pathogen interactions also should not be neglected. A lot of additional factors like poor oral and denture hygiene, low pH under prosthesis, sufficient concentration of sugar and iron or antibody titres influence Candida adhesion and colonisation of acrylic resin base. C. albicans is capable of inducing a variety of superficial diseases of the oral mucosa. The most common clinical form of oral candidal infection related to biofilm formation affecting a great deal of denture wearers is denture-associated stomatitis, also known as chronic atrophic candidiasis or erythemateous candidasis. Development of C. albicans biofilm on a denture surface constitutes a difficult and hard to resolve problem which may concern every single prosthesis-wearer. Thus, careful oral and denture hygiene is highly recommended for the population of artificial teeth wearers.

scholarly journals A trigger phosphodiesterase modulates the global c-di-GMP pool, motility and biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martínez-Méndez ◽  
Diego A. Camacho-Hernández ◽  
Elizabeth Sulvarán-Guel ◽  
David Zamorano-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Negative Effect

Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells transit from free swimming to surface adapted lifestyles, such as swarming colonies and three-dimensional biofilms. These transitions are regulated by sensory modules and regulatory networks that involve the second messenger cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). In this work, we show that a previously uncharacterized c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase (VP1881) from V. parahaemolyticus plays an important role in modulating the c-di-GMP pool. We found that the product of VP1881 promotes its own expression when the levels of c-di-GMP are low or when the phosphodiesterase is catalytically inactive. This behavior has been observed in a class of c-di-GMP receptors called Trigger phosphodiesterases, hence we named the product of VP1881 TpdA, for Trigger phosphodiesterase A. The absence of tpdA showed a negative effect on swimming motility while its overexpression from an IPTG inducible promoter showed a positive effect on both swimming and swarming motility, and a negative effect on biofilm formation. Changes in TpdA abundance altered the expression of representative polar and lateral flagellar genes as well as the biofilm related gene cpsA. Our results also revealed that autoactivation of the native PtpdA promoter is sufficient to alter c-di-GMP signaling responses such as swarming and biofilm formation in V. parahaemolyticus, an observation that could have important implications in the dynamics of these social behaviors. IMPORTANCE C-di-GMP trigger phosphodiesterases (PDEs) could play a key role in controlling the heterogeneity of biofilm-matrix composition, a property that endows characteristics that are potentially relevant for sustaining integrity and functionality of biofilms in a variety of natural environments. Trigger PDEs are not always easy to identify based on their sequence, hence not many examples of these type of signaling proteins have been reported in the literature. Here we report on the identification of a novel trigger PDE in V. parahaemolyticus and provide evidence suggesting that its autoactivation could play an important role in the progression of swarming motility and biofilm formation, multicellular behaviors that are important for the survival and dissemination of this environmental pathogen.

Three-dimensional analysis of initial biofilm formation on polytetrafluoroethylene in the oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fuchslocher Hellemann ◽  
S. Grade ◽  
W. Heuer ◽  
M.P. Dittmer ◽  
M. Stiesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Initial Biofilm

scholarly journals Influence of Eugenia uniflora Extract on Adhesion to Human Buccal Epithelial Cells, Biofilm Formation, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Candida spp. from the Oral Cavity of Kidney Transplant Recipients

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanda Souza ◽  
Walicyranison Silva-Rocha ◽  
Magda Ferreira ◽  
Luiz Soares ◽  
Terezinha Svidzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells

This study evaluated the influence of the extract of Eugenia uniflora in adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC) biofilm formation and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients. To evaluate virulence attributes in vitro, nine yeasts were grown in the presence and absence of 1000 μg/mL of the extract. Adhesion was quantified using the number of Candida cells adhered to 150 HBEC determined by optical microscope. Biofilm formation was evaluated using two methodologies: XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and crystal violet assay, and further analyzed by electronic scan microscopy. CSH was quantified with the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test. We could detect that the extract of E. uniflora was able to reduce adhesion to HBEC and CSH for both Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans Candida species. We also observed a statistically significant reduced ability to form biofilms in biofilm-producing strains using both methods of quantification. However, two highly biofilm-producing strains of Candida tropicalis had a very large reduction in biofilm formation. This study reinforces the idea that besides growth inhibition, E. uniflora may interfere with the expression of some virulence factors of Candida spp. and may be possibly applied in the future as a novel antifungal agent.

scholarly journals A trigger phosphodiesterase modulates the global c-di-GMP pool, motility and biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martínez-Méndez ◽  
Diego A. Camacho-Hernández ◽  
Elizabeth Sulvarán-Guel ◽  
David Zamorano-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus cells transit from free swimming to surface adapted lifestyles, such as swarming colonies and three-dimensional biofilms. These transitions are regulated by sensory modules and regulatory networks that involve the second messenger cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). In this work, we show that a previously uncharacterized c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase (VP1881) from V. parahaemolyticus plays an important role in modulating the c-di-GMP pool. We found that the product of VP1881 promotes its own expression when the levels of c-di-GMP were low or when the phosphodiesterase was catalytically inactive. This behavior has been observed in a class of c-di-GMP receptors called Trigger phosphodiesterases, hence we named the product of VP1881 TpdA, for Trigger phosphodiesterase A. The absence of tpdA showed a negative effect on swimming motility while its overexpression from an IPTG inducible promoter showed a positive effect on both swimming and swarming motility, and a negative effect on biofilm formation. Changes in TpdA abundance altered the expression of representative polar and lateral flagellar genes as well as the biofilm related gene cpsA. Our results also revealed that autoactivation of the native PtpdA promoter is sufficient to alter c-di-GMP signaling responses such as swarming and biofilm formation in V. parahaemolyticus, an observation that could have important implications in the dynamics of this social behaviors.ImportanceC-di-GMP trigger phosphodiesterases (PDEs) could play a key role in controlling the heterogeneity of biofilm-matrix composition, a property that endows characteristics that are potentially relevant for sustaining integrity and functionality of biofilms in a variety of natural environments. Trigger PDEs are not always easy to identify based on their sequence, hence not many examples of these type of signaling proteins have been reported in the literature. Here we report on the identification of a novel trigger PDE in V. parahaemolyticus and provide evidence suggesting that its autoactivation could play an important role in the progression of swarming motility and biofilm formation, multicellular behaviors that are important for the survival and dissemination of this environmental pathogen.

The effect of some chemical materials against virulence factors of Candida ssp isolated from UTI patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Abdul Hussein Mejbel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Chemical Materials

 During the period from September 2016 to December 2017,135 urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients attending to AL-Zahraa Hospital in AL-Najaf Governorate. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida spp. isolated from urinary tract infection patients by different methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical test and by modern techniques (Api Candida kit) and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp which involved (biofilm formation,phospholipase and germ tube). The percentage of females to males was as following, female (84) 62.2 % (21) infected and male (51) 37.8% (1) infected with all age categories. The results in this study are explain that is some Candida spp. such as C. albicans, have high susceptible to eugenole follow by phenol and umbellulone. The efficiency of some chemical substances such as (eugenole,umbellulone, and phenol) was evaluated to inhibit the growth of Candida ssp as well as some virulence factors such as biofilm formation,germ tube and phospholipase,which were studied in this research. Statistically analysis results have been significance difference between the results of the substance concentrations and the concentrations of the different other substances.

scholarly journals Modulation of drug resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of Tunisian children

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zmantar ◽  
Rihab Ben Slama ◽  
Kais Fdhila ◽  
Bochra Kouidhi ◽  
Amina Bakhrouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Effect of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer on biofilm formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliê Marra ◽  
André Gustavo Paleari ◽  
Larissa Santana Rodriguez ◽  
Andressa Rosa Perin Leite ◽  
Ana Carolina Pero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Acrylic Resin

scholarly journals Virulence of Clinical Candida Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Martyna Mroczyńska ◽  
Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Candida Spp

The factors enabling Candida spp. infections are secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, adherence to surfaces, biofilm formation or morphological transition, and fitness attributes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between known extracellular virulence factors and survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with clinical Candida. The 25 isolates were tested and the activity of proteinases among 24/24, phospholipases among 7/22, esterases among 14/23, hemolysins among 18/24, and biofilm formation ability among 18/25 isolates was confirmed. Pathogenicity investigation using G. mellonella larvae as host model demonstrated that C. albicans isolates and C. glabrata isolate were the most virulent and C. krusei isolates were avirulent. C. parapsilosis virulence was identified as varied, C. inconspicua were moderately virulent, and one C. palmioleophila isolate was of low virulence and the remaining isolates of this species were moderately virulent. According to our study, virulence of Candida isolates is related to the expression of proteases, hemolysins, and esterases.

scholarly journals An optimised GAS-pharyngeal cell biofilm model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heema K. N. Vyas ◽  
Jason D. McArthur ◽  
Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Biofilm formation has been implicated in both pharyngeal and dermal GAS infections. In vitro, plate-based assays have shown that several GAS M-types form biofilms, and multiple GAS virulence factors have been linked to biofilm formation. Although the contributions of these plate-based studies have been valuable, most have failed to mimic the host environment, with many studies utilising abiotic surfaces. GAS is a human specific pathogen, and colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation is likely facilitated by distinct interactions with host tissue surfaces. As such, a host cell-GAS model has been optimised to support and grow GAS biofilms of a variety of GAS M-types. Improvements and adjustments to the crystal violet biofilm biomass assay have also been tailored to reproducibly detect delicate GAS biofilms. We propose 72 h as an optimal growth period for yielding detectable biofilm biomass. GAS biofilms formed are robust and durable, and can be reproducibly assessed via staining/washing intensive assays such as crystal violet with the aid of methanol fixation prior to staining. Lastly, SEM imaging of GAS biofilms formed by this model revealed GAS cocci chains arranged into three-dimensional aggregated structures with EPS matrix material. Taken together, we outline an efficacious GAS biofilm pharyngeal cell model that can support long-term GAS biofilm formation, with biofilms formed closely resembling those seen in vivo.

Differential surface competition and biofilm invasion strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and PAO1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Kassety ◽  
Stefan Katharios-Lanwermeyer ◽  
George A. O’Toole ◽  
Carey D. Nadell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Do So

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1 are among the two best characterized model organisms used to study the mechanisms of biofilm formation, while also representing two distinct lineages of P. aeruginosa . Previous work has shown that PA14 and PAO1 use different strategies for surface colonization; they also have different extracellular matrix composition and different propensities to disperse from biofilms back into the planktonic phase surrounding them. We expand on this work here by exploring the consequences of these different biofilm production strategies during direct competition. Using differentially labeled strains and microfluidic culture methods, we show that PAO1 can outcompete PA14 in direct competition during early colonization and subsequent biofilm growth, that they can do so in constant and perturbed environments, and that this advantage is specific to biofilm growth and requires production of the Psl polysaccharide. In contrast, the P. aeruginosa PA14 is better able to invade pre-formed biofilms and is more inclined to remain surface-associated under starvation conditions. These data together suggest that while P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14 are both able to effectively colonize surfaces, they do so in different ways that are advantageous under different environmental settings. Importance Recent studies indicate that P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14 use distinct strategies to initiate biofilm formation. We investigated whether their respective colonization and matrix secretion strategies impact their ability to compete under different biofilm-forming regimes. Our work shows that these different strategies do indeed impact how these strains fair in direct competition: PAO1 dominates during colonization of a naïve surface, while PA14 is more effective in colonizing a pre-formed biofilm. These data suggest that even for very similar microbes there can be distinct strategies to successfully colonize and persist on surfaces during the biofilm life cycle.

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