scholarly journals Modulation of drug resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of Tunisian children

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zmantar ◽  
Rihab Ben Slama ◽  
Kais Fdhila ◽  
Bochra Kouidhi ◽  
Amina Bakhrouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Prince Subba ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Golden Yellow

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of hospital acquired infection and community acquired infections. Nowadays these organisms became resistant towards variety of drugs. MRSA is the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria that are resistant to methicillin antibiotic and known to be the infectious pathogen causing severe infection and a cause of fatal mortality.Materials and methodology Altogether 200 nasal swabs and 200 hand swabs were obtained from participants and transported to microbiology lab in cold chain. The samples were swabbed in mannitol salt agar (MSA) containing oxacillin powder of 6mg/L and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Staphylococcus aureus colonies were identified based on growth characteristics on MSA plates (golden yellow colonies), Gram stain and positive results for coagulase tube test and catalase test. The pure isolated MRSA were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm formation assays.Results From our study the overall prevalence of CA-MRSA was 61.5%. Higher frequency of multi-drug resistant MRSA was isolated. The biofilm producing CA-MRSA were 51.2% which showed high drug resistance and rest (48.7%) were non-biofilm producers. There was significant association in biofilm production with multi-drug resistance (p<0.05). Ciprofloxacin was most sensitive drug against the isolates which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The resistant pattern of biofilm producers reported high ability of multi-drug resistance compared to non-biofilm producers (p<0.05). Microtitre plate method was found to be gold standard over tube and congo red agar method for screening biofilm formation. Surprisingly the emergence of VISA and VRSA strains were significantly reported from our study. The prevalence of VISA and VRSA among CA-MRSA was found to be 49.5% and 40.6% respectively among the isolates which indicates the failure of Vancomycin drug in clinical therapy.Conclusions The prevalence of CA-MRSA was found more in barbers followed by beauticians and municipal waste workers in comparison to healthy controls. This study reported the higher carriage of CA-MRSA in potential risk population along with emergence of VISA and VRSA strains. Improvement in personal hygiene and formulation of appropriate health policy helps to prevent CA-MRSA infection. This study concludes that CA-MRSA is still emerging with multi-drug resistance.

Staphylococcus aureus: biofilm formation and strategies against it

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nasser ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal ◽  
Shiva Jahanbakhshi ◽  
Taher Azimi ◽  
Leila Nikouei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibitors ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Biofilm Inhibitor

: The formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm causes significant infections in the human body. Biofilm forms through the aggregation of bacterial species and brings about many complications. It mediates drug resistance and persistence and facilitates the recurrence of infection at the end of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm formation goes through a series of steps to complete, and any interference in these steps can disrupt its formation. Such interference may occur at any stage of biofilm production, including attachment, monolayer formation, and accumulation. Interfering agents can act as quorum sensing inhibitors and interfere in the functionality of quorum sensing receptors, attachment inhibitors and affect the cell hydrophobicity. Among these inhibiting strategies, attachment inhibitors could serve as the best agents against biofilm formation. If pathogens abort the attachment, the following stages of biofilm formation, e.g., accumulation and dispersion, will fail to materialize. Inhibition at this stage leads to suppression of virulence factors and invasion. One of the best-known inhibitors is a chelator that collects metal, Fe+, Zn+, and magnesium critical for biofilm formation. These influential factors in the binding and formation of biofilm are investigated, and the coping strategy is discussed. This review examines the stages of biofilm formation and determines what factors interfere in the continuity of these steps. Finally, the inhibition strategies are investigated, reviewed, and discussed. Keywords: Biofilm, Staphylococcus, Biofilm inhibitor, Dispersion, Antibiofilm agent, EPS, PIA.

scholarly journals Detection of Drug Susceptible and Resistant Viridans Streptococci spp., Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and E.coli in Complete Denture Patients and Visualisation using Scanning Electron Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoney Andonissamy ◽  
Suma Karthigeyan ◽  
Seyed Asharaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

Introduction: The bacteria colonising the oral cavity and the dentures acquire drug resistance due to frequent usage of antibiotics systemically and application of mouth rinses and denture disinfectants locally. These multidrug resistant bacteria pose potential threat to the health of the patient as infections caused by them do not respond to conventional antibiotics. Aim: The present study aims at detecting the drug resistant bacteria in patients who wear complete dentures. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive study and follows laboratory invitro study design involving 30 complete denture patients. Swabs were collected from their oral cavity as well as complete denture surfaces. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed for the following bacteriae namely Viridans streptococci species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli. Isolation of the bacteria were done by means of selective media and subjected to biochemical tests. The 16S rRNA sequencing was done to ascertain the microorganisms by which 20 isolates of each of the selective bacteria were obtained. The bacteria were classified as sensitive, intermediate sensitive and resistant based on antibiotic sensitivity tests. Those isolates which exhibited Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) were visualised using SEM. Results:Viridans streptococci spp. (40%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%) isolates were resistant to Amoxiclavulinic acid and Methicilin, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%) and (30%) E.coli isolates were most resistant to Cefotaxime and Doxicilin. Conclusion: Drug resistant bacteria have been identified from complete dentures and oral cavity in the present study. Antibiotic sensitivity tests, 16S rRNA sequencing and SEM are vital investigative tools to detect and to visualise drug resistant bacteria. Cell density, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and capsule could be important factors for providing drug resistance.

scholarly journals Detection of enterotoxin gene (sea) and biofilm formation ability among multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from shawarma sandwich sold at selected kiosks in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234-1244
Author(s):  
Salahaldin Fathalla M. ◽  
N.A. Mahyudin ◽  
F. Mohamad Ghazali ◽  
Y. Rukayadi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay

The occurrence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food product of animal origin has increased the concern about their spread into the food supply chain. Presence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in food products, including ready-to-eat foods imposes potential hazard for consumers. The objective of this research was to investigate the presence of multi-drug resistance of S. aureus in sixty ready-to-eat shawarma sandwiches. Agar-disc diffusion assay determined their resistance to 11 antibiotics. The sea and sed enterotoxin genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction method. Biofilm formation potential (BFP) was quantified by microtitre plate assay. The result revealed that thirty-six samples (60%) were positive for S. aureus. Majority of the isolates (n = 29; 80.6%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The isolates demonstrated highest resistance against ampicillin (69.4%) and penicillin (69.4%), while resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and kanamycin were 47.2%, 33.3% and 22.2%, respectively. Several isolates were resistant to trimethoprim (5.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole- (2.8%), gentamicin (2.8%) and cephalothin (2.8%), while none exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Out of the thirty-six isolates, twelve isolates (33.3%) were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotic (multidrug-resistant) and 50% had a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance index value more than 0.25. Of the multi-drug resistant isolates, four were positive for sea genes but no sed genes were present. All multi-drug resistance isolates were biofilm formers with five and six isolates were strong and moderate formers, respectively. Additionally, all the sea gene carrying multi-drug resistance isolates were strong biofilm formers. These findings revealed shawarma as a potential vehicle for the spread of multidrug-resistant S. aureus, suggesting more control measures for ready-to-eat food.

scholarly journals The Role of Staphylococcus aureus YycFG in Gene Regulation, Biofilm Organization and Drug Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Shizhou Wu ◽  
Junqi Zhang ◽  
Qi Peng ◽  
Yunjie Liu ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Development

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health concern that may have significant social and financial consequences. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is responsible for substantial morbidity and leads to the death of 21.8% of infected patients annually. A lack of novel antibiotics has prompted the exploration of therapies targeting bacterial virulence mechanisms. The two-component signal transduction system (TCS) enables microbial cells to regulate gene expression and the subsequent metabolic processes that occur due to environmental changes. The YycFG TCS in S. aureus is essential for bacterial viability, the regulation of cell membrane metabolism, cell wall synthesis and biofilm formation. However, the role of YycFG-associated biofilm organization in S. aureus antimicrobial drug resistance and gene regulation has not been discussed in detail. We reviewed the main molecules involved in YycFG-associated cell wall biosynthesis, biofilm development and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) accumulation. Two YycFG-associated regulatory mechanisms, accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (SarA), were also discussed. We highlighted the importance of biofilm formation in the development of antimicrobial drug resistance in S. aureus infections. Data revealed that inhibition of the YycFG pathway reduced PIA production, biofilm formation and bacterial pathogenicity, which provides a potential target for the management of MRSA-induced infections.

scholarly journals The pulsed ultrasound strategy effectively decreases the S. aureus population of chronic rhinosinusitis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Feizabadi ◽  
Javad Sarrafzadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Fathali ◽  
Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki ◽  
Mahdi Dadgoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound

Abstract Objective Staphylococcus aureus with the ability of biofilm formation and the drug resistance acquisition is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Ultrasound as an alternative therapy is effectively able to kill the bacteria by cavitation in or on the bacterial cells and peroxide generation and hence improving antibiotic treatment efficacy. Results Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4 and 6 out of 14 patients by phenotypic and qPCR assays, respectively. Four patients were completely resolved after pulsed ultrasound treatment. However, presence of the S. aureus was confirmed in three healthy controls by bacterial cultivation. Pulsed ultrasound have been quantitatively decreased the S. aureus population in chronic rhinosinusitis patients (p < 0.05). Further studies need to be investigated the effectiveness of pulsed ultrasound as an alternative course of CRS patient’s treatment.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ocular Infections in Polish Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA KŁOS ◽  
MONIKA POMORSKA-WESOŁOWSKA ◽  
DOROTA ROMANISZYN ◽  
AGNIESZKA CHMIELARCZYK ◽  
JADWIGA WÓJKOWSKA-MACH
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Neomycin Resistance

Analysis of the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) ocular infections and virulence factors of the isolates with a special emphasis on their drug resistance, and the ability of biofilm formation. In a period from 2009 to 2013, 83 isolates of SA were prospectively collected and preserved in a multicenter laboratory-based study carried out in southern Poland. Epidemiological, phenotypic, and genotypic analyses were performed. The resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. Screening for the biofilm formation was provided. Among the materials derived from ocular infections from 456 patients, SA was found in 18.2% (n = 83) of cases (one SA isolate per one patient). Most infections were identified in the age group of over 65 years (OR 8.4 95%CI; 1.03-68.49). The majority of patients (73.4%) were hospitalized. Among the virulence and resistance genes, the most frequently detected were the lukE (72.2%, n = 60) and ermA (15.6%, n = 13) genes. A positive result of the CRA test (the ability of biofilm formation) was found in 66.2% (n = 55) of isolates. Among the strains under study, 6.0% (n = 5) had the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus phenotype, and 26.5% (n = 22) had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. In 48 (57.8%) isolates the neomycin resistance was revealed. All isolates under study were sensitive to vancomycin. The population most susceptible to ocular SA infections consists of hospitalized patients aged 65 and more. The SA strains under study showed the increased ability to biofilm formation. In the strains tested, high susceptibility to chloramphenicol and fluoroquinolones was demonstrated. However, the high level of drug resistance to neomycin detected in this study among SA isolates and the blood-ocular barrier makes it difficult to treat ocular infections.

A new approach to treatment of stomatitis in experiments on white rats (experimental research)

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Е.Б. Ганина ◽  
Ю.В. Червинец ◽  
Н.В. Грудинин ◽  
В.Г. Шестакова ◽  
В.М. Червинец ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intact Rats

Цель исследования - охарактеризовать микробиологическую картину стоматита до и после его лечения высокоактивными культурами лактобацилл, дать оценку эффективности их применения при экспериментальном стоматите. Методика. Опыты проводились на 32 самках беспородных белых крыс массой 230 г. Моделирование стоматита включало 2 этапа: моделирование травматического стоматита и воспроизведение бактериального стоматита на базе травматического. У крыс контрольной и опытных серий на всех этапах эксперимента брали мазки с поверхности десен для характеристики микробиоценоза ротовой полости. Результаты. После обработки слизистой оболочки полости рта (СОПР) культурой патогенного штамма Staphylococcus aureus существенно снизились частота встречаемости и количество условно-патогенных микроорганизмов. Лечение стоматита у крыс культурами лактобацилл ( Lactobacillus 11 зв., Lactobacillus 2 п.рта, Lactobacillus 24 д.ст.) и их комбинацией приводило к снижению распространенности S. aureus вплоть до его исчезновения, а также к нормализации количества условно-патогенной микробиоты. Заключение. Исследования показали эффективность использования отдельных высокоактивных штаммов лактобацилл или их комбинации при лечении заболеваний СОПР, в частности бактериального стоматита. Aim. To characterize the microbiological picture of stomatitis in intact rats before and after the treatment with highly active cultured lactobacilli and to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in experiments on white rats. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 32 mongrel female white rats weighing 230 g. Smears were taken from the gum surface of control and experimental rats at all stages of the experiment to characterize the oral cavity microbiocenosis. Results. After treatment of the oral cavity with cultured Staphylococcus aureus , the occurrence and quantity of opportunistic microorganisms significantly decreased. The treatment of stomatitis in rats with cultured lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus 11 zv., Lactobacillus 2 p.r., Lactobacillus 24 d.st. and their combination) led to a decrease in S. aureus prevalence up to its extinction and to normalization of the quantitative composition of opportunistic microbiota. Conclusions. The study showed the effieacy of highly active lactobacillus strains individually or their combinations in the treatment of oral diseases, in particular, bacterial stomatitis.

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