Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of β-caryophyllene on Bacillus cereus

Natural products such as essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites that can be obtained from either plant or animal sources or produced by microorganisms. Much attention has been given to exploring the use of secondary metabolites as natural antibacterial agents. This study investigates the antibacterial activity and mechanism of β-caryophyllene, a compound that can be found in various EOs, against Bacillus cereus. The minimum inhibitory concentration of β-caryophyllene against B. cereus was 2.5% (v/v), whereas killing kinetics of β-caryophyllene at minimum inhibitory concentration recorded complete bactericidal activity within 2 hours. Zeta-potential measurement in the cells treated with half the minimum inhibitory concentration of β-caryophyllene at 1.25% (v/v) showed an increase in the membrane permeability surface charge to –3.98 mV, compared to untreated cells (–5.46 mV). Intracellular contents leakage of UV-absorbing materials was detected in the cells treated with β-caryophyllene. Additionally, β-caryophyllene does not interfere with the efflux activity of B. cereus via the ethidium bromide influx/efflux activity. The results revealed that β-caryophyllene was able to alter membrane permeability and integrity of B. cereus, leading to membrane damage and intracellular content leakage, which eventually caused cell death.

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INFLUENCE OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY MARINE FUNGI

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i5.22152 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 112-118

Author(s):

Anuhya G. ◽

Jyostna V. ◽

Aswani Kumar Yvv ◽

Bodaiah B. ◽

Sudhakar P.

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Marine Fungi ◽

Mineral Salts ◽

Potato Dextrose Broth ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

Objective: Our study aimed to characterize and optimize the physico-chemical properties which render the high yield of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine fungi and its antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens.Methods: Bioactive secondary metabolites extracted from marine fungi of Nijampatnam mangroves, Guntur district Andhra Pradesh, India. By using different solvent systems, secondary metabolite was screened for antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogen, Optimization of cultural conditions for maximizing the yield of biomass and compared the yield in different broth media and minimum inhibitory concentration of the optimised compound done for both compounds.Results: fungal extracts GAPS-1 and GAPS-2 was affectively extracted in ethyl acetate. Isolated compound showed antibacterial activity highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and least to Pseudomonas. Maximum yield of the compound was achieved in modified potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium containing 20% w/v Potato 2% w/v Dextrose broth containing1% w/v glucose and sucrose,1% w/v beef extract and ammonium chloride and 0.01 % mineral salts(MGSO4 and MNSO4) at 25 Â°C and 30 Â°C and pH 7.0 and 8.0 with 144 h of incubation period. The yield was observed maximum in potato dextrose broth compared to czapek dox broth, sabaraudâ€™s broth and nutrient broth and minimum inhibitory concentration of the optimized compound ranges from 250 Î¼g for gaps-1 and 300 Î¼g for gaps-2.Conclusion: Secondary metabolite yield maximum in potato dextrose broth and its potential anti-bacterial activity needs further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.

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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Culture of the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ004

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17120710 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 710 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hai-Xia Liao ◽

Tai-Ming Shao ◽

Rong-Qing Mei ◽

Guo-Lei Huang ◽

Xue-Ming Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Etoac Extract ◽

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Mic Value ◽

Potent Inhibitory Activity

Two new polyketides, 8-O-methylnodulisporin F (1) and nodulisporin H (2), two new naphthoquinones, 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6,7-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3) and 5-hydroxy-2-methoxynaphtho[9–c]furan-1,4-dione (4), and a new naphthofuran 1,3,8-trimethoxynaphtho[9–c]furan (5), along with five known compounds 4-O-methyl eleutherol (6), 2-acetyl-7-methoxybenzofuran (7), (-)-orthosporin (8), diaporthin (9), and 6-hydroxymellein (10), were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii HJ004. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analyses, while the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons were established based on experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 4 and 7 displayed a potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with the IC50 values of 5.7 and 1.1 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 to 12.5 μg/mL. Compound 3 exhibited antibacterial activity against B. cereus with the MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL.

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In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.04.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (04) ◽

pp. 4512

Author(s):

Jackie K. Obey ◽

Anthoney Swamy T* ◽

Lasiti Timothy ◽

Makani Rachel

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

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In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v4i1.4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Bashir ◽

I Yusuf ◽

AS Kutama

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Test Organism ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daging Buah Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera Casturi) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Bacillus Cereus

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v49i2.4682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

Meliana Meliana ◽

Sogandi Sogandi ◽

Ekajayanti Kining

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan which has only been used for consumption because of its distinctive taste and aroma. Mangifera indica, which is in the same genus as Mangifera casturi, shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activity, so it is suspected that this plant has the same activity. Crude methanol extract from the meat of Casturi mango was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water. Testing for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The positive control used was Chloramphenicol because it has an antibacterial range that is rather broad and the negative control used was 10% DMSO. The fraction that had the greatest antibacterial activity was the ethyl acetate fraction; with the formation of a clear zone of 7.98mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7.52mm against Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2mg/mL. The next test was a cell leakage analysis which revealed an increase in absorbance at MIC 1 and MIC 2. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results from the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoide content, with the highest compound concentration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Keywords: Antibacterial, Extract, Ethyl acetate, fraction, Mangifera casturi Abstrak Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk dikonsumsi karena rasa dan aromanya yang khas. Mangifera indica yang masih satu genus dengan Mangifera casturi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, antijamur, dan antidiare sehingga diduga tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Ekstrak kasar metanol daging buah mangga kasturi difraksinasi dengan menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol-air. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan kadar hambat minimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby- Bauer). Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Chloramfenikol karena memiliki spektrum antibakteri yang cukup luas dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 10%. Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 7,98mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 7,52mm terhadap Bacillus cereus dengan kadar hambat minimum 2mg/mL. Uji selanjutnya adalah uji kebocoran sel yang menyatakan adanya peningkatan absorbansi pada KHM 1 dan KHM 2. Hasil pemeriksaan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dari fraksi etil asetat menyatakan adanya kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida dengan senyawa tertinggi yaitu 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak, Etil asetat, Fraksi, Mangifera castur

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A bioactive diterpene; Nasimalun A from Croton oblongifolius Roxb.

Prayogik Rasayan ◽

10.53023/p.rasayan-20170906 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kanchana Wijesekera

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Cell Line ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Croton Oblongifolius

A clerodane type diterpene, nasimalun A was isolated from a dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Croton oblongifolius Roxb. Nasimalun A showed moderate cytotoxicity toward MOLT- 3 cell line with IC50 value of 26.44 µg/mL. Furthermore, nasimalun A showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50, 12.5, and100 μg/mL for Bacillus cereus and both Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively.

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Two New Piperazine-Triones from a Marine-Derived Streptomycetes sp. Strain SMS636

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17030186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiuli Xu ◽

Jiahui Han ◽

Rui Lin ◽

Steven Polyak ◽

Fuhang Song

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Methicillin Resistant

Two new piperazine-triones lansai E and F (1, 2), together with four known secondary metabolites lansai D (3), 1-N-methyl-(E,Z)-albonoursin (4), imidazo[4,5-e]-1,2,4-triazine (5), and streptonigrin (6) were isolated from a deep-sea-derived Streptomycetes sp. strain SMS636. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compound 4 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 6 displayed significant antibacterial activities against S. aureus, MRSA and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) with MIC values of 0.78, 0.78 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively.

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Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus Venom

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida ◽

Saudy Consepcion Flores-Aguilar ◽

Liliana Mireya Aguilar-Castro ◽

Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo ◽

Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Hemolytic Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

First Time

Rattlesnakes have venoms with a complex toxin mixture comprised of polypeptides and proteins. Previous studies have shown that some of these polypeptides are of high value for the development of new medical treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms. A direct field search was conducted to obtain Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venom samples. These were evaluated to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the techniques of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hemolytic activity was also determined. Antibacterial activity was determined for treatments (Crotalus triseriatus 2) CT2 and (Crotalus ravus 3) CR3, obtaining a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50 µg/mL and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT1 (Crotalus triseriatus 1), CT2, and CR3 presented hemolytic activity; on the other hand, Crotalus ravus 4 (CR4) did not show hemolytic activity. The results of the present study indicate for the first time that Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms contain some bioactive compounds with bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be used as alternative treatment in diseases caused by this pathogenic bacterium.

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Inclusion Complexes of Concentrated Orange Oils and β-Cyclodextrin: Physicochemical and Biological Characterizations

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5109

Author(s):

Cynthia Torres-Alvarez ◽

Sandra Castillo ◽

Eduardo Sánchez-García ◽

Carlos Aguilera González ◽

Sergio Arturo Galindo-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Inclusion Complexes ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis

Concentrated orange oils (5x, 10x, 20x) are ingredients used in different industries as components of flavors and aromas due to their great organoleptic qualities. This research focuses on the search for alternative uses for their application through encapsulation in inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β–CD). Inclusion complexes of concentrated orange oils (COEO) and β–CD were developed by the co-precipitated method in ratios of 4:96, 12:88, and 16:84 (w/w, COEO: β–CD). The best powder recovery was in the ratio 16:84 for the three oils, with values between 82% and 84.8%. The 20x oil in relation 12:88 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (89.5%) with 102.3 mg/g of β–CD. The FT-IR analysis may suggest an interaction between the oil and the β–CD. The best antioxidant activity was observed in the ratio 12:88 for the three oils. The antifungal activity was determined for all the inclusion complexes, and the 10x fraction showed the highest inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in ratios 12:88 and 16:84. Antibacterial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and was found at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL in ratios 12:88 and 16:84 for 5x and 20x oils.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Metabolites from the Marine Fungi Penicillium sp. Isolated from Sediments of Co To Island, Vietnam

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24213830 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 3830

Author(s):

Hong Le ◽

Quynh Do ◽

Mai Doan ◽

Quyen Vu ◽

Mai Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

E Coli ◽

Strong Inhibitory Effect

Marine microorganisms are an invaluable source of novel active secondary metabolites possessing various biological activities. In this study, the extraction and isolation of the marine sediment Penicillium species collected in Vietnam yielded ten secondary metabolites, including sporogen AO-1 (1), 3-indolecarbaldehyde (2), 2-[(5-methyl-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methoxy]ethanol (3), 2-[(2R-hydroxypropanoyl)amino]benzamide (4), 4-hydroxybenzandehyde (5), chrysogine (6), 3-acetyl-4-hydroxycinnoline (7), acid 1H-indole-3-acetic (8), cyclo (Tyr-Trp) (9), and 2’,3’-dihydrosorbicillin (10). Their structures were identified by the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data. Among the isolated compounds, 2-[(5-methyl-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methoxy]ethanol (3) showed a strong inhibitory effect against Enterococcus faecalis with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 32 µg/mL. Both 2-[(2R-hydroxypropanoyl)amino]benzamide (4) and 4-hydroxybenzandehyde (5) selectively inhibited E. coli with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 16 and 8 µg/mL, respectively. 2’,3’-Dihydrosorbicillin (10) potentially inhibited α-glucosidase activity at a concentration of 2.0 mM (66.31%).

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