scholarly journals Simplicia and Extracts Standardization from Jualing Leaves (Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn.) from South Kalimantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
Herwina Dita Lestari ◽  
Arnida Arnida ◽  
Agung Sriyono
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Jualing (Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn.) is a plant from South Kalimantan that has the potential to be developed as natural medicine. This study aims to establish standardization which includes specific and non-specific parameters of M. minutum leaf simplicia and extracts from three growing locations, namely Banua Botanical Garden, Sultan Adam Forest Park, and Forest Areas with Specific Objects of Rantau, South Kalimantan. The method of setting standardization parameters refers to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and General Standard Extracts Parameters. Organoleptic standardization of simplicia is brownish-green, has a distinctive odor, has a bitter and slightly spicy taste. Microscopic observations showed the presence of stomata, cell walls, cytoplasm, calcium oxalate crystals, upper epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, cortex, xylem, phloem, lower epidermis, and trichomes. Water content test showed the results of 21.9-22.07%; ethanol extract content of 12.87-13.17%; drying losses 4.64-4.84%; total ash content of 6.04-6.14%; acid insoluble ash content 1.13-1.19%; Pb levels of 0.022-0.025 mg/kg; Cd levels of 0.017-0.020 mg/kg; and Hg levels <0.0004 mg/kg. Extract standardization shows thick green-black, thick-smelling extract and bitter taste. Micromelum minutum leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, anthraquinones, phenols, and glycosides. Thin Layer Chromatography profiles show the similarity of chemical compounds in each growth location. Other parameters are extract yield of 8.08-8.32%; moisture content of 6.07-6.27%; total ash content of 4.22-4.27%; and acid insoluble ash content 1.11-1.12%. All standardization parameters meet the requirements in the Media Materia Indonesia and the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Control Center.

scholarly journals Simplicia Characterization And Phytochemical Screening Of Secondary Metabolite Compounds Ethanol Extract Of Trembesi Leaves (Samanea saman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Zamharira Muslim ◽  
Heti Rais Khasanah ◽  
Yopita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
Descriptive Method

Trembesi plant (Samanea saman) is a plant that has the potential as traditional medicine. People in using medicinal plants often do not know the chemical content of these plants, so that in determining the amount of dosage, people only rely on experience and estimates. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. Research on the characterization of trembesi leaf simplicia has never been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of trembesi leaf simplicia including specific and non-specific characteristics. The research is carried out in the form of experiments in the laboratory. The sample used is trembesi leaves. The research stages started from discovery, making simplicia, extraction, specific and non-specific characteristics. In the phytochemical test, ethanol extract of trembesi leaves was used. Data analysis used is descriptive method. Specific results showed trembesi leaf simplicia has a coarse powder form, distinctive odor, tasteless, green in color, and on microscopic results of trembesi leaf simplicia powder there is starch, fragments in the form of epidermis, water soluble extract content 11.93%, ethanol soluble essence 18, 93% and contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins. The results of non-specific characteristics are 8.07% water content, 7.91% ash content and 0.29% acid insoluble ash content.     

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Study and Antioxidant Activity of Mundar (Garcinia forbesii King.) leaves from Banua Botanical Gardens of South Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
Dina Noor Kamali ◽  
Arnida Arnida ◽  
Normaidah Normaidah ◽  
Agung Sriyono
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Parameter Test

Mundar (Garcinia forbesii King.) is a plant from South Kalimantan. This plant has chemical contents that have potential as medicine. The purpose of this study is to provide a pharmacognostic picture of a specific, nonspecific and determine the antioxidant activity of G. forbesii leaves. Specific parameters include organoleptic, microscopic testing, thin-layer chromatography profiles, and phytochemical screening. Nonspecific parameters include total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, drying loss, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method based on IC50 values. Specific parameter test results are green powder, characteristic odor, and sour taste. Microscopic tests showed stomata, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, cell walls, xylem, phloem, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and cuticles. Garcinia forbesii leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and steroids. The TLC profile showed good separation of polar eluents, and yellow spots appeared after spraying DPPH reagents. The non-specific parameter test is the total ash content of 6.52�0.1%; acid insoluble ash content 1.06�0.08%; drying shrinkage 6.43�0.38%; water-soluble extracts 34.3�0.3%; and ethanol-soluble extracts 23.47�0.35%. Ethanol extract of G. forbesii leaves has antioxidant activity with IC50 of 65.7 ppm. Pharmacognostic study fulfills the requirements, and G. forbesii leaves extract has strong antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Pidada Merah (Sonneratia caseolaris L)

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Eka Siswanto Syamsul ◽  
Supomo ◽  
Siti Jubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Extract Content

Research on red Pidada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) which is a mangrove plant with antioxidant potential has been carried out. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization and activity of red Pidada leaf extracts and fractions as antioxidants. The results of the simplicia characterization were: water-soluble extract content of 11%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 16%, water content of 9%, ash content of 8.17%, and acid insoluble ash content of 0.48%. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antioxidant activity was determined by the IC50 (Inhibition Concentration) value. The results showed that the ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 24.22 ppm (very strong), n-hexane fraction 88.18 ppm (strong), ethyl acetate fraction 15.39 ppm (very strong), and ethanol fraction 38.41 ppm (very strong) Keywords: Sonneratia caseolaris L., antioxidants, DPPH, IC50

scholarly journals Extraction And Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract And Simplicia of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) From Sidikalang, North Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2076
Author(s):  
Ricky Andi Syahputra ◽  
Ani Sutiani ◽  
Pasar Maulim Silitonga ◽  
Zulmai Rani ◽  
Amelia Kudadiri
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

Moringa leaf is a plant that has many uses that comes from the family Moringaceae and it is a tropical plant that is familiar to Indonesian people. Pharmacologically, this plant extract is reported to have antimicrobial and fungicide and it is rich in antioxidants. This metabolite compound contained in Moringa leaves has the potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, functional and others. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves and to determine the secondary metabolites contained in Moringa leaves, both Moringa leaf powder and Moringa leaf extract. The method of this research is experimental including the simplicia making and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves by maceration method, simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The results of the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves for ethanol soluble extract content was 10,9% and water-soluble extract content was 15,8%, ash content was 9,6% and acid insoluble ash content was 0,6% and water content was 8%. The results of this study also showed that the simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves contained flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, steroid and saponin.

scholarly journals The Potency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract as Hair Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Imam Budi Putra ◽  
Nelva K Jusuf ◽  
Imam Bagus Sumantri
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

INTRODUCTION: Hair is one of the organs and crowns for all people. Hair loss will really bother for most people. One of the plants that can be used as hair growth is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to find the potency of H. rosa-sinensis leaves ethanol extracts as hair growth. METHODS: In this research, simplicia and extracts were made from hibiscus leaves using ethanol as a solvent. Simplicia and extracts were tested for phytochemical screening and characterization of each. The extract obtained was tested in vivo with animals test by observing mouse’s hair growth for 25 days of observation. RESULTS: Simplicia and ethanol extract of Hibiscus leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids/terpenoids. The characteristics of Hibiscus leaves simplicia and extract had water content (9.71% vs. 10.65%), water-soluble extract content (19.91% vs. 27.58%), ethanol-soluble extract content (37.86% vs. 49.51%), total ash content (7.96% vs. 9.46%), and acid-insoluble ash content (0.78% vs. 1.28%). In vivo testing with animals, ethanol extract of Hibiscus leaves had an effect as a hair growth until the 25th day with an average concentration of 2.5% (14 mm), 5% (16 mm), and 10% (19 mm). DISCUSSION: The extract of Hibiscus leaves that showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, steroids, protein, tannin, and amino acids. The presence of active constituents such as flavonoids and tannins may be responsible for hair growth activity. CONCLUSION: The ethanol extracts of H. rosa-sinensis leaves can increase hair growth, at optimum concentrations of 10% extract.

scholarly journals Uji Efek Kombinasi Amoksisilin Dengan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Konsep baru untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri resisten adalah dengan kombinasi antibiotika dengan ekstrak herbal. Ekstrak daun sirih memiliki aktivitas anti bakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus kerena daun sirih mengandung metabolit sekunder. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih dengan amoksisilin, perlu diuji untuk mengetahui efek antibaktreri masing-masing dibandingkan dengan kombinasinya. Mengetahui karakteristik dan skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak daun sirih serta uji aktivitas anti bakteri kombinasi amoksisilin dengan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini meliputi ekstraksi serbuk simplisia dengan maserasi, Karakterisasi simplisia untuk mengetahui kadar air, kadar sari larut dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total dan kadar abu tidak larur asam, serta skrining fitokimia simplisia dan ekstrak daun sirih serta uji aktivitas anti bakteri kombinasi amoksisilin dengan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk simplisia daun sirih memiliki kadar air 3,66%; , kadar sari larut dalam air 22,54%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 14,65%, kadar abu total9,25% dan kadar abu tidak larur asam 1,03%. Komponen kimia pada simplisia dan ekstrak etanol serbuk daun sirih adalah flavonoid, tannin, saponin dan steroid. Ekstrak etanol serbuk daun sirih menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing pada KHM 8 mg/ml dan 9 mg/ml. Amoksisilin menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing pada KHM 5 g/ml dan 10 g/ml dengan diameter zona hambat 6,83mm dan 7,05 mm. Diameter zona hambat terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus meningkat ketika bakteri uji dipaparkan dengan kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih dengan amoksisilin. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Amoksisilin dengan Ekstrak etanol daun sirih menunjukkan efek yang sinergis. A new concept to treat resistant bacterial infection is using antibiotic combination with herbal extract. Betel leaves extract has an anti-bacteria activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus since it contains secondary metabolite. Betel leavesextract combination with amoxicillin is needed to be tested to find evaluatetheiranti-bacteria effects and compare with its combination. By finding the characteristics and phytochemical screening simplicia and the betel leaves extract and also the anti-bacteria activity of amoxicillin combination with betel leaves to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research covered extraction of simplicia powder using macerationmethod. The simplicia characteristics were conductedto determinethe water content, dissolved extract content in water, dissolved extract content in ethanol, total ash, and the acidic undissolved ash, and also the phytochemical screening of simplicia and the betel leaves extract and also the anti-bacteria activity of amoxicillin combination with betel leaves to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using diffusion method using paper disc method. The result indicated that the betel leaves powder simplicia had 3.66% of water content, 22.54% of dissolved content extract in water, 14.65% of dissolved content extract in ethanol, 9.25% of ash content, and 1.03% of acidic undissolved ash content. The chemical components in simpliciaand ethanol extract of betel leaves were flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid. The ethanol extract of betel leaves inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with MIC of 8 mg/ml and 9 mg/ml. Amoxicillin inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with MIC of5 g/ml and 10 g/ml with diameter of inhibition zone of 6.83 mm and 7.05 mm, respectively. The diameter of inhibition zone towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increased when the bacteria exposed to the combination of betel leaves ethanol extract and Amoxicillin. The research indicated that Amoxicillin combination with betel leaves ethanol extract showed synergistic effect.

scholarly journals THE CARACTERIZATION THE CARACTERIZATION OF SIMPLISIA AND EXTRACT OF CLOVE LEAVES (Syzigium aromaticum Merr. Et Perry L) FOR HERBAL MOUTHWASH ACTIVE INGREDIENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Wirnawati Wirnawati ◽  
Ika Ayu Mentari ◽  
Nur Sholeh Aryodi Pernando
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
Layer Chromatography

One of the oral and dental diseases that is often experienced by most people is dental caries. Clove leaves (Syzygium Aromaticum Merr. Et Perry L) have compounds that can prevent the activity of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans which is the cause of dental caries. This research is non experimental which focuses on the characterization of clove leaves. Characterization of simplisia and sample extracts include organoleptic observation, microscopy, phytochemical screening using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), determination of soluble substances in certain solvents (ethanol and water), total ash content, water soluble ash content, insoluble ash content in acid, then drying shrinkage test. The results of the organoleptic test for simplisia and extract of clove leaf showed that they have a dark brown color, specific aromatic odor, spicy and bitter taste. Clove leaf extract has a brownish black color, aromatic odor and has a bitter and pungent taste. Microscopic test of simplisia of clove leaves showed that there was a mesophyll includes palisade tissue, with calcium oxalate crystal, anomistic type stomata, identification fragments are fragments of the lower epidermis with stomata. The results of the percentage of soluble substances of simplisia and ethanol extract of clove leaf were 50% and 40%, the percentage of soluble substances of simplisia and ethanol extract of clove leaf were 1.73% and 4.33%. The percentage of total ash content of simplisia and ethanol extract of clove leaf 11.4% and 22%, the percentage of water soluble ash content of simplisia and extract was 16.9%, 17.5%. Percentage of insoluble ash content of simplisia acid and extract 9.5% and 10.5%. Shrinkage of simplisia and extracts were 7.6% and 11.46%.

scholarly journals Standardization of Simplicia and Ethanol Extract of Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) Rhizome

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Arnida Arnida ◽  
Maulidia Maulidia ◽  
Amalia Khairunnisa ◽  
Sutomo Sutomo ◽  
Faisal Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Specific Odor ◽  
General Standard

Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin) has been shown to have antimalarial and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to standardize simplicia and extract of L. articulata by determining the value of its specific and non-specific parameters. A sampling of L. articulata rhizome was carried out in Guntung Manggis, Haur Gading, and Halat. The standardization method used was based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the General Standard Parameter of Extract. The organoleptic observations showed that L. articulata simplicia was reddish-brown in color, chelated taste, and had a specific odor. Microscopic observation showed parts of this plant: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, parenchyma, bundle vessels, and scalariform vessels. Ethanol-soluble extract content was 10.00-12.66%, water-soluble extract content 8.03-10.87%, drying shrinkage 7.10-7.33%, total ash content 2.03-2.52%, acid-insoluble ash 0.33-0.42%, Pb content 5.698-9.989 ppm, Cd content 0.300-0.500 ppm, Hg content 0.070-0.090 ppm. Ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The yield obtained was 8.05-11.23%, total ash content was 1.58-1.67%, acid-insoluble ash was 0.23-0.33%, and water content was 7.10-8.50%. Standardization of simplicia and ethanol extract of L. articulata rhizome has met the criteria.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT, ETHYLE ACETATE FRACTION, N-HEXAN FRACTION OF SOFO-SOFO LEAVES (Acmella cf) Against Propionibacterium acnes AND Staphylococcus epidermidis AS ANTIBACTERIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Eva Diansari Marbun ◽  
Alfi Sapitri ◽  
Vivi Asfianti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Extract Content

Sofo-sofo leaves are traditional medicinal plants that have been known by the Nias people to cure fever, coughs, diarrhea and antimicrobial infections on the skin surface. The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction Sofo-sofo leaf (Acmella cf) against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplicia powder was characterized and phytochemical screening was performed. Furthermore, it was isolated using 96% ethanol solvent and fractionated with  n-hexane and ethylacetate to obtain extracts. Then test the antibacterial activity of each extract against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis by using a diffusion method disc paper. The research results obtained water content 5.66%, water soluble extract content 27.33%, ethanol soluble extract content 13.61%, total ash  content 14.39%, and  acid insoluble ash content 6.25%. The highest antibacterial activity was given by ethylacetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.4 ± 0.2) compared to ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (21.06 ± 0.85) and 2% concentrated n-hexane extract (19.36 ± 0.16) against the Propionibacterium acne bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 2% (23.24 ± 0.23), ethanol extract with a concentration of 2% (16.36 ± 1.76) and n-hexane extract at a concentration of 2% (15.36 ± 0 , 11) against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The  antibacterial activity results were analyzed by the one way ANOVA test method. Based on these results it can be concluded that there are differences between treatment groups, which is indicated by a significant value <0.05.

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