Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer Polivinil Pirolidon dan Etil Selulosa terhadap Karakteristik dan Uji Penetrasi Formulasi Transdermal Patch Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L)

The transdermal patch can deliver the active substance with good bioavailability, then made formulations of such preparations from dayak onion extract, which has a compound content of flavonoids, with a combination of polymer PVP K30 and ethyl cellulose to produce transdermal patches with good physical evaluation and penetration. The research aims to carry out the effect and ideal formulation of transdermal patches of dayak onion extract with a combination of polymers PVP K30 and ethyl cellulose based on physical evaluation and penetration—manufacture of transdermal patches using the solvent evaporation method. Physical evaluation includes organoleptic testing, weight uniformity, thickness, folding resistance, and moisture testing. Then evaluate the penetration of the active substance using Franz diffusion cells. Analyze data with One Way ANOVA. The physical evaluation results of weight uniformity, patch thickness, folding resistance, and moisture test of transdermal patches on F1, F2, F3, and F4 meet the requirements. As for the results of penetration tests, F1, F2, F3, and F4 can be penetrated from 120 minutes to 180 minutes with the concentration of active substances that are linearly penetrated. The combination of polymers PVP K30 and ethylcellulose has affected the physical evaluation of transdermal patches of dayak onion extract. Based on the physical evaluation and penetration test in vitro obtained, the most optimal formula results are F3 with comparison PVP K30 and ethyl cellulose (100:300).

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Ethyl Cellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Blended Methotrexate-Loaded Transdermal Patches: In Vitro and Ex Vivo

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13203455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 3455

Author(s):

Muhammad Shahid Latif ◽

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Asif Nawaz ◽

Sheikh Abdur Rashid ◽

Md. Habibur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Ethyl Cellulose ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Percent Moisture ◽

Vitro Release

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have become innovative, fascinating drug delivery methods intended for skin application to achieve systemic effects. TDDSs overcome the drawbacks associated with oral and parenteral routes of drug administration. The current investigation aimed to design, evaluate and optimize methotrexate (MTX)-loaded transdermal-type patches having ethyl cellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) at different concentrations for the local management of psoriasis. In vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were carried out for the formulated patches. Various formulations (F1–F9) were developed using different concentrations of HPMC and EC. The F1 formulation having a 1:1 polymer concentration ratio served as the control formulation. ATR–FTIR analysis was performed to study drug–polymer interactions, and it was found that the drug and polymers were compatible with each other. The formulated patches were further investigated for their physicochemical parameters, in vitro release and ex vivo diffusion characteristics. Different parameters, such as surface pH, physical appearance, thickness, weight uniformity, percent moisture absorption, percent moisture loss, folding endurance, skin irritation, stability and drug content uniformity, were studied. From the hydrophilic mixture, it was observed that viscosity has a direct influence on drug release. Among all formulated patches, the F5 formulation exhibited 82.71% drug release in a sustained-release fashion and followed an anomalous non-Fickian diffusion. The permeation data of the F5 formulation exhibited about a 36.55% cumulative amount of percent drug permeated. The skin showed high retention for the F5 formulation (15.1%). The stability study indicated that all prepared formulations had very good stability for a period of 180 days. Therefore, it was concluded from the present study that methotrexate-loaded transdermal patches with EC and HPMC as polymers at different concentrations suit TDDSs ideally and improve patient compliance for the local management of psoriasis.

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Enhancement of Skin Permeation of Glibenclamide from Ethyl Cellulose- Polyvinyl Pyrollidone based Transdermal Patches using Olive Oil and Mustard oil as Penetration Enhancer: In Vitro, Ex-Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation

Drug Delivery Letters ◽

10.2174/2210303105666150728205154 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 109-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vaibhav Rastogi ◽

Bentham Science Publisher Pragya ◽

Arvind Kumar ◽

Mayur Porwal ◽

Arun Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Ethyl Cellulose ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Penetration Enhancer ◽

Mustard Oil ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Transdermal Patches

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ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUG LOADED NIOSOMAL TRANSDERMAL PATCH FOR ENHANCED SKIN PERMEATION

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i2.27034 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shefrin S ◽

Sreelaxmi C. S. ◽

Vishnu Vijayan ◽

Sreeja C. Nair

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Burst Release ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Transdermal Patch ◽

Stability Studies ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Ex Vivo Permeation ◽

Permeation Studies ◽

Histopathological Studies

Objective: To formulate and characterize midazolam loaded niosomal transdermal patches for overcoming the frequent dosing and lower bioavailability complications associated with conventional therapy. Methods: The loaded niosomal transdermal patches were prepared by thin film hydration method. The preliminary evaluation and characterization studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies were also assessed. Results: The midazolam loaded niosomal transdermal patches of vesicle size and zeta potential 116.1±84.46 d. nm and 8.56±1.2 mV respectively was formulated. The characterizations of both niosome and niosomal transdermal patches were found to be within the acceptable limits. The in vitro drug release showed an initial burst release followed by sustained release for both optimised niosomal formulation N5 and optimised niosomal transdermal patch formulation NT5with a maximum activity at 97.3±0.35% and 98.9±0.20% respectively. The ex vivo permeation studies of niosomal transdermal patch NT5 was performed which showed a higher permeability than control solution with a flux value of 0.151. The histopathological studies of the optimised formulation showed no detectable lesions upon skin surface and irritations. The stability studies showed that patches were stable over 90 d in different atmospheric conditions. Conclusion: The midazolam loaded niosomal transdermal patch was found to be a promising nano drug delivery alternative which showed better entrapment, release with permeation profile for the daily management of epilepsy with decreased dosing frequency.

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FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TRANSDERMAL FLIM FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i5.35716 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

S. DHANALAKSHMI ◽

N. HARIKRISHNAN ◽

M. DEVI ◽

V. KEERTHANA ◽

VIJAYALAKSHMI

Keyword(s):

Transdermal Patch ◽

Diffusion Study ◽

Surface Ph ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽

Diffusion Studies ◽

In Vitro Diffusion ◽

Present Study Attempt ◽

Folding Endurance

Objective: In this present study attempt was made to formulate transdermal patches contains phytoconstituents. The naturopathy does not involve any adverse effects. Methods: Hibiscus rosasinensis aquous extracts was prepared. Transdermalpatches were prepared using drug with two different polymers. The prepared transdermal films were evaluated for their physiochemical characteristics such as physical appearance, weight uniformity, thickness, folding endurance; moisture content, surface pH, Tensile strength. The in-vitro diffusion study was carried out using rat membrane. These parameters indicates the successful release of drug from the fabricated patch. Results: With the overall observation it was concluded that the. Conclusion: Fabrication of transdermal patch is successfully worked and subjected to diffusion study. Diffusion studies are carried out by using a fresh rat membrane. Phosphate buffer (6.6) is used as a solvent. Samples are collected for 24 h and absorbance is measured by using UV spectrophotometer at 226 nm. It showed the successful release of drug from the fabricated patch.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF INDOMETHACIN CONTAINING PATCHOULI OIL AS NATURAL PENETRATION ENHANCER

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20926 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Asha Das ◽

Abdul Baquee Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Skin Irritation ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Transdermal Patch ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Enhancing Effect ◽

Transdermal Permeation ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽

The Matrix

Objective: To develop a transdermal patch of Indomethacin using patchouli oil as a natural enhancer to increase transdermal permeation of the drug from the matrix system across rat epidermis.Materials and Methods: The chemical characterization of patchouli oil was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Transdermal patches of indomethacin were formulated after studying the drug-excipient compatibility studies by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The transdermal patches were evaluated for various physiochemical properties. In-vitro transdermal permeation was carried using modified Keshary-Chein diffusion cell across rat epidermis. FTIR studies of rat epidermis were done to understand the mechanism of the permeation enhancing effect of the oil from the matrix patch.Result: The results of physiochemical parameters of the transdermal patch were found satisfactory. The transdermal flux obtained of the different concentration of patchouli oil tend to increase with increasing concentration of the oil and the maximum transdermal flux of 61.92 ± 0.89 μg/cm2/hr was obtained with formulation F7 (containing 1% w/v of patchouli oil) which is similar to the flux of the formulation F2 containing standard enhancer dimethyl sulphoxide. The skin irritation test did not show any edema and the FTIR data of rat epidermis indicated that patchouli oil enhances transdermal permeation of indomethacin by partial extraction of lipids in the stratum corneum.Conclusion: Thus, the results showed a potential enhancing effect of patchouli oil on the transdermal permeation of the model drug indomethacin and may be used as natural permeation enhancer in transdermal drug delivery systems.

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Development and Evaluation of Flupirtine Maleate Transdermal Patch Containing Different Permeation Enhancers

American Journal of PharmTech Research ◽

10.46624/ajptr.2021.v11.i5.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Release Profile ◽

Transdermal Patch ◽

Permeation Enhancers ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

In Vitro Permeation

The present study was aimed at the formulation of transdermal patches of flupirtine maleate containing different permeation enhancers. It acts indirectly as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and activates the K+ channels; thereby acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Flupirtine maleate transdermal patches are intended to provide localized effect. The patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the polymer whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the permeation enhancers. Methanol was used as a solvent to dissolve the drug and glycerol was used as the plasticizer. These patches were evaluated for in vitro permeation, tensile strength, percent moisture absorption, drug content uniformity, film thickness, weight variation and folding endurance. All the patches showed extended release properties. Formulation FDD8 containing 8% polymer and 2% DMSO was found to be the optimized formulation on the basis of evaluation parameters. In vitro permeation release was found to be 95.71 ± 0.01% at the end of 12 h. As the concentration of DMSO increased, the release profile of drug was enhanced. This indicated that DMSO improved the release profile of flupirtine maleate when compared to PEG-400. The release kinetics of the transdermal patches followed Higuchi matrix model. The stability studies showed that all the optimized patches were stable during their study period. From the present study, it can be concluded that addition of DMSO yields good result to enhance the permeation of the drug. Keywords: flupirtine maleate, transdermal patch, permeation enhancers, dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, polyethylene glycol PEG-400, polyvinyl alcohol PVA.

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EVALUASI IN VITRO-IN VIVO FILM TRANDERMAL DILTIAZEM HCL DENGAN PENINGKAT PENETRASI PEG 400 SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERTENSI

JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik ◽

10.31942/jiffk.v16i01.2922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yulias Ninik Windriyati ◽

Risha Fillah Fithria ◽

Fitria Dwi Kurniawati ◽

Ulfa Risalatul Mukaromah

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Penetration Enhancer ◽

Transdermal Patch ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Transdermal Patches ◽

Diltiazem Hcl

ABSTRACTDiltiazem HCL is an antihypertensive that low oral bioavailability of 40%, so developed to transdermal preparations. A matrix type of transdermal patch of diltiazem HCl was prepared using polyvinyl alcohol and ethyl cellulose with PEG 400 as penetration enhancer. In vitro-in vivo evaluation were conducted to asses drug permeation through the skin and determine the effectiveness of transdermal film as an antihypertensive drug. Transdermal patches of diltiazem HCl were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, moisture uptake, and drug content. In vitro permeation study was conducted using commercial semi permeable membrane in Franz diffusion cell. In vivo activity study was evaluated on male rat Wistar that induced NaCl with CODA non-invasive blood pressure method. Transdermal patches of diltiazem HCl were found no significant differences in terms of physicochemical characteristics. The in vitro skin permeation profiles showed increased flux values with the increase of PEG 400 as a penetration enhancer. The in vivo evaluation showed a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure within one hour after the drug administration. Diltiazem HCl was able penetration into skin, absorbed in blood circulation and effective as antihypertensive via transdermal route.Keywords : antihypertension, diltiazem HCl, PEG 400, transdermal patch

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Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Patches for Inhibiting Crystallization of Mefenamic Acid

Journal of Drug Delivery ◽

10.1155/2017/7358042 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jirapornchai Suksaeree ◽

Patsakorn Siripornpinyo ◽

Somruethai Chaiprasit

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Mefenamic Acid ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Different Types ◽

Crystallization Inhibitor ◽

Franz Diffusion Cells ◽

Matrix Patches ◽

Pvp K30

The crystallization of mefenamic acid in transdermal patch is a major problem that makes the patch unstable and decreases the drug release. The additive was used to inhibit crystallization of a mefenamic acid. Among the different types of additives, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and PVP K90 were studied and found to be highly effective in inhibiting the crystallization of the drug. The PVP presented as a solubilizer agent for mefenamic acid in matrix patches at the different ratio between drug : PVP, 1 : 2 and 1 : 2.5 for using PVP K30 and 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 2 for using PVP K90. The characterizations showed the homogeneous patches without the crystal form of the mefenamic acid in matrix patches. The release profiles of the mefenamic acid from the patches were investigated by Franz diffusion cells. Over the first 1 h, the release behavior of mefenamic acid from the patches obviously increased when PVP was used as a crystallization inhibitor. However, the ratio between drug : PVP K90 at 1 : 2 was found to be the most effective in increasing the drug release from patch. Thus, the PVP could be used as a crystallization inhibitor for mefenamic acid in matrix patches which will increase the drug release.

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