scholarly journals The impact of cultural capital on undergraduate students’ performances in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

The main goal of this study is to verify the effect of cultural capital on students’ performances through the student´s grade on ENADE (a specific test applied to students in the first year and last year in the undergraduate courses). The data set used is from the year of 2008 and involves 824.804 students. The standard test is applied each year. Along with the test a questionnaire is applied to identify students’ demographic characteristics as well as their families’ profile. The research question is: what is the impact of cultural capital on students’ performances in the ENADE test controlling for their demographic characteristics? The theoretical background is based on James Coleman (1997), Pierre Bourdieu (1982, 2007) and Basil Bernstein (1997). Among Brazilian scholars the study includes the ideas of Nelson Silva and Carlos Hasenbalg (2000) and Maria Ligia Barbosa (2009). The study model has as the dependent variable the students’ grades in the ENADE test and the cultural capital as the main independent variable along with the control variables. Descriptive analyses are used as well as regression models to obtain the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results show that there is significant association between levels of cultural capital and students’ performances in the ENADE test. Specifically, there is a significant and positive correlation between parents’ education, ownership of computer, access to the internet and newspaper reading with the performances in the ENADE test.

“When I get older, I wanna be an entrepreneur”: the impact of disability and dyslexia on entrepreneurial self-efficacy perception

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Powers ◽  
Séverine Le Loarne-Lemaire ◽  
Adnane Maalaoui ◽  
Sascha Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship for people with disabilities through a better understanding of the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy perceptions on entrepreneurial intentions in populations with lower levels of self-esteem. It investigates the entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy of a population of students suffering from dyslexia, which is a learning disability.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the study of a data set of 796 male and female adolescents in the USA, aged 13–19 years, both with and without dyslexia. The sample is a convenient one. The whole sample replied to the questionnaire on their self-efficacy perception and their intention to create, one day, their own venture. They also self-declare their dyslexia. Regressions have been conducted to answer the research question.FindingsResults show that having dyslexia has a negative impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy perceptions. They also reveal that self-efficacy perceptions mediate the relationship between dyslexia and entrepreneurial intentions and their three antecedents (social norms, control behavior and perceived ability).Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is composed of students from private schools and might socially be biased.Practical implicationsOur findings relaunch the debate on the necessity to develop education programs that consider the personal-level variables of students, specifically the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy among adolescents with disabilitiesSocial implicationsSuch findings should help to better understand students who are suffering from dyslexia and help them find a place in society and economic life.Originality/valueThis is so far the first study that has been conducted on dyslexic adolescents.

scholarly journals Using propensity for pre-diagnosis behavior as a predictor of cancer survival time: an example in esophageal cancer.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Patrick Fahey ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Glenn Stone ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Information on the associations between pre-diagnosis health behavior and post-diagnosis survival time in esophageal cancer could assist in choosing treatments and planning health services but can be difficult to obtain using established study designs. We postulated that, with a large data set, using estimated propensity for a behavior as a predictor of survival times could provide useful insight as to the impact of actual behavior. Methods: Data from a national health survey and logistic regression were used to calculate the propensity of selected health behaviors from participant’s demographic characteristics for each esophageal cancer case within a large cancer registry data base. The associations between survival time and the propensity of the health behaviors were investigated using Cox regression. Results: Observed associations include: a 0.1 increase in the probability of smoking one year prior to diagnosis was detrimental to survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.19,1.23); a 0.1 increase in the probability of hazardous alcohol consumption 10 years prior to diagnosis was associated with decreased survival in squamous cell cancer (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07, 1.56) but not adenocarcinoma (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94,1.25); a 0.1 increase in the probability of physical activity outside the workplace is protective (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.81,0.84). Conclusions: We conclude that propensity for health behavior estimated from demographic characteristics can assist in determining existence of the association between pre-diagnosis health behavior and post-diagnosis health outcomes, allowing some sharing information across otherwise unrelated data collections.

scholarly journals Influence of Coronavirus on Consumer Behaviour in the Ecological Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Andrea Seberíni
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Thinking Differently ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world as we know it. People are living differently, buying differently and in many ways, thinking differently. This study takes the lead of research by trying to answer the following research question:  How does the coronavirus impact consumer behaviour in the ecological context? The paper begins with a presentation of the concept of consumer behaviour, its theoretical background and definition, and then discusses the question of the pandemic and its socio – economic effects on the consumer. Next, the paper presents a study on consumer behaviour in the era of the pandemic. Finally, it analyses the impact of consumer behaviour in the era of the pandemic on the environment.

Cultural Impacts on National Innovativeness: Not Every Cultural Dimension Is Equal

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Deckert ◽  
Rahel M. Schomaker
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

National innovativeness is one key driver of economic development. The relation of national innovativeness and national culture has been firmly established by research. Cultural factors, however, influence national innovativeness via different mechanisms on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level of a country. In our article, we build on existing research on the link between cultural dimensions and national innovativeness to develop a new model that classifies different cultural dimensions in groups according to their mechanism: political, social, or individual (PSI-model). Using a newly established data set composed of world data, we test and find support for this model using a variety of regression models. The PSI-model provides a more structured theoretical background of the impact of different cultural dimensions on national innovativeness, especially with regard to social practices and social values. It can be used to generate policy recommendations on national innovativeness and offers further applications in fields related to the various impacts of national culture.

scholarly journals A Study on Cultural Capital and High-Risk Behaviors of College Students in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Samaneh Naseri
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe term cultural capital has gained a widespread popularity as an analogy with economic capital, and capitalism rules and debates since the early 1970s. Essentially, cultural capital is not inherited, yet it is achieved through personal endeavors. Acquisition of cultural capital demands an incessant and hard work in addition to lifelong learning and acculturation. Hence, the present study examines the relationship between forms of cultural capital and high-risk behaviors of Iranian college students. The impact of each form on the incidence of high-risk behaviors is measured. A survey consisting demographical items, and items assessing cultural capital and tendency towards high-risk behaviors are applied. The results suggest a meaningfully negative relationship between sub-types of cultural capital and high-risk behaviors among undergraduate students in Iran. So, the author concluded that with an increase in cultural capital and the sub-types, the incidence of high-risk behaviors decreases consequently.

Economics applicants in the UK labour market

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Drydakis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate whether job applicants who have obtained a BSc in economics from 15 UK universities face different labour market prospects. The author examines whether university entry standards and Russell Group membership affect UK economics applicants’ occupational access and entry-level annual salaries when unobserved heterogeneities, such as ability, motivation, family characteristics and networks, are minimized. Design/methodology/approach – The author evaluate the research question by recording the job search processes of 90 British economics applicants from randomly selected universities. The key elements of the approach are as follows: third-year undergraduate students apply for early career jobs that are relevant to their studies. Applications are closely matched in terms of age, ethnicity, experience and other core characteristics. Differential treatment in the access to vacancies and entry-level annual salaries per university applicant are systematically measured. Findings – By observing as much information as a firm does, the estimations suggest that both entry standards and Russell Group membership positively affect applicants’ labour market prospects. Although the firms cannot evaluate by themselves whether graduates from highly reputable universities are more or less capable and motivated than graduates from less reputable universities, it appears that the university attended affects firms’ recruitment policies. Importantly, valuable variables that capture firms’ and jobs’ heterogeneities, such as occupational variation, regions, workplace size, establishment age, and the existence of trade unions and human resources, are also considered and provide new results. Practical implications – Understanding the impact of entry standards and university reputation on students’ labour market outcomes is critical to understanding the role of human capital and screening strategies. In addition, obtaining accurate estimates of the payoff of attending a university with a high entry threshold and reputation is of great importance not only to the parents of prospective students who foot tuition bills but also to the students themselves. Furthermore, universities will be interested in the patterns estimated by this study, which will allow recent UK economists to evaluate the current employment environment. In addition, universities should be keen to know how their own graduates have fared in the labour market compared with graduates of other universities. Originality/value – In the current study, the author attempt to solve the problem of firms’ seeing more information than econometricians by looking at an outcome that is determined before firms see any unobservable characteristics. In the current study, ability, motivation, family characteristics and networks cannot affect applicants’ access to vacancies and entry-level salaries. The current study can estimate the effect of university enrolment on applicants’ occupational access and entry-level salaries, controlling for unobserved characteristics that would themselves affect subsequent outcomes in the labour market.

scholarly journals State Health Insurance Regulations and the Price of High-Deductible Policies

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Kowalski ◽  
William J. Congdon ◽  
Mark H. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
State Health ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
State Health Insurance ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of state health insurance regulations on the price of high-deductible family and individual polices in the nongroup market. We use a unique and rich data set on actual insurance policies sold through a large Internet health insurance distributor to examine the impact of various regulations on policy prices, controlling for policy characteristics, demographic characteristics of the purchasers, and state-level demographics. We also use data from a single major insurance firm that provided offer prices for a family policy from a set of randomly selected zip codes. Both datasets suggest a strong statistical relationship between regulation and insurance prices.

scholarly journals Prototype Semantic Analysis of Abstract and Concrete Concepts Among Jordanian and American Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Ajaleen ◽  
Rajai Al-Khanji
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
American Students ◽  
To Come ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concrete Concept

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which culture may play a role in constructing the prototypical structure of every daily life concepts. Two concepts were investigated in this study: an abstract concept (freedom) and a concrete concept (drinks). The sample of the study comprised two distinct cultures, Jordanians and Americans, who are undergraduate students. To come up with the findings, the researchers carried out two experiments. The first experiment aimed at examining the impact of culture on generating semantic features and examples of the target concepts. The second one investigated the effect of culture on rating the prototypicality of the generated features and examples. To answer the first research question, the researcher calculated the frequency and the percentage of each response. The researcher used the SPSS to answer the second research question. The researcher used the t-test for independent samples (Jordanians and Americans) to calculate the means and the standard deviations in order to examine any possible significant differences that may result from cultural difference. Briefly, the findings showed that culture affected, to a considerable extent, the processes of generating and prototypicality rating of the examples and features of the target concepts.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between entry requirements and throughput rates for honours students

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Murray
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Average Mark ◽  
Undergraduate Study ◽  
New Students ◽  
The Impact

In order for a student to enrol in an honours programme at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), a weighted average mark for their final year of undergraduate study must exceed a particular threshold value. Students are then ranked according to this weighted average mark, with entry into the honours programme offered on a top-down basis, within the constraints of teaching resources and space. A proposal has been made at UKZN to remove existing barriers for entry into an honours programme, i.e. to allow entry to any student who has completed a 3-year undergraduate degree with a major in that discipline. The impact of such a decision was investigated. By lowering the requirement for entry into an honours programme, one is expected to predict how a new cohort of students will perform. Apart from obviously having a lower weighted average mark for their final year of undergraduate study, these new students may also differ in other unobservable ways which need to be accounted for. In a regression modelling context, one is asked to predict outside the range of a collected data set. A Heckman selection model was used to account for a possible self-selection bias that may arise because the subpopulation for which a prediction is required (namely those new students who will now be able to enter an honours programme), may be significantly different from the population of UKZN undergraduate students who are currently permitted entry to an honours programme.

Assessing the impact of students’ activities in e-courses on learning outcomes: a data mining approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damijana Keržič ◽  
Aleksander Aristovnik ◽  
Nina Tomaževič ◽  
Lan Umek
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Student’S Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to study the relationship between students’ activities in the e-classroom and grades for the final exam. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Administration, University of Ljubljana among first-year undergraduate students. In the e-classroom, students learn new content for individual self-study, and their knowledge is checked with quizzes. Design/methodology/approach In the empirical study, the relationship between performance in quizzes and at the final exam was studied from two perspectives. First, successful and unsuccessful students (in terms of quizzes) were compared. Second, the Orange data mining software was used for two predictive modelling tasks. The research question was based on a student’s quiz performances, is it possible to predict whether the student will pass an exam and will the student’s grade for the exam be good. Findings The empirical results indicate a very strong connection between a student’s performance in quizzes and their score for the final exam in the course. Significant differences in performance were found between students who had completed most quizzes and those who had not. Moreover, the results highlighted which quizzes, in other words topics, are most important for passing an exam or obtaining a better grade. Therefore, the quality of individual study in the e-classroom positively influences a student’s performance. Originality/value The paper is the first to assess the impact of students’ activities on learning outcomes in undergraduate public administration programmes by applying a data mining approach.

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