scholarly journals Wizerunek kobiety dojrzałej w reklamie prasowej kosmetyków

2011 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Anna Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Promotional Message

The paper shows the world of the elderly through the eyes of the creators' advertising messages. The author assumes that advertising leads to the formation, strengthen and reinforce the stereotypical thinking about social groups and roles. Advertising as mass communication at the moment is treated as an extension of the socialization process, aligning and strengthening the existing cultural patterns. The results of qualitative researches go beyond the current approach to the image of older people in advertising. Exploratory analysis were subjected to advertising messages, in which the woman's age has been an important promotional message. It is assumed that the age is a matter of particular importance from the point of view of shaping the identity of the conteporary woman. It's important that image of elderly people in advertising is associated not only with its perception by the individual, but also by others. Advertising has great interest and willingness to reflect on the natural process of human aging. This mass message displays, which is characteristic of a particular sex, as falls do in a given age, as one should look at the situation. Characteristics and behaviors ascribed to a particular sex or age, in@uence, either positive or negative response to a person, both by themselves and by the others. Certain image of the elderly has an impact on our level of optimism, mood and actions of people of all ages.

scholarly journals La publicidad desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austríaca

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-250
Author(s):  
Jorge García Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Austrian Economics ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Austrian School Of Economics ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

In this paper I will try advertising from the point of view of the School of Austrian Economics. To do this, I will analyze the Mises’s comments in Hu-man Action about commercial propaganda, and also school important theo-ries, such as the Business Function, Dynamic Efficiency or Evolutionary Theory of Social Institutions. The aim is to check what relationship may be between these theories and the different definitions given about Advertising terms by some of the most important publishers of the moment. At the same time, it is intended to check whether advertising can be consistently explained with the Austrian theory. The Austrian School of Economics brings a human and real vision to the economical science, in which the individual and his actions are taken into account, starting all economic analysis from methodological individ-ualism, as are the individuals who by their actions give shape to the society. Thanks to the multidisciplinary approach of the school one can perfectly under-stand the development of advertising. The spectacular increase in the market has caused that the number of companies offering products and services con-stantly grows, this growth binds a process of constant competition which has led the advertising to a continually evolve. This explanation of advertising, ac-cording to the Austrian School, fully agrees with the view of some of the lead-ing advertisers. In turn, this article is a direct criticism of the political propagan-da, in which the results cannot be experienced freely by society and whose consequences are disastrous for social coexistence, the peaceful development of the cooperation and coordination of the company and all necessary human progress. Following the study, it concludes that advertising can be perfectly studied from the point of view of the Austrian School of Economics, which al-lows not only understand the economic benefits of advertising but also the dangers of political propaganda. Key Words: Advertising, Political Propaganda, Creativity, Competence Resumen: En este trabajo voy a tratar la publicidad desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía. Para ello, analizaré los comentarios de Mises en la Acción Humana sobre la propaganda comercial, así como impor-tantes teorías de la escuela, como la de la Función Empresarial, la Eficiencia dinámica o la Teoría Evolutiva de las Instituciones Sociales. El objetivo es com-probar qué relación puede haber entre dichas teorías y las distintas definicio-nes dadas sobre términos publicitarios por algunos de los más importantes publicistas del momento. A su vez se pretende comprobar si con la teoría austriaca puede explicarse la publicidad de forma coherente. La Escuela Aus-triaca de Economía aporta una visión humana y real a la ciencia económica, en la cual el individuo y sus actos son tenidos en cuenta, partiendo todo el análisis económico desde el individualismo metodológico, puesto que son los individuos los que con sus actos dan forma a la sociedad. Gracias a la visión multidisciplinar de la escuela puede entenderse perfectamente el desarrollo de la publicidad. El aumento espectacular dado en el mercado ha hecho que el número de empresas oferentes de productos y servicios crezca constantemen-te, a este crecimiento se une un proceso de competencia constante que ha provocado que la publicidad vaya evolucionando continuamente. Esta explica-ción de la publicidad, acorde con la Escuela Austriaca, coincide plenamente con la visión de algunos de los más destacados publicistas. A su vez, en este artículo se realiza una crítica directa a la propaganda política, cuyos resulta-dos no pueden experimentarse libremente por la sociedad y cuyas consecuen-cias son nefastas para la convivencia social, el desarrollo pacífico de la coo-peración y coordinación de dicha sociedad y todo el necesario progreso humano. A raíz de lo estudiado, se concluye que la publicidad puede estudiar-se perfectamente desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía, lo cual permite no solo comprender las ventajas económicas de la publicidad sino también los peligros de la propaganda política. Palabras clave: Publicidad, Propaganda política, Creatividad, Competencia

scholarly journals “WOULD YOU BE SO KIND NOT TO WITHHOLD MY APPLICATION”. THE 1920-S RABFAK STUDENTS' PROBLEMS REFLECTED IN THEIR APPEALS TO THE AUTHORITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
E. S. Studenikina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Student Transfer ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

Workers’ faculties (rabfak) began their work to help the workers and the poorest countrymen in gaining necessary knowledge for admission to higher educational institutions. The article examines the moment of the rabfak establishment from the point of view of students who wrote to the authorities. The analysis of letters helps us trace milestones in students’ lives, such as entering workers’ faculties, studies, graduation, along with the related problems. Most of the letters to the authorities dealt with the students’ personal problems and their involvement into getting proper education, without considering systemic issues, such as inefficient learning in some institutions or the lack of students with a certain specialization. Students’ letters also help us look more closely at the problems of rabfak students, especially since those letters are rarely allocated into individual cases; much more often they are mixed with the appeals of students and/or other citizens to certain authorities. Partially, the topics contained in the letters were the subject of a wide public discussion of the 1920s (overload of educational and social work, difficult living conditions, the need to work additionally, etc.); others concerned the individual situation of a particular student: transfer to another university for family reasons, disappointment in the profession, etc. The letters give an idea not only about the peculiarities of studying at the workers’ faculty, but also about the student life of that time, relations between students, and the perception of the higher education system by young people as well

Manipulative techniques of the media as a tool for managing the masses

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
I. Pomanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Manipulative Techniques

The greatest minds of antiquity laid the foundation for the science of persuasion, that is, an ability to persuade the listener to a given point of view. The sophists were particularly successful in this. The works of the classics show how complex the process of persuasion is. To convince means to make you believe that you are right. The relevance of the study of this topic is due to the rapidly increasing influence of the media on the modern society formation and management of the masses. Taking into account a fairly large number of publications, the problem is not studied in detail, despite the fact that technologies are rapidly developing. The steady interest of researchers in this problem is determined by its significance in society. The object of the study is manipulation in management. The subject of the study is media techniques as a tool for mass management. Method of argumentation is citation of references. The objectives of the study are to characterize the manipulative techniques of the media; describe management technologies; classify manipulation tools. The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of using manipulative media technologies as a management tools and to consider the practical implementation’s forms of this phenomenon. The research methodology is based on the principle of objectivity, universal connection and development. Research methods. The research was based on traditional general scientific methods; methods of induction, deduction, and interpretation have been actively used. Conclusion. Manipulation appears as a socio-psychological phenomenon aimed at a person. At the same time, the tools of manipulation are ideas, forms, techniques, and methods. Manipulative influence in the framework of mass communication takes the form of commercial and political propaganda. The media sets the tone in public discussions and disputes. The influence of mass media on the modern society functioning is rapidly increasing. Manipulative technologies used to influence public consciousness are very diverse. They provide a great variety of opportunities for the formation and strengthening of values, attitudes, and behaviors. For the purposes of communicative influence, the media actively use traditional technologies and create new ones that allow opening up great opportunities for manipulation. This phenomenon is the object of the scientists’ close attention. It is concluded that the media use a wide range of manipulative technologies: both traditional and innovative. They allow you to influence both the individual and the society as a whole in order to control the public consciousness and introduction of specified behaviors into it. The development of manipulative media techniques allows the authorities to introduce the necessary attitudes to the masses

FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
G. Akan ◽  
◽  
S. Rakhimzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stable Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

This article deals with the training of future specialists in higher education institutions in accordance with the development of society and the requirements for the individual, the student. As it is known, due to the increased requirements for the level of training of future specialists in higher education institutions, the social demand for future specialists is quite high, both for themselves and for the individual. In addition, the formation of motivation for professional training of students in higher educational institutions was considered from the point of view of a stable orientation and motivation system. In the process of professional training, personal development is carried out. The formation of a professional personality begins from the moment of choosing a profession and continues throughout life. Many competitions have shown that the formation of professional training of students in teaching English in higher education institutions is not profitable without motives, needs and interests. Therefore, motives, needs and interests are considered as structural components of motivation.

Sjöström, Victor David (1879–1960)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo J. Torres Hortelano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Final Performance ◽  
Representations Of Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wild Strawberries

Victor Sjöström (also known as victor Seastrom) was a Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor. He is, with Mauritz Stiller, the joint founding father of Swedish cinema and a pioneer of silent film art. His first worldwide success, Ingeborg Holm (1913), was a drama heralding what would be the hallmarks of his cinema: a strong sense of truth, a refined form of expression (he studied painting in his youth), slow pacing, representations of nature enveloped in violent mysticism, but also a strong sense of realism exemplified by Strejken [The Strike] (1914), for some scenes were shot during a real strike. In 1915 he initiated his golden age: Terje Vigen [A Man There Was] (1916), Berg-Ejvind och hans hustru [The Outlaw and his Wife] (1918) and Ingmarssönerna [Sons of Ingmar] (1918). These works are full of flashbacks, daring camera movements, crossfades and point-of-view shots which denote a free modernist narrative. One of the last films he made before leaving for Hollywood due to the crisis in Swedish cinema was the fantasy drama Körkarlen [The Phantom Carriage] (1921). After a difficult period adapting to the United States, he filmed, true to his style, what is probably his masterpiece: The Wind (1928) with Lillian Gish. Although it was a commercial failure, he discovered his favorite subject: the individual struggle against a hostile universe sustained by love and faith. He never made a ful transition to the talkies, so after some minor movies, he devoted himself to acting. His final performance was as the elderly professor in Ingmar Bergman’s Smultronstället [Wild Strawberries] (1957).

Can we educate a genius? Deliberations on the margins of the writings of Nietzsche

2017 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gurczyńska-Sady
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Process

The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.

scholarly journals Powstawanie autowizerunku w  kontekście biografii medialnej i  rozwoju technologii

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Annette Siemes
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Shifting Baselines ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Change Concerns

The emergence of autoimage in the framework of media biography and technology developmentThe article deals with the phenomenon of “shifting baselines” in the field of media reality, looking exemplary at the process of the emergence of image concerning persons working in science. Due to the dynamic change of the structure of media offers and media technology in the last decades, manners of researching and finding information have been changing for a long time. In a broader but the same framework, change concerns also media biographies — the apparently individual CV concerning the moment of first contact, knowledge about, ways of use and attitudes to media offers and media technology, that this CV is however interdependent with the belonging to a certain generation. The described development has an effect on the process of construction/emergence of social-communicational reality, world views and other — we are dealing with the phenomenon of “shifting baselines” — the changing of fundamental ideas that build the basis for observing the world from the point of view of the individual. The text looks into those issues by means of an exemplary analysis of empiric material, showing a certain problem that deserves further and broader investigation.

scholarly journals VARIABLES SOCIOEMOCIONALES Y BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EN PERSONAS MAYORES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Heriberto Javier Rodríguez-Mateo ◽  
Elena Díaz Negrín ◽  
Ana María Torrecillas Martín ◽  
Isabel María Luján Henríquez ◽  
Raquel Irene Rodríguez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico

Abstract.The study of well-being is especially interesting in the case of the elderly, located at a vital time when limiting life in a quantitative sense is more evident, in which the disease and disorders are more likely to increase, and in which the quality of life years left to live and their promotion is essential (Satorres, 2013). The psychological well-being is a broad concept that includes social dimensions, subjective and psychological as well as behaviors related to health in general, that lead people to work in a positive way. The term happiness is too ambitious; however the individual subjective well-being (BIS) allows to measure the degree of happiness or satisfaction that, in general terms, predominates in each according to his own point of view. On the other hand, the constructive thought, in their different scales and facets, are in reality variables socio emotional functions which enables us to face the world and reality. The research group of the ULPGC INDEPSI has conducted an investigation to relate these two constructs (constructive thought and subjective wellbeing individual) in a group with ages between 57 and 87 years (n=96) who receive university studies for older, using for this purpose the inventory of constructive thought emotional (Epstein, 2012) and the questionnaire BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 and 2000) that measure different aspects of happiness. The results indicate that the factors that attaches the happiness and unhappiness are of a different nature; that there are significant differences (p<0.05) between the valuation of the past and future happiness in comparison with the present and that having a good emotional coping and little suspicion are significant predictors of happiness.Key words: constructive thought, individual subjective well-being, elderly, variables socio emotional functions, happiness.Resumen.El estudio del bienestar  es especialmente interesante en el caso de las personas mayores, situadas en un momento vital en el que la limitación de la vida en un sentido cuantitativo es más evidente, en el que la enfermedad y  las disfunciones tienen más probabilidad de aumento, y en el que la calidad de los años de vida que quedan por vivir y su promoción es fundamental (Satorres, 2013). El bienestar psicológico es un concepto amplio que incluye dimensiones sociales, subjetivas y psicológicas, así como comportamientos relacionados con la salud en general, que llevan a las personas a funcionar de un modo positivo. El término felicidad es demasiado ambicioso; sin embargo el Bienestar Subjetivo Individual (BIS) permite medir el grado de felicidad o de satisfacción que, en términos generales, predomina en cada uno según su propio punto de vista. Por otro lado, el pensamiento constructivo, en sus distintas escalas y facetas, son en realidad variables socioemocionales que nos permite afrontar el mundo y la realidad. El grupo de investigación INDEPSI de la ULPGC ha realizado un estudio para relacionar estos dos constructos (pensamiento constructivo y bienestar subjetivo individual) en  un grupo con edades comprendidas entre los 57 y 87 años, (n=96)  que reciben estudios universitarios para mayores, usando para ello el Inventario de Pensamiento Constructivo Emocional (Epstein, 2012) y el cuestionario BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 y 2000) que mide distintos aspectos de la felicidad. Los resultados  nos indican que los factores por los que se atribuye la felicidad y la infelicidad son de distinta naturaleza; que existen diferencias significativas (p<0.05) entre la valoración de la felicidad pasada y futura en comparación con la actual,  y que tener un buen afrontamiento emocional y poca suspicacia son predictores significativos de la felicidad.Palabras claves: pensamiento constructivo, bienestar subjetivo individual, personas mayores, variables socioemocionales, felicidad.

scholarly journals Criminal offense and Facebook

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-485
Author(s):  
Stefan Petrašinović
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Common Situation

The development of modern internet technologies has provided numerous ways for mass communication of people. One of these ways is through social networks. With more than two billion users worldwide, Facebook is the most massive social network of today and a powerful tool for sharing a wealth of data, images and other materials through their profiles, which may even be publicly accessible to an indefinite number of individuals. With such capabilities, Facebook is a suitable tool for various abuses and for committing various offenses. It is a common situation for users to post different statuses, photos, snapshots through profiles, or post comments on statuses, photos or snapshots, of offensive content. From the point of view of our positive criminal law, the criminal protection of the honor and reputation of the individual, as intangible human values, is not in dispute in these situations. However, the question arises of the legal qualification of such incriminated conduct, that is, whether through these acts of the perpetrators the basic or qualified form of the offense of offenses referred to in Art. 170 of the Criminal Code, given the particular means of enforcement. The author points out the facts and circumstances that influence the legal qualification of the criminal offense of insult through Facebook, its appearance, as well as various possible ways of its realization by several persons.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
G. Akan ◽  
◽  
S. Rakhimzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stable Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

This article deals with the training of future specialists in higher education institutions in accordance with the development of society and the requirements for the individual, the student. As it is known, due to the increased requirements for the level of training of future specialists in higher education institutions, the social demand for future specialists is quite high, both for themselves and for the individual. In addition, the formation of motivation for professional training of students in higher educational institutions was considered from the point of view of a stable orientation and motivation system. In the process of professional training, personal development is carried out. The formation of a professional personality begins from the moment of choosing a profession and continues throughout life. Many competitions have shown that the formation of professional training of students in teaching English in higher education institutions is not profitable without motives, needs and interests. Therefore, motives, needs and interests are considered as structural components of motivation.

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