scholarly journals Physical proximity and innovation collaboration of the Polish small and medium knowledge-intensive enterprisese

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Runiewicz-Wardyn
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Physical Proximity ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Collaboration Process

Globalisation, with its rising global value chains and the complexity of innovationprocesses change the role of spatial distance in innovation activities. In the classicalcluster theories geographical proximity is seen as a necessary condition to share knowledgeand to enhance innovation collaboration. The recent literature, however, challenge this approachby claiming that the role played by spatial distance diminishes. The aim of this paperis to provide better understanding of the role physical and geographical proximities inthe innovation collaboration process. The paper presents the up-to date results on the roleof physical proximity in innovation collaboration process of the Polish knowledge intensiveSMEs. The study findings support the idea that physical proximity matters for the innovationinteractions, yet the geographical proximity is not a prerequisite for such collaboration.Moreover, the innovative interlinkages of the surveyed companies have more individualcharacter, and are equally determined by the companies technological profiles andsocial-individual connections.

scholarly journals The role of mediation resources in the operation and development of knowledgeintensive small and medium enterprises

2016 ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Tamás Köpeczi-Bócz ◽  
Mónika Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The University ◽  
Major Emphasis

Address social and economic processes of social capital system between universities and the business sector – because of their special and similar characteristics – major emphasis will be displayed. Knowledge-intensive companies would be hard to imagine functioning without established links with tertiary education institutions and universities can now functions would be unthinkable without displaying the corporate sector sectoral specificities of knowledge and strategies of the university. Because of the development of knowledge-intensive business activities based on innovation-oriented economic development which are specific to innovative SMEs, funding sources and opportunities. In a typical operating environment of innovation, with sectoral, spatial and temporal factors are constantly changing. These factors are decisive elements in the innovation opportunities, and through this indirectly the success of these enterprises. The resources involved in mediating the markets perceive a high risk to price this innovation activities and their funding. Under the study to try to answer that by optimizing the functions of universities, how and in what form they may have a role in mitigating financial risks.

Infrastructure, value chains, and economic upgrades

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xubei Luo ◽  
Xuejiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Right

Infrastructure development is critical to delivering growth, reducing poverty and addressing broader development goals, as argued in the World Bank Report Transformation through Infrastructure (2012). This paper surveys the literature of the linkages between infrastructure investment and economic growth, discusses the role of infrastructure in the participation of global value chains and in supporting economic upgrades, highlights the challenges faced the least developed countries and provides policy recommendations. It suggests that addressing the bottlenecks in infrastructure is a necessary condition to provide a window of opportunity for an economy to develop following its comparative advantage. With the right conditions, good infrastructure can support an economy, particularly a less developed economy, to reap the benefit through the participation in the global value chains to upgrade the economic structure.

Institutions and Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-398
Author(s):  
Jie (Jack) He ◽  
Xuan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Laws And Policies

Technological innovation is critical to a country's economic development and a firm's long-term success. This article reviews the recent literature that links institutions and innovation. Specifically, we focus on five aspects of the linkage. First, we discuss the literature that explores how the culture of a society or a corporation influences the process, features, and outcomes of innovation activities. Second, we review papers that focus on the role of demographic characteristics in innovation. Third, we describe studies examining the relation between market development and firms’ incentives as well as their ability to engage in innovative investments. Fourth, we discuss the literature on how innovation is shaped by a nation's laws and policies. Finally, we review the academic papers regarding the effects of government regulations and policies on innovation activities. Overall, this article aims to provide a synthetic and evaluative review of recent academic research that links various aspects of institutions and innovation. We also provide our views on potential directions for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Cooperative Strategies in the Age of Open Innovation: Choice of Partners, Geography and Duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Valeriya Vlasova ◽  
◽  
Vitaliy Roud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Cooperative Networks ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Cooperative Strategy ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Vertical Cooperation

In the era of open innovation, the choice of a cooperative strategy is one of the most significant factors determining the effectiveness of innovation activities. The authors investigate typical configurations of cooperative networks in Russian manufacturing, including the choice of partners, the role of spatial distance, and the duration of joint projects. Using the firm-level data (1324 in 2015 and 545 in 2018) the paper estimates the role of cooperation in the innovation outcomes in terms of innovation novelty and export capacity. The most common cooperative strategy is vertical cooperation that is the involvement of clients and suppliers in the process of innovation development. The geography of cooperation rarely extends beyond the region’s borders and is mostly of an irregular (short-term) nature. A small number of enterprises that engage in international cooperation tend to rely on long-term linkages with academia, which is a distinctive feature of the most innovative Russian companies, including also those involved in the creation and distribution of intellectual property.

The role of human resources in processes of portuguese firms’ RD&I certification and development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gomes ◽  
Vítor Braga ◽  
Alexandra Braga
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Innovation Activities

Innovation is seen as a competitive advantage that many companies use to ensure the continuity and success of your business.NP 4457:2007 is the Portuguese norm that supports management, based on a model of innovation backed up by interfaces and interaction between technical/scientific knowledge, its specific mechanisms and the overall society.Our paper aims to analyse innovation activities and the involvement of human resources in Portuguese firms certified by NP4457 and associated to the implementation of Research, Development, and Innovation (RD&I) management systems. We have collected the data through IPAC’s database, using a survey administered to all firms.Our results suggest the existence of a Human Resources (HR) involvement policy, customers and suppliers. The involvement of stakeholders with innovation activities results of its acceptance as a mechanism able to generate wealth, with benefits for both firms and the community.

The Non-Causal Character of Renormalization Group Explanations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Mathematical Explanation ◽  
Causal Status ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects

After reviewing some of the recent literature on non-causal and mathematical explanation, this chapter develops an argument as to why renormalization group (RG) methods should be seen as providing non-causal, yet physical, information about certain kinds of systems/phenomena. The argument centres on the structural character of RG explanations and the relationship between RG and probability theory. These features are crucial for the claim that the non-causal status of RG explanations involves something different from simply ignoring or “averaging over” microphysical details—the kind of explanations common to statistical mechanics. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of RG in treating dynamical systems and how that role exemplifies the structural aspects of RG explanations which in turn exemplifies the non-causal features.

The Temptations of Christ and Other Stories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonore Stump
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
God's Love ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines biblical narratives to illuminate the role of Christ’s passion and death in bringing a person to a life in grace. Reflection on the narratives shows that Christ’s passion and death are a most promising way for God to help a human person to the surrender which is the necessary condition for spiritual and moral regeneration. The stories of the temptations of Christ show the way in which Christ’s suffering and death are connected to justification and sanctification. A person’s ceasing to resist the grace of God and surrendering to God’s love is the pinnacle on which her salvation has to stand. If we focus on this necessary condition for salvation, we can see the reason for Christ’s suffering. What can be gained by weakness that could not be gotten through power is the melting of a heart accustomed to willed loneliness and hardened against joy.

scholarly journals An International Review to Characterize the Role, Responsibilities, and Optimal Setting for Health Literacy Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110254
Author(s):  
Madeline Spencer ◽  
Nenagh Kemp ◽  
Vaughan Cruickshank ◽  
Claire Otten ◽  
Rosie Nash
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Literacy Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
International Review ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Role Responsibilities ◽  
The Life Course

Health literacy is a critically important determinant of health and is influenced by access to supportive social networks and services. Global investment in education throughout the life course is required to support health literacy development. The aim of this review is to characterize the role, responsibilities, and the optimal setting for the emergent role of a Health Literacy Mediator (HLM). A scoping review of recent literature was conducted. The review revealed a lack of consensus on who should be teaching health literacy, and variability in confidence when teaching health literacy. Professionals reported facing barriers such as a lack of time, a lack of knowledge, and recognized that the health literacy needs of children worldwide are not being met. Further research into the role of HLM is required to determine who is best suited to this role and what their responsibilities will be to ensure consistent health literacy education.

scholarly journals Who’s Afraid of Adversariality? Conflict and Cooperation in Argumentation

Topoi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Contextual Features

AbstractSince at least the 1980s, the role of adversariality in argumentation has been extensively discussed within different domains. Prima facie, there seem to be two extreme positions on this issue: argumentation should (ideally at least) never be adversarial, as we should always aim for cooperative argumentative engagement; argumentation should be and in fact is always adversarial, given that adversariality (when suitably conceptualized) is an intrinsic property of argumentation. I here defend the view that specific instances of argumentation are (and should be) adversarial or cooperative to different degrees. What determines whether an argumentative situation should be primarily adversarial or primarily cooperative are contextual features and background conditions external to the argumentative situation itself, in particular the extent to which the parties involved have prior conflicting or else convergent interests. To further develop this claim, I consider three teloi that are frequently associated with argumentation: the epistemic telos, the consensus-building telos, and the conflict management telos. I start with a brief discussion of the concepts of adversariality, cooperation, and conflict in general. I then sketch the main lines of the debates in the recent literature on adversariality in argumentation. Next, I discuss the three teloi of argumentation listed above in turn, emphasizing the roles of adversariality and cooperation for each of them.

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