scholarly journals Economic policy and security of Australia in the short term until 2025

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Sprengel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Future

According to the predictions, the scale and rate of economic processes that are aboutto come in the next decades of the 21st century will be substantial. A further growth ofAustralia’s importance is to be expected in the long term. The whole region of Asia, including Australia, has become interesting for politicians, entrepreneurs and researchers.In the 21st century, Australia has grown to be a significant player in the global economicpolicy. It seems that the economic future of the world will depend on the developmentof the countries in Asia. The economic situation in Australia will arguably change assome countries in that region have reached a satisfactory level of production and sharein their developed economy. Economic presumptions delineate an optimistic view ofthe income’s growth in the next decade in Australia. The statistics published by reliableboth national and international institutions are helpful in unraveling economic issues,which allow to portray the bright future of Australia until 2025. It seems that the regionaleconomic development will lead to a significant economic revival. The following issuesconcerning the economic policy and its results have been chosen in order to conductan analysis: GDP per capita, economic growth, demography, the input of nations andregions in the world’s production and the contribution of Australia in the world’s trade.The substantial number of inhabitants (over a half of the globe’s population) in this region is at the same time a serious proportion of consumers. The ongoing transformationin the life of those countries is the effect of education, communication and technologydevelopment. Thereupon, due to the economic and social development of the region,Australia will become its beneficiary and solidify its economic position.

Is Guyana a new oil El Dorado?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Panelli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Political ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract The Co-operative Republic of Guyana has become one of the most interesting and dynamic oil producing countries in the world at the start of the 21st century. The country already holds 5 billion barrels of proved reserves, which will certainly grow with new discoveries. Exxon leads a consortium of four companies that have the concession of the Stabroek Block (Liza Field), where nine discoveries have been made so far. Five FPSOs will be operating in the future, one of which is due to arrive in Guyana before the end of 2019 and another is due for 2020. By then, the country will be producing 340,000 barrels a day. This production will double and then reach 1 million barrels a day before the end of the next decade. The challenges and opportunities regarding the Guyanese people are dire. The lack of proper infrastructure is certainly one of the biggest challenges. But it is important to stress that the oil proceeds will transform Guyana into the highest GDP per capita of South America. The political stage is also analysed, since political instability might raise concerns for long-term investors. The Venezuela–Guyana differences regarding the sovereignty of the Essequibo Region are again a cause for concern. Brazil is a key player in supporting the geopolitical stability of South America. Presidential elections will be held in 2019/2020: the dispute will probably be between the current President Granger and the Opposition candidate Irfaan Ali. Guyana has a lot to profit from the wealth brought by oil exploitation, but its people fear the risk of growing corruption.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

scholarly journals A VECM Analysis of the Relations the CPI, PPI, GDP Per Capita, Exchange Rate in the Republic of Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Revana I. Davudova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

Aims:  The study focuses on an empirical analysis of a macroeconomic indicators system,  that reflect the level and pace of a country's socio-economic development, such as CPI, PPI, GDP per capita, exchange rate, taking into account the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices  on the example Republic of Azerbaijan. Study Design:  The study consists of four sections. It includes Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusion. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 4 months of 2020 in the department of "Mathematical support of economic research" of the Institute of Economics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Methodology: Within the dynamic VEC model, taking into account the COVID19 pandemic and oil prices, the long-run and short-run effects of macro indicators system on each other were studied by means of causality, impulse responses and variance decomposition on the monthly statistics covering the period 2015M01-2020M07 for the Republic of Azerbaijan. Results: Calculations based on the established stable VEC (5) model revealed that there is a long-term causal relationship from the triad (CPI, PPI, Ex_Rate) to all endogenous variables. There are a short-term bi-directional causal relationship between CPI and GDP_Per_Capita and between PPI and Ex_Rate. From PPI and Ex_Rate to GDP_Per_Capita; from Ex_Rate to CPI, there are a unidirectional short-term causal relationship. Conclusion: Summarizing the results, we can write the following long-term expressions: the change   a) in the GDP_per_Cap is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; b) in the CPI is influenced by the GDP_per_Cap and PPI variables negatively, and Ex_Rate – positively; c) in the PPI is influenced by the Ex_Rate and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively, so that the negative influence of the CPI is greater; d) in the Ex_Rate is influenced by the PPI and CPI variables negatively, and GDP_per_Cap – positively. Has been also identified that the indicator PPI has a more negative effect on changes in GDP_per_Cap, CPI and Ex_Rate.

scholarly journals The Importance of Capital Controls in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Vu Tam Bang
Keyword(s):  
Capital Controls ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Short Term Investment ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper provides a simple theoretical framework on the restriction of short-term investments such as stocks, bonds, and other indirect investments while encouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) as a long-term investment. The theoretical results show that a developing country like Vietnam should maintain certain level of capital controls on short-term investments. The paper then provides an empirical study of the five ASEAN countries that are either in the negotiating process or willing to join the Trans-Pacific Economic Partnership with an emphasis on Vietnam. The empirical results show that FDI has positive effect on GDP per capita in these five countries as a group and as individual economies. In contrast, short-term investment has negative effect on GDP per capita in four economies with Singapore as the only exception.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

The Long-term Use of Short-term Debt around the World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yizhong Wang ◽  
Bohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
The World

scholarly journals From hierarchies to markets and partially back again in electricity: responding to decarbonization and security of supply goals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Paul L. Joskow
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Investment Incentives ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Electric power sectors around the world have changed dramatically in the last 25 years as a result of sector liberalization policies. Many electricity sectors are now pursuing deep decarbonization goals which will entail replacing dispatchable fossil generation primarily with intermittent renewable generation (wind and solar) over the next 20–30 years. This transition creates new challenges for both short-term wholesale market design and investment incentives consistent with achieving both decarbonization commitments and security of supply criteria. Thinking broadly about the options for institutional change from a Williamsonian perspective – thinking like Williamson – provides a useful framework for examining institutional adaptation. Hybrid markets that combine ‘competition for the market’ that relies on competitive procurement for long-term purchased power agreements with wind, solar, and storage developers, ideally in a technology neutral fashion, and ‘competition in the market’ that relies on short-term markets designed to produce efficient and reliable operations of intermittent generation and storage, is identified as a promising direction for institutional adaptation. Many auction, contract, and market integration issues remain to be resolved.

Convergence of GDP Per Capita Among Coffee Producing and Re-Exporting Countries in the World

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben M.J. Kadigi ◽  
Elizabeth Robinson ◽  
Sylvia Szabo ◽  
Rajabu KANGILE ◽  
Charles P. Mgeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Antonia Gkergki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth from 1968 to 2019 in Greece, by employing the vector error-correction model estimation. A series of econometric tests are employed concerning the stationary of the data, and the co-integration and the relationship among the variables during the long- and short-term. The em-pirical results suggest that there is no bidirectional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, GDP per capita does not affect the energy consump-tion of the three primary sources either in the long-term or the short-term. In other words, the economic crisis and its implications for GDP do not affect energy consumption, and they are not responsible for the considerable decrease in energy sources' consumption. On the other hand, the energy consumption of oil and coal negatively affect the GDP per capita. These re-sults are different from previous studies' conclusions for Greece; this is because the never been experienced before. These findings raise new research questions and also show the limi-tations of the Greek market, as it is regulated and controlled by the government.

scholarly journals Win-win or unequal exchange? The case of the Sino-Congolese cooperation agreements

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaan Marysse ◽  
Sara Geenen
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Investment Agreements

ABSTRACTThe recent involvement of China in sub-Saharan Africa is challenging and changing the world geostrategic scene. In the article, we analyse the agreements between the Congolese government and a group of Chinese state-owned enterprises. A number of public infrastructure works will be financed with Chinese loans. To guarantee reimbursement, a Congolese/Chinese joint venture will be created to extract and sell copper, cobalt and gold. These are the biggest trade/investment agreements that China has so far signed in Africa. This article seeks to contribute to the discussion regarding the agreement's impact on internal development in Congo. Does it create a ‘win-win’ situation for all, or is it an unequal exchange? We outline the internal and international debates and analyse several noteworthy characteristics of the agreements. In conclusion, we present a balanced view on the likely impact on Congo's short-term and long-term development.

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