scholarly journals Application of cross vortices, according the new Axioms and Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Longitudinal Motion ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Linear Processes ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Single Axiom ◽  
Em Field

This article reveals of an application of a theory of nonparametric and nonlinear processes. This theory is described by new axioms and laws which include 2 new axioms and 8 new laws. They were explained in previous reports by the same author. This new theory expands the Classic Field Theory which is about parametric and linear processes. The theory of new axiom and laws is a more general theory because it consists new philosophy as nonparametric decoding, new objects as an accelerating or a decelerating field and new forms of movement as transverse and longitudinal motion. In present report are used 2 axioms and 5 laws only. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom [1]. It states that the movement in a closed loop leads to evenly movement (with constant speed) of a vector E: div rot E = 0. The author changes this classic axiom with a new Axiom 1. According to the new Axiom1 the movement in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) leads to unevenly movement (with variable speed) of a vector E [2]. The subsequent results are: the evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement which can be decelerating or accelerating. According to subsequent laws: the cross vortex in 2D is transformed to a longitudinal vortex in 3D (transformation Δ1) and inversely (transformation Δ2); decelerating vortex emits free cross vortices to the environment; accelerating vortex sucks the same ones and so on. The electron is a model that contains a decelerating cross vortex from outside to inside and emits free cross vortices into the environment. The proton is a model that is generated by an accelerating cross vortex from inside to outside and sucks these the same free cross vortices from the environment. According to the Axiom 2 the decelerating (electron) and accelerating (proton) vortices form a resonant circle. In this circle they exchange their energy (accelerating and decelerating) along the real connection and exchange the mass of free vortices (emitted and sucked) along feedback. These free cross vortices then self-organize into something like primary dipoles which resemble electrons but in very smaller scale. The passive primary dipoles resemble electrons from the inner orbits of the atom which are contracted balls with a minimal polarization. This is the reason that these primary dipoles do not react to the amplitude of an applied external Electromagnetic Field. But they react instantly at high acceleration of the EM field. The reason is that the high acceleration strongly polarizes the passive primary dipole (ball), turns it to an active dipole (toroid) and directs it to the active pole of the EM field. In this article is described Nikola Tesla's approach about using of free cross vortices called” free energy”.

scholarly journals The Phenomena of Superconductivity, According to the New Axioms and Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Complex Vector ◽  
Single Axiom

The article describes the application of brand new field type through New Axioms and Laws. The present study uses Expanded Field Theory. It changes the Classic Field Theory to a much more general theory that consists of 2 new axioms and 8 laws. It was described from previous works of the same author .In this report is used only 2 axioms and 6 laws only. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom [1]. It states that the movement in a closed loop leads to evenly movement (with constant speed) of a vector E: div rot E = 0. The author change this axiom with a new one, according which the movement in an open loop or vortex leads to unevenly movement (with variable speed) of a vector E: div rot E ≠ 0, div V or E ≠ 0 for vortex [2]. The subsequent results are: the evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement which can be decelerating or accelerating; in 2D it exists a cross vortex and in 3D it exists a longitudinal vortex ;the cross vortex in 2D is transformed to a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a transformation Δ1; the longitudinal vortex in 3D is transformed to a cross vortex in 2D through special transformation Δ2; decelerating vortex emits free cross vortices to the environment that are called “free energy”; accelerating vortex sucks the same ones free cross vortices and so on. The vector E is not a simple .It turns to be a complex vector: E=A+iV, E=V+ iA or E=-A-iV, E= -V- iA. It can has or amplitude A in a real part, or velocity V as a real part. Cross vortices can form two kinds vortices: a vortex that is generated by amplitude A and the vortex that is generated by velocity V. Each of these may be accelerating or decelerating .Both of them are generators. They are prototypes of material particles. Due to the suction of cross vortices by the accelerating vortex the temperature decreases and due to the emitting of cross vortices by the decelerating field the temperature increases. Inside of the conductor the velocity of Electromagnetic field is constant. On the periphery it decelerates because of resistance to the wall of conductor. This report offers a specific application of the above theory. In order to understand the nature of superconductivity we have to t understand first the nature of conductivity by conductor. Then we can very easily model a superconductor by constructing it orthogonally on the conductor.

scholarly journals New Axioms and Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Complementary Pair ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices ◽  
Special Transformation ◽  
Single Axiom

This report contains 2 new axioms and 8 laws. It predicts to include except the Electromagnetic Field and other unknown and unexplored fields, for example the Gravity Field. As it is well known the Classic Field Theory is described mostly by Theory of Electromagnetic Field. The Electromagnetic Field is described by Maxwell’s laws (1864). The Maxwell’s laws are certified by a single axiom which claims that the movement of a vector E in a closed loop (div rot E = 0) is evenly. The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the movement of a vector E in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) is unevenly. If the vortex is in plane (2D), it is named a cross vortex. If the vortex is in volume (3D), it is named a longitudinal vortex. Something more- each vortex can be decelerating (div (VorE) <0) or accelerating (div(VorE)> 0). After the first axiom are obtained immediately 4 types of movements – cross vortex, which can be accelerating or decelerating and longitudinal vortex, which can also be accelerating or decelerating. The following results are obtained : evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop or vortex ; a cross vortex in 2D generates a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a special transformation and vice versa- the longitudinal vortex in 3D through another special transformation generates a cross vortex in 2D; the decelerating vortex emits primary vortices to environment, but the accelerating vortex sucks into the same primary vortices from environment; the accelerating longitudinal vortices are attracted to one another, as the faster vortex is inserted into the slower and thus form a funnel, which is the model of gravity funnel. It should be noted, in particular, the results of the second axiom. It claims that two complex (cross-longitudinal) vortex objects in 3D that work in one direction as one complementary pair, are existed simultaneously. This way they are obtained 2 pairs of complementary objects in both directions. As a final result are received many models with similar shapes and content. For example, the pair in one direction of complex complementary vortex objects is a model of the electron-proton chain, and in the opposite direction is an antiproton-positron chain model.

scholarly journals About the Phenomenon of Free Energy, Described by the New Axioms and Laws

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices ◽  
Single Axiom ◽  
New Type

I decided to follow the advice of the great Einstein and to try changing the way of thinking. The article describes brand new field type through new axioms and laws. The present study uses Expanded Field Theory. It changes the Classic Field Theory to a much more general theory that consists of two new axioms and eight laws. It was described from previous works of the same author. In this report is used only one (first) axiom and six laws. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single axiom [1]. It states that the movement in a closed loop leads to evenly movement (with constant speed) of a vector E: div rot E= 0. The author change this axiom with a new one, according which the movement in an open loop or vortex leads to unevenly movement (with variable speed) of a vector E: div rot E ≠ 0, div Vor E ≠ 0 for vortex [2]. The subsequent results are: the evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement which can be decelerating or accelerating; in 2D there is a cross vortex and in 3D there is a longitudinal vortex; the cross vortex in 2D is transformed to a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a transformation Δ1; the longitudinal vortex in 3D is transformed to a cross vortex in 2D through another special transformation Δ2; decelerating vortex emits free cross vortices to the environment that are called “free energy”; accelerating vortex sucks the same ones free cross vortices and so on. Cross vortices are visible to an external observer because they reflect the sun’s rays but longitudinal vortices are invisible because they diffract (do not reflect) sun’s rays. The vector E is not a simple .It turns to be a complex vector: E= A+iV, E=V+ iA or E= -A-iV, E= -V- iA. It can has or amplitude A, or velocity V as a real part. Cross vortices can form two kinds’ vortices: a vortex that is generated by amplitude A and the vortex that is generated by velocity V. Each of these may be accelerating or decelerating and both of them are generators. They are prototypes of material particles. Due to the suction of cross vortices by the accelerating vortex the temperature decreases and due to the emitting of cross vortices by the decelerating field the temperature increases. Inside of the conductor the velocity of Electromagnetic field is constant (v max=c). On the periphery it decelerates because of resistance to the wall of conductor .So an increase in the size of voltage leads only to an increase in the size of current but not to an increase in the velocity. This report offers a new type of field - accelerating field .It suck in free cross vortices that are called “free energy” from environment. The mechanism of Positive Feedback turns acceleration process to a generation process.

scholarly journals Expanded Field Theory. New Axioms, Laws and Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Complementary Pair ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices ◽  
Special Transformation ◽  
Single Axiom

The present study attempts to expand the Classic Field Theory to a more general theory of the field. This more general field theory is named Expanded Field Theory. This new theory contains 2 new axioms and 8 laws. It predicts to include the gravitational field and other unknown and unexplored fields. As it is well known the Classic Field Theory is described mostly by Theory of Electromagnetic Field. The Electromagnetic Field is described by Maxwell’s laws (1864). The Maxwell’s laws are certified by a single axiom which claims that the movement of a vector E in a closed loop (div rot E = 0) is evenly. The author replaces this axiom with a new one, according to which the movement of a vector E in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or an open vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) is unevenly. If the vortex is in plane (2D), it is named a cross vortex. If the vortex is in volume (3D), it is named a longitudinal vortex. Something more- each vortex can be decelerating (div (VorE) <0) or accelerating (div (VorE)> 0). After the first axiom are obtained immediately 4 types of movements – cross vortex , which can be accelerating or decelerating and longitudinal vortex , which can also be accelerating or decelerating. The following results are obtained : evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement (decelerating or accelerating); movement in a closed loop is replaced with movement in an open loop or vortex ; a cross vortex in 2D generates a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a special transformation and vice versa- the longitudinal vortex in 3D through another special transformation generates a cross vortex in 2D; the decelerating vortex emits primary vortices to environment, but the accelerating vortex sucks into the same primary vortices from environment ; the accelerating longitudinal vortices are attracted to one another, as the faster is inserted into the slower and thus form a funnel- this is the model of gravity funnel . It should be noted, in particular, the results of the second axiom. It claims that two complex (cross- longitudinal) vortex objects in 3D that work in one direction as one complementary pair, are existed simultaneously. This way they are obtained 2 pairs of complementary objects in both directions. As a final result are received many models with similar shapes and content. For example, the pair in one direction of complex complementary vortex objects is a model of the electron-proton chain, and in the opposite direction is an antiproton-positron chain model.

scholarly journals The Influence of Valve-Pump Weight Ratios on the Dynamic Response of Leaking Valve-Pump Parallel Control Hydraulic Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigang Ding ◽  
Jiyun Zhao ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Steve Wright ◽  
Yufeng Yao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Weight Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parallel Control ◽  
Valve Control

A new leaking valve-pump parallel control (LVPC) oil hydraulic system is proposed to improve the performance of dynamic response of present variable speed pump control (VSPC) system, which is an oil hydraulic control system with saving energy. In the LVPC, a control valve is operating at leaking status, together with a variable speed pump, to regulate the system flow of hydraulic oil simultaneously. Therefore, the degree of valve control and pump control can be adjusted by regulating the valve-pump weight ratio. The LVPC system design, mathematical model development, system parameter and control performance analysis are carried out systematically followed by an experimental for validation process. Results have shown that after introducing the valve control, the total leakage coefficient increases significantly over a wide range with the operating point and this further increases damping ratios and reduces the velocity stiffness. As the valve-pump weight ratio determines the flow distribution between the valve and the pump and the weight factors of the valve and/or the pump controls determines the response speed of the LVPC system, thus if the weight factors are constrained properly, the LVPC system will eventually have a large synthetic open-loop gain and it will respond faster than the VSPC system. The LVPC will enrich the control schemes of oil hydraulic system and has potential value in application requiring of fast response.

Essence of Electric Charge of elementary particles according of New axioms and Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Variable Velocity ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
External Observer ◽  
Closed Circle ◽  
The Waves

Two new Axioms and eight new Laws have been proposed and developed in previous reports. This report uses both axioms and only four laws. According to the first axiom (Axiom1), we can replace uniform motion in a closed circle with non-uniform motion in an open vortex. According to the second axiom (Axiom2), there are pairs of vortices that are mutually orthogonal or they tend to work in a system by a special type of resonance. Of all the variants of vortex pairs, the most probable is the pair: accelerating vortex from the center outwards connected with a delayed vortex from the periphery inwards. This pair is a model of the connected proton-electron pair. The behavior of a free electron and a proton in an Electromagnetic Field is studied. Actually like a cross vortex from outside to inside the electron will be directed to the positive pole. Therefore, an external observer who does not know what the internal structure of the electron is will think and will be deceived that the electron carries a negative charge. The exact opposite is observed for the proton. The properties of a system of linked electrons and protons are also studied. It is known that the Electromagnetic Field propagates at a constant speed and when pulsating the waves are only transverse. According to the new Axioms and Laws in the electron-proton system, the internal connections are of variable speed and when pulsating, the waves are not only transverse and longitudinal. Because the Electromagnetic field is only transverse at a constant speed , it appears that the interaction between the proton and the electron is not Electromagnetic but some other interaction. The interaction between the protons includes cross vortex with variable velocity and longitudinal vortex with variable velocity

scholarly journals Field Oriented Control of PMSM Supplied by Photovoltaic Source

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Mehimmedetsi Boudjemaa ◽  
Chenni Rachid
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Field Oriented Control ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Automated Processes

The Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is suitable for so much application, such as traction, aeronautics and generally in industrial automated processes. In our work, we will study the application of PMSM in renewable energies especially solar pumping. Our objective is to model the complete system, including the photovoltaic inverter, PMSM and the centrifugal pump under Matlab/Simulink environment. Solar panels generate electrical energy as direct current by direct conversion of solar radiation using semiconductor materials made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous silicon. The energy received depends on radiation and on ambient temperature. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is not stable in open loop. To control the PMSM in terms of speed, torque or position, we need to implement vector control.<br />We will establish the field oriented control of a PMSM supplied by photovoltaic source with a focus on their applications in variable speed domain.

Power Quality and Stability Analysis of Variable-Speed Drive Systems (VSDS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-411
Author(s):  
Safwan Mhrez Nadweh ◽  
Ola Ahmad Khaddam
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Crest Factor ◽  
Variable Speed Drive ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
Drive Systems

This chapter introduces an analysis of power quality of variable-speed drive systems (VSDS). In this chapter, several issues have been discussed as VSDS in terms of cost and effectiveness, VSDS control loops (open loop, closed loop), and power quality in VSDS. Harmonics standards and harmonics in VSDS were discussed in this chapter in addition to highlighting the effects of harmonics on power factor, crest factor, and other power quality specifications. The solutions used to mitigate the harmonics in VSDS were discussed in detail. Finally, simulation of the conventional VSDS model and VSDS with one harmonic mitigation solution in order to clarify the usefulness of using this solution on power quality specifications were discussed.

Hydraulic Position Control System With Variable Speed Pump

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan C¸alıs¸kan ◽  
Tuna Balkan ◽  
Bu¨lent E. Platin
Keyword(s):  
Position Control ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Position Control System

In this study, a valveless energy saving hydraulic position control servo system controlled by two pumps is investigated. In this system, two variable speed pumps driven by servomotors regulate the flow rate through a differential cylinder according to the needs of the system, thus eliminating the valve losses. The mathematical model of the system is developed in MATLAB Simulink environment. A Kalman filter is applied to reduce the noise in the position feedback signal. In the test set up developed, open loop and closed loop frequency response and step response tests are conducted by using MATLAB Real Time Windows Target (RTWT) module, and test results are compared with the model outputs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document