Very Low Density and Biodiversity of Seabird and Marine Mammal at-sea Distribution in the Amundsen Sea, 2010

Our long-term study on the quantitative at-sea distribution of the upper trophic levels - seabirds and marine mammals - in polar ecosystems aims at quantifying the factors influencing their distribution as well as detecting possible spatial and temporal changes, with special attention to hydrography and global climate changes. During the ANT- XXVI/3 expedition of icebreaking RV Polarstern in February-March 2010, a total of 8,270 seabirds belonging to 15 identified species were recorded in the Amundsen Sea during 1,070 half-hour transect counts, with a mean of eight birds per count. The most numerous species were by far Antarctic petrel, Adélie penguin and snow petrel, which together accounted for more than 80% of all individuals of these species recorded. Substantial hotspots of seabirds perched on three icebergs, representing 44% of all observations: 85% of the Antarctic petrels and 40% of the snow petrels [1]. Without taking into account these data, the mean seabird number becomes five individuals per count, representing the lowest value registered in Antarctic seas. The most numerous pinniped was crabeater seal contributing 98% of the total of 2,350 individuals of four pinniped species [2]. Among cetaceans, the most abundant species were Antarctic Minke whale and fin whale (60% and 25% of the total of 170 individuals, four species). The maps allow for a visual comparison that is sufficient for the purposes of this article, reflecting the influence of hydrological features such as water masses and fronts, pack ice and ice edge, free drifting icebergs.

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Endemic Freshwater Fish Range Shifts Related to Global Climate Changes: A Long-Term Study Provides Some Observational Evidence for the Mediterranean Area

Water ◽

10.3390/w11112349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carosi ◽

Padula ◽

Ghetti ◽

Lorenzoni

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Freshwater Fishes ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Long Term Study ◽

River Fragmentation ◽

The Mediterranean

Climate changes will lead to a worsening of the ecological conditions, in terms of hydrological instability and rising water temperatures, of the Mediterranean rivers. Freshwater fishes inhabiting this area can be threatened in the near future by accelerating drought and decreased ecological connectivity. The main aim of the research was to analyze changes in the distribution of the endemic freshwater fishes Padogobius nigricans, Squalius lucumonis and Telestes muticellus in the Tiber River basin (Italy), within a proven period of climate warming, in terms of increasing water temperature and droughts. A multivariate analysis was conducted using fish and environmental data collected in 117 sites over the years 1990–2017. For the three species, population abundance, age structure and body condition were analyzed. Detectability, occupancy, local extinction and colonization processes were also examined. We showed that S. lucumonis and T. muticellus have shifted their distributions upstream, likely in order to reach their thermal optimum. Padogobius nigricans did not move upstream significantly, since the species is characterized by limited vagility and thus a low dispersal capability in a context of high river fragmentation. In the study area, elevation and river barriers seem to play a key role in extirpation and colonization processes; for S. lucumonis and T. muticellus the extinction probability decreased with increasing altitude, while for P. nigricans the colonization probability decreased with an increasing degree of river fragmentation. These results highlight how species-specific dispersal ability can lead to varying adaptability to climate change.

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Global Climate Changes and the Changing Perspective of Tick-Borne Diseases

Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology Open Access ◽

10.15406/jbmoa.2016.02.00018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Delport

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Global Climate Changes

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The impact of the global climate changes and the pollination

10.1603/ice.2016.92412 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Vera Lúcia Imperatriz Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

The Impact

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Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Pontus Lurcock ◽

Fabio Florindo

Keyword(s):

Ocean Circulation ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Ice Sheets ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Climate History ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Planetary Albedo

Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.

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Future climate change will impact the size and location of breeding and wintering areas of migratory thrushes in South America

The Condor ◽

10.1093/ornithapp/duab006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natália Stefanini Da Silveira ◽

Maurício Humberto Vancine ◽

Alex E Jahn ◽

Marco Aurélio Pizo ◽

Thadeu Sobral-Souza

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

South America ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Global Climate ◽

Future Climate ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Ecological Niche Models ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

The Andes ◽

Wintering Areas

Abstract Bird migration patterns are changing worldwide due to current global climate changes. Addressing the effects of such changes on the migration of birds in South America is particularly challenging because the details about how birds migrate within the Neotropics are generally not well understood. Here, we aim to infer the potential effects of future climate change on breeding and wintering areas of birds that migrate within South America by estimating the size and elevations of their future breeding and wintering areas. We used occurrence data from species distribution databases (VertNet and GBIF), published studies, and eBird for 3 thrush species (Turdidae; Turdus nigriceps, T. subalaris, and T. flavipes) that breed and winter in different regions of South America and built ecological niche models using ensemble forecasting approaches to infer current and future potential distributions throughout the breeding and wintering periods of each species. Our findings point to future shifts in wintering and breeding areas, mainly through elevational and longitudinal changes. Future breeding areas for T. nigriceps, which migrates along the Andes Mountains, will be displaced to the west, while breeding displacements to the east are expected for the other 2 species. An overall loss in the size of future wintering areas was also supported for 2 of the species, especially for T. subalaris, but an increase is anticipated for T. flavipes. Our results suggest that future climate change in South America will require that species shift their breeding and wintering areas to higher elevations in addition to changes in their latitudes and longitude. Our findings are the first to show how future climate change may affect migratory birds in South America throughout the year and suggest that even closely related migratory birds in South America will be affected in different ways, depending on the regions where they breed and overwinter.

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A Process-Oriented Approach to Identify Evolutions of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies with a Time-Series of a Raster Dataset

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10080500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Lianwei Li ◽

Yangfeng Xu ◽

Cunjin Xue ◽

Yuxuan Fu ◽

Yuanyu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Sea Surface Temperature ◽

Global Climate ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Space And Time ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

It is important to consider where, when, and how the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) plays significant roles in regional or global climate changes. In the comparison of where and when, there is a great challenge in clearly describing how SSTA evolves in space and time. In light of the evolution from generation, through development, and to the dissipation of SSTA, this paper proposes a novel approach to identifying an evolution of SSTA in space and time from a time-series of a raster dataset. This method, called PoAIES, includes three key steps. Firstly, a cluster-based method is enhanced to explore spatiotemporal clusters of SSTA, and each cluster of SSTA at a time snapshot is taken as a snapshot object of SSTA. Secondly, the spatiotemporal topologies of snapshot objects of SSTA at successive time snapshots are used to link snapshot objects of SSTA into an evolution object of SSTA, which is called a process object. Here, a linking threshold is automatically determined according to the overlapped areas of the snapshot objects, and only those snapshot objects that meet the specified linking threshold are linked together into a process object. Thirdly, we use a graph-based model to represent a process object of SSTA. A node represents a snapshot object of SSTA, and an edge represents an evolution between two snapshot objects. Using a number of child nodes from an edge’s parent node and a number of parent nodes from the edge’s child node, a type of edge (an evolution relationship) is identified, which shows its development, splitting, merging, or splitting/merging. Finally, an experiment on a simulated dataset is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of PoAIES, and a real dataset of satellite-SSTA is used to verify the rationality of PoAIES with the help of ENSO’s relevant knowledge, which may provide new references for global change research.

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Regional model assessments of fire risks under global climate changes

Doklady Earth Sciences ◽

10.1134/s1028334x06090340 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 411 (2) ◽

pp. 1485-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

I. I. Mokhov ◽

A. V. Chernokulsky ◽

I. M. Shkolnik

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Regional Model ◽

Global Climate Changes

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The influence of global climate changes on Western Siberia climate in the first half of XXI century

Вычислительные технологии ◽

10.25743/ict.2018.23.16505 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

А.А. Лагутин ◽

Н.В. Волков ◽

Е.Ю. Мордвин

Keyword(s):

Radiative Forcing ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Climate Model ◽

Global Climate ◽

Regional Climate ◽

First Century ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Rcp 8.5

Представлены результаты исследований влияния глобальных климатических изменений системы Земля на климат Западной Сибири. Для установления зон региона, в которых к середине XXI в. прогнозируются изменения, использовались модельные данные региональной климатической модели RegCM4 и принятые в этом классе задач стандартизованные евклидовы расстояния между характеристиками климата для двух состояний климатической системы — современного и будущего. Установлены зоны Западной Сибири, в которых в рамках сценариев RCP 4.5 и RCP 8.5 возможной эволюции глобальной системы к 2050 г. прогнозируются изменения климата. Purpose. An analysis of the influence of a global climate changes on the climate of Western Siberia, determination of zones of the region where changes are expected in the middle of the twenty-first century. Methodology. Results obtained using the model data of the regional climate model RegCM4 and the standardized Euclidean distances between climate characteristics. Findings, originality. Simulations of the climate characteristics for the two states of the climate system — contemporary and future — have been carried out. The zones of Western Siberia region, in which climate change is expected in the framework of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 radiative forcing scenarios by the 2050, have been determined.

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Marine and coastal environmental education in the context of global climate changes - synthesis and subsidies for ReBentos (Coastal Benthic Habitats Monitoring Network)

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-875920160932064sp2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (spe2) ◽

pp. 137-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Flávio Augusto S. Berchez ◽

Natalia Pirani Ghilardi-Lopes ◽

Monica Dorigo Correia ◽

Hilda Helena Sovierzoski ◽

Alexandre de Gusmão Pedrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Environmental Education ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Global Climate ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

School Students ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

Conceptual Background ◽

The Media ◽

Didactic Material

Abstract As changes in coastal and marine environments are expected to negatively affect Brazilian ecosystems, the importance of Marine Environmental Education (MEE) comes to the fore. However, so far only 32 contributions related to this issue have been published in Brazil. The MEE workgroup of ReBentos aims at promoting EE and the communication of marine ecological research to the scholastic public as a whole, as well as to groups which exert an influence on general perception, such as the media, politicians, and scientists. This paper presents an overview of the initiatives of MEE in Brazil, with emphasis on the ReBentos projects and guidelines. The conceptual background of action is based on the Rio'92 Treaty on Environmental Education, thereby implying an MEE with Transdisciplinar, emancipatory and reflexive characteristics, directed to changes in values, principles and attitudes. During the period 2011 to 2015, 10 projects were developed from Alagoas to Santa Catarina States, involving the development, implementation and testing through scientific research of 16 MEE activity-models. The didactic material subsequently produced comprised three books and 21 book-chapters. A public of around 6,500 Conservation Unit visitors, 250 public school teachers and 800 high school students have been impacted to date. To act as monitors and multipliers, 250 undergraduate students and professionals were trained. Research project evaluation generated the publication of nine papers. As a further step, the need for protocol elaboration for each model is placed in evidence, in order to direct and facilitate future initiatives.

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