Active imagination, extraversion, cross-culture: Guan Yin and Chinese divination

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-288
Author(s):  
Marta Tibaldi

In the Far East, Guan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy, is the one who "listens to the cries of the world". Depicted by gigantic white statues, she is the feminine personification of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara and represents an archetypal figure dear to Chinese women and men. In Hong Kong and in Taipei, Taiwan, she is consulted by throwing two moon blocks or ritual sticks according to the rules of Chinese divination. The goddess is a real presence who acts in a real way: when questioned, she answers, defying a synchronistic and extraverted field of knowledge and meaning. The author highlights the importance of approaching in a cross-cultural, sensitive way, such a slippery cultural phenomenon as the use of divination in that part of China, investigating a possible parallelism between this form of dialogue with the goddess Guan Yin and the Jungian method of active imagination. Developing a cross-cultural sensibility towards Chinese divinatory practices as Chinese clients do in their country, without either prejudicially declaring them superstition or considering them as a form of magic, can have transformative effects both on Eastern and Western imagery. In the case of Chinese people, this sensibility develops the ability to examine, psychologically, a phenomenon whose deeper meaning often remains unconscious. In the case of Westerners, this sensibility creates an experience of active imagination in extraverted form. In both cases, when approached from a Jungian perspective, the Chinese divinatory practice leads to experiencing the transformative reality of the extraverted and synchronistic imaginal action.

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
Е. N. Nikishina

The paper investigates cross-cultural differences across Russian regions using the methodology of G. Hofstede. First, it discusses the most common approaches in measuring culture and the application of the Hofstede methodology in subnational studies. It identifies the critical issues in measuring culture at the regional level and suggests several strategies to address them. Secondly, the paper introduces subregional data on individualism and uncertainty avoidance using a survey of students across 27 Russian universities. The data allow to establish geographical patterns of individualism in Russia. It is demonstrated that collectivism is most prevalent in the Volga region, while individualism characteristic becomes stronger towards the Far East. The findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls and different specifications of the regression model. Finally, the paper provides a discussion about the potential of applying the sociocultural approach in economics.


Author(s):  
Оксана Вячеславовна Киштеева

В настоящей статье рассматривается хакасский традиционный праздничный костюм как культурный феномен и материальный носитель орнамента и прочих культурных кодов, знаковых для национальной идентичности. Проблема изучения и сохранения традиций в вышивке хакасских орнаментов заключается в старении мастеров и слабой преемственности поколений, а также в плохой сохранности текстильного материала в археологических находках. Цель автора заключается в систематизации видов хакасского криволинейного орнамента в народном костюме, а также в анализе орнамента как упорядоченной системы знаков, опирающейся на мифологические основания и константы этнической культуры. В результате автор отмечает в технологии хакасской вышивки несколько видов декоративных швов, общих для кочевых народов Средней Азии, Казахстана, Южной Сибири, Дальнего Востока и Китая. Определены цветовые решения контура и середины орнамента, техника выполнения и материал. В семантическом контексте орнамента отмечены растительные и зооморфные мотивы с устойчивыми художественными характеристиками. В статье описаны композиционные решения, цвет, ритм элементов орнамента в их символическом контексте. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы как в образовательных программах, так и в проектах по сохранению художественных ремесел и традиционной хакасской культуры в целом. The article is devoted to the Khakass traditional costume as a cultural phenomenon and a material carrier of ornament and other cultural codes that are symbolic for national identity. The problem of studying and preserving the traditions in embroidery of Khakass ornaments lies in the aging of craftsmen and poor continuity of generations, as well as in the poor preservation of textile material in archaeological finds. The purpose of the article is to systematize the types of the Khakass curved ornament in a folk costume, as well as to analyze the ornament as an ordered system of signs based on mythological foundations and constants of ethnic culture. As a result, the author notes in the Khakass embroidery technology several types of decorative seams common to the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, South Siberia, the Far East and China. The article identifies the color scheme of the contour and the middle of the ornament, the execution technique and the material. In the semantic context of the ornament, the author notes floral and zoomorphic motifs with stable artistic characteristics. The article describes compositional decisions, color, rhythm of elements of an ornament in their symbolic context. The results of the study are important for educational programs and can be used in projects to preserve art crafts and traditional Khakass culture in general.


Antiquity ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (282) ◽  
pp. 827-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sila Tripati

The Lakshadweep Islands lie on the sea route between west Asia and Africa on the one hand and south Asia and the Far East on the other. In maritime history, these islands have played a vital role by providing shelter, fresh water and landmarks to navigators through the ages. Recent discoveries made during marine archaeological exploration and excavations in the Lakshadweep have revealed evidences of early settlement and shipwrecks. The findings suggest that the islands had been inhabited much before the early historical period.


1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Zaehner

As everyone knows, since the end of the Second World War there has been a sensational revival of interest in the non-Christian religions particularly in the United States and in this country. The revival has taken two forms, the one popular, the other academic. The first of these has turned almost exclusively to Hindu and Buddhist mysticism and can be seen as an energetic reaction against the dogmatic and until very recently rigid structure of institutionalised Christianity and a search for a lived experience of the freedom of the spirit which is held to be the true content of mysticism, obscured in Christianity by the basic dogma of a transcendent God, the ‘wholly Other’ of Rudolf Otto and his numerous followers, but wholly untrammelled by any such concept in the higher reaches of Vedanta and Buddhism, particularly in its Zen manifestation. On the academic side the picture is less clear. There is, of course, the claim that the study of religion, like any other academic study, must be subjected to and controlled by the same principles of ‘scientific’ objectivity to which the other ‘arts’ subjects have been subjected, to their own undoing. But even here there would seem to be a bias in favour of the religions of India and the Far East as against Islam, largely, one supposes, in response to popular demand.


2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wan-Chen

Historically museums emerged in the West and were subsequently taken up by people in other regions of the world, including the Far East, where the museum was adopted with alacrity by Japanese and Chinese intellectuals. This article explores how China and Japan imagined museums when they first encountered them in the West. It sketches how intellectuals in these two nations began to conduct ‘musealization’, and suggests that the museum in China and Japan was a product of appropriation of Western formats that was, however, deeply influenced by traditional attitudes to cultural preservation and display.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Grinko

The paper analyzes the transformation of the female rural population position of the Far East in the USSR in 1970 - the first half of 1980 under the influence of a set of factors. The peculiarities of the geographical location of the region, its level of development, acceleration of life processes in rural areas, rapid dissemination of information and other factors had a significant impact on rural women. This influence was controversial and ambiguous. On the one hand, the role of a woman in the family changed, her activity as an employee increased, her well-being, cultural and educational level increased. On the other hand, becoming more independent, the woman aspired to better working and living conditions, career growth, free time increase, but in rural areas it was difficult. Despite the special attention of the state to the Far East and the activities aimed at the development of rural areas, life in the villages did not meet the urban views of local residents. The result of this transformation was a focus on childlessness for a large part of young people and moving to urban areas. Against the background of the village it was perceived as an incomparably better place of residence.


Author(s):  
Eleonora Sasso

Chapter 2 investigates the corporeal Orientalism envisioned by Swinburne and Beardsley, two Pre-Raphaelite sympathisers who envisioned the East as a sexual dimension inhabited by Oriental female figures such as Scheherazade, Dunyazad, Salome and Bersabe – namely, hur al-ayn – evoking the sensual and pornographic content of the Arabian Nights. Both Swinburne and Beardsley exalted Sir Richard F. Burton and his uncensored translation of the Arabian Nights, which aimed to reveal the erotic customs of the Muslims. On the one hand, Swinburne’s cognitive grammar reveals the use of binary world-builders (West and East) attesting to the superiority of the East, as exemplified by his poems dedicated to Burton and The Masque of Queen Bersabe. On the other hand, Beardsley’s conceptual metaphor East is sexual freedom is projected on to his grotesque pen-and-ink illustrations of Salome and Ali Baba and on to his Oriental poems (‘The Ballad of a Barber’ (1896) and Under the Hill) by blending together the sacred and the profane, the Middle East and the Far East. His radical mode of repatterning old Oriental schemas into new ones is aimed at desacralising the Orient and, in a way, at (de)Orientalising Western and Eastern schemas.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. PESTSOV ◽  
A. B. VOLYNCHUK

The main subject of the research in this article is the development  policy of the Far East as one of the aspects (components) of the  strategy of pivot to the East, declared and implemented by the  country's leadership from the beginning of the 2000s. The case of  Russian policy related to the development of the Far East has a  scientific and practical interest in two respects. On the one hand, as  a means of ensuring success in Russia's general pass to Asia, on the other, as an example, allowing judging the content, basic  approaches and principles of modern Russian regional policy as a  whole. The main features and peculiarities of this policy are  considered by the authors in the context of the discussion about the so-called new paradigm of regional policy that is unfolding in  recent years. The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of  the new regional policy, and evaluates its effectiveness. 


2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 78-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Collins

AbstractIn 1968 Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk, made a journey to the Far East to study Eastern monastic religions. Merton’s contemplative prayer life was enhanced by his literary imagination, which was fueled by the reading of a broad spectrum of novelists and poets. During his trip eastward, Thomas Merton read three Hermann Hesse novels and recorded notes in his journal regarding two of them:Journey to the EastandSteppenwolf. This essay examines Thomas Merton’s enigmatic quotations and observations about the two aforementioned novels within the context of each of the respective volumes. Further clarification of Merton’s notes is rendered through a presentation in parallel fashion of other journal entries and recorded conferences made by the monk primarily during his eastward journey. The discussion ofJourney to the Eastreflects Thomas Merton’s own spiritual quest as he traveled to Asia revealing his attraction to the “feminine mystique” as well as his sharing of both Hesse’s disdain for the herd instinct of illusory communities and his alternative portrayal of enlightened communes seeking aesthetic excellence. As Merton readSteppenwolf, he identified with Harry Haller’s propensity for self-contradiction and a tendency to vacillate between the polarities of holding the bourgeoisie at arm’s length and his eventual compromise with the conventions of the bourgeois society.


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