IS EDUCATION THE SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS IN AFRICA?

In the last weeks the world has been facing a dramatic situation called as “Mediterranean migration”. In one week at least 1.000 migrants have died trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea to reach European territories. More than 2.500 lives have been lost since June 2014, the United Nation refugee agency UNHCR believes, and the majority of them are coming from Africa and Middle East countries. Recently the Malta's prime minister warned after the Lampedusa tragedy, that the Mediterranean Sea was in danger of becoming a "cemetery" for desperate migrants. The situation is dramatic, considering that UNHCR figures suggest that some 25.000 people fled to Italy from North Africa in 2005, a number which dwindled to 9.573 in 2009. As it can be seen, the problem is growing up, the number of migrants is increasing and there is no chance to solve this problem easily.

Download Full-text

Mediterranean Political Culture and Italian Politics: an Interpretation

British Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s000712340000956x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 289-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Samuel H. Barnes ◽

Giacomo Sani

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Political Culture ◽

European Country ◽

North Africa ◽

Mediterranean Country ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Central Actor ◽

Italian Politics ◽

The Mediterranean

Both the classical Romans and the classical Fascists of Mussolini referred to the Mediterranean as Mare Nostrum, ‘our sea’. The rugged peninsula of Italy cuts the sea in half, making Italy, at least by geography, a Mediterranean country. At the same time, it is a European country, a central actor in the long history of both the Mediterranean and Europe. When the center of Europe gravitated toward that sea, the peninsula was near the center of the world and Italy was a major link between Europe and the Middle East, North Africa, and the Moslem world. As the focus of Europe moved north and west, Italy became more marginal; but as a Catholic country it remained oriented largely to Europe. The Christian and Moslem sides of the Mediterranean developed in different directions.

Download Full-text

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA AS A PART OF CHINESE STRING OF PEARLS STRATEGY

Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) ◽

10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i3.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

Aghavni HARUTYUNYAN

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

North Africa ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Development Economic ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

String Of Pearls

Launched by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013, the One Belt, One Road initiative (OBOR), which consists of land (EBSR) and sea routes (MSR), aims to connect Asia and Europe through the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia. The MSR strategy focuses on creating Chinese strongholds or “naval posts” with military or geopolitical influence along the Indian Ocean littoral, the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea, called a “String of Pearls” - similar to the “Dual Use Logistics Facility”. It is related to Beijing’s need for geostrategic security of the “choke points” and maritime [oil and trade] routes critical of its development and based on China’s need to establish an increased level of influence and advanced presence along the sea routes through the use of investment, port development, economic, political, diplomatic and military means. China hopes to contribute to strengthening regional security on the southern gateway from the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, one of the world’s biggest shipping lanes and a pivotal part of the MSR. Today the Chinese energy security policy has been militarized by creating a navy and deploying troops to protect and implement energy and infrastructure projects in the Middle East and North Africa region. It is an important hub for the two OBOR routes due to its strategic location at the intersection of land and sea roads connecting Asia, Africa and Europe, and the three most important economic maritime regions: the South China Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Download Full-text

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS 2011-2016: THE ARAB SPRING AND THE ROLE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

EUROPOLITY CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EUROPEAN GOVERNANCE ◽

10.25019/europolity.2020.14.2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Toader FLUTUR

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Middle East ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

North Africa ◽

Social Situation ◽

Migration Route ◽

The European Union ◽

Active Involvement ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Right

The issue of uncontrolled migration has produced an institutional transformation of the European Union, dictated by the need to find solutions to new challenges. The reform of migration and asylum policy had to enter the European public agenda at an accelerated pace and political leaders had to find the common will to create the right legislative framework to respond to the migration crisis. The most important migration route preferred by refugees and economic migrants, is the Mediterranean Sea which in recent years has experienced the most intense human trafficking but also the most deaths in such a short time. As a result of the popular riots in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011, the deteriorating political and social situation in the countries of origin, more and more citizens have left their native places in the hope of ensuring a better life in the European Union. In order to support the structural reforms needed by the two areas and even physical reconstruction if we refer to the Syrian case, the European Union must show active involvement and a coherent plan to curb the fluid sources of migration. Supporting the reconstruction of foundations or strengthening institutions, investment in aid programs to stimulate economies and strong agreements with the governments of the states of the Middle East and North Africa are just some of the measures that the European Union should take swiftly.

Download Full-text

Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) ff. 'alcippus' and 'alcippoides' (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae) from Cyprus

Entomologist s Gazette ◽

10.31184/g00138894.703.1723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eddie John ◽

Richard I. Vane-Wright

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

North Africa ◽

Recent Observation ◽

Old World ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Old World Tropics ◽

Vast Range ◽

Previous Occasion

We report a recent observation of D. c. chrysippus f. 'alcippus' in Cyprus, a variant of the Plain Tiger or African Queen butterfly infrequently seen in the Mediterranean, especially in the east of the region. D. c. chrysippus f. 'alcippus' appears to have been recorded from Cyprus on just one previous occasion, by R. E. Ellison, in 1939. However, a specimen of the similar f. 'alcippoides' collected by D. M. A. Bate in Cyprus in 1901 could perhaps be the source of Ellison's otherwise undocumented claim. These records are assessed in relation to the known distributions of the various forms of D. chrysippus across the Mediterranean, North Africa and Middle East, and more briefly with respect to the vast range of this butterfly across much of the Old World tropics and subtropics. The ambiguity and potential confusion caused by using an available name to designate both a geographically circumscribed subspecies or semispecies, and a genetically controlled phenotype that can be found far beyond the range of the putative subspecies or semispecies, is also discussed.

Download Full-text

Improving Capacity Development for Threatened Maritime and Marine Cultural Heritage Through the Evaluation of a Parameter Framework

Journal of Maritime Archaeology ◽

10.1007/s11457-019-09246-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 409-427

Author(s):

Katherine Recinos ◽

Lucy Blue

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Case Studies ◽

North Africa ◽

Capacity Development ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

Development Initiatives

Abstract Maritime cultural heritage is under increasing threat around the world, facing damage, destruction, and disappearance. Despite attempts to mitigate these threats, maritime cultural heritage is often not addressed to the same extent or with equal resources. One approach that can be applied towards protecting and conserving threatened cultural heritage, and closing this gap, is capacity development. This paper addresses the question of how capacity development can be improved and adapted for the protection of maritime cultural heritage under threat. It asserts that capacity development for maritime cultural heritage can be improved by gaining a more comprehensive and structured understanding of capacity development initiatives through applying a consistent framework for evaluation and analysis. This allows for assessment and reflection on previous or ongoing initiatives, leading to the implementation of more effective initiatives in the future. In order to do this, a model for classifying initiatives by ten parameters is proposed. It is then applied to a number of case studies featuring initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa region. This is followed by a discussion of how conclusions and themes drawn from the examination and evaluation of the case study initiatives can provide a deeper understanding of capacity development efforts, and an analysis of how the parameter model as a framework can aid in improving capacity development for threatened maritime cultural heritage overall.

Download Full-text