scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Citral and its Antifungal Activity into Pectin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7488-7502
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Postharvest Management

Citral is an essential oil with great antimicrobial activity, but its use in the food industry is limited due to its easy decomposition in room conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to microencapsulate citral by the spray drying process and incorporate the powder into pectin films to assess their antifungal activity. For this, solutions of maltodextrin (MD), Arabic gum (AG) sodium alginate (SA) at different concentrations were used to emulsify citral. The emulsion with 10:10:0.1 MD:AG:SA was selected to spray the drying process due to its small droplet size, monomodal size distribution, and low D[3,2], D[4,3], and span index. The dried powder had high solubility (83.4%), and low wettability time (27 s), moisture content (4.05%), and bulk density (0.72 g/cm3), allowing to infer powder stability and showing appropriate handling qualities on a large scale. Thermal analyses reveal that microparticles and pectin films provide thermal protection to citral from 37 to 175 °C. Concerning the antagonistic activity, pectin films added with citral microencapsulated had antifungal activity ranging from 42-68% against Penicillium italicum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger under in vitro conditions. Therefore, these films serve as a basis for developing new edible coatings with practical applications in the postharvest management of phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Chromatographic profiles of antifungal exo- and endometabolites of Bacillus velezensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
T.M. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
V.V. Allakhverdyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Tlc Analysis

The antifungal activity of the Bacillus bacteria is based on their ability to produce metabolites. Therefore, when selecting a strain that produces an effective biofungicide, it is necessary to assess the metabolism of bacteria. The aim of this work is to isolate exo- and endometabolites of the promising B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains and assess their antifungal activity. Studies were carried out in 2020–2021. The object of the study is a liquid culture of the B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 strains. Methods of liquid extraction, ascending thin layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography with a test-culture of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras and Alternaria sp. fungi were used to analyze metabolites. The ability of the strains to accumulate a complex of active metabolites showing antifungal effect from fungistatic to fungicidal action was revealed. On the bioautogram of exometabolites, we found two most pronounced zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29) of Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras BZR P1 growth inhibition (fungicide). Zones with Rf 0.58 for B. velezensis BZR 336g and Rf 0.70 for B. velezensis BZR 517 correspond to the test fungus growth retardation (fungistatic). Significant suppression of Alternaria sp. BZR P8 growth was also observed in two zones (Rf 0.18 and 0.29). The use of surfactin, iturin A, fengycin (Sigma-Aldrich®) in the TLC analysis made it possible to detect similar lipopeptides in the composition of metabolite complexes produced by the studied bacteria. It should be noted that the studied strains differed both in their ability to produce metabolites of different structure (can be found when analyzing chromatograms under ultraviolet light) and in their effect on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. This may indicate possible differences in the mechanism of antagonistic activity of bacteria against phytopathogenic fungi. Thus, B. velezensis BZR 336g and B. velezensis BZR 517 produce a significant set of antifungal metabolites and can be used as strains to produce effective biofungicides.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA against phytopathogenic fungi causing postharvest fruit diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahaed Evangelista-Martínez ◽  
Erika Anahí Contreras-Leal ◽  
Luis Fernando Corona-Pedraza ◽  
Élida Gastélum-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

Abstract Background Fungi are one of the microorganisms that cause most damage to fruits worldwide, affecting their quality and consumption. Chemical controls with pesticides are used to diminish postharvest losses of fruits. However, biological control with microorganisms or natural compounds is an increasing alternative to protect fruits and vegetables. In this study, the antifungal effect of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA on phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest tropical fruit rot was investigated. Main body Antagonistic activity was evaluated in vitro by the dual confrontation over fungal isolates obtained from grape, mango, tomato, habanero pepper, papaya, sweet orange, and banana. The results showed that antagonistic activity of the isolate CACIS-1.5CA was similar to the commercial strain Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 against the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Rhizopus sp. with percentages ranging from 30 to 63%. The bioactive extract obtained from CACIS-1.5 showed a strong inhibition of fungal spore germination, with percentages ranging from 92 to 100%. Morphological effects as irregular membrane border, deformation, shrinkage, and collapsed conidia were observed on the conidia. Molecularly, the biosynthetic clusters of genes for the polyketide synthase (PKS) type I, PKS type II, and NRPS were detected in the genome of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA. Conclusions This study presented a novel Streptomyces strain as a natural alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides or other commercial products having antagonistic microorganisms that were used in the postharvest control of phytopathogenic fungi affecting fruits.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Sanguinarine and Chelerythrine Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 13026-13035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Juan Yang ◽  
Fang Miao ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Fang-Jun Cao ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Sanguinarine And Chelerythrine ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
The South

<p><em>Trichoderma</em> isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum, T. ghanense</em>, and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em>. Antagonistic activity against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp. was evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. <em>T. asperellum </em>and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em> showed antagonism against <em>Botrytis </em>sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of <em>Botrytis</em> sp. (except the <em>T. ghanense</em>) and colonies of the <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp.</p>

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Vanillin Oxime-N-O-Alkanoates

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Nandini Garg ◽  
Birendra Kumar ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Om P. Sati
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

Vanillin oxime- N-O-alkanoates were synthesized following reaction of vanillin with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed by reaction of the resultant oxime with acyl chlorides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The test compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii by the poisoned food technique. The moderate antifungal activity of vanillin was slightly increased following its conversion to vanillin oxime, but significantly increased after conversion of the oxime to oxime- N-O-alkanoates. While vanillin oxime- N-O-dodecanoate with an EC50 value 73.1 μg/mL was most active against M. phaseolina, vanillin oxime- N-O-nonanoate with EC50 of value 66.7 μg/mL was most active against R. solani. The activity increased with increases in the acyl chain length and was maximal with an acyl chain length of nine carbons.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some 2,6-Bis-(Un)Substituted Phenoxymethylpyridines

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Huan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Among all derivatives, compound 3 a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of verticillium and fusarium wilt of pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
By Products ◽  
Pepper Plants

A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was undertaken. In in vitro assays, the tested isolate of V. dahliae proved to be very sensitive to difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.02 mg/l). However, under greenhouse conditions, the highest efficacy in V. dahliae control on inoculated pepper plants was recorded for a product based on thiophanate-methyl (83.10% compared to control). Among the tested fungicides, the lowest efficacy was recorded for a product based on azoxystrobin (23.10 %) with no significant difference compared to control (p > 0.05). In in vitro assays, the tested F. oxysporum isolate was the most sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 = 0.07 mg/l) and the least sensitive to fluopyram (EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l). In in vivo assay, the highest efficacy was achieved by products based on captan (95.60%), and the lowest by a product based on thiophanate-methyl (54.40%). Antagonistic activity of the bacterium B. subtilis under laboratory conditions was not satisfying. Also, the antifungal activity and spectrum of a tested product based on tee tree oil was not efficient in suppressing pepper wilting caused by V. dahliae and F. oxysporum.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts, Hydrolates and Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants and Control of Cucumber Anthracnose

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amanda P. Mattos ◽  
Fabricio P. Povh ◽  
Bruna B. Rissato ◽  
Vítor V. Schwan ◽  
Kátia R. F. Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity effect of the crude aqueous extract (CAE), hydrolate (HY) and essential oil (EO) of Corymbia citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus and Curcuma longa against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria steviae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii, and assess, in situ, the effectiveness of CAE of medicinal plants in reducing the severity of the cucumber anthracnose. Methodology: The EOs and HYs were obtained by hydrodistillation. The CAEs were prepared by the turbolysis method. Mycelial growth of the fungi was measured daily, by the diametrically opposite method. In the in vivo test, the CAEs were sprayed on the cotyledon leaves of healthy cucumber plants with three days after were inoculated with C. lagenarium. The severity of assessment of the disease was based on a scale of notes. Results: The medicinal plants studied showed antifungal activity against all or almost all pathogens. In general, treatment with CAE and HY of C. longa revealed the highest inhibition against the fungi tested. With the exception of the EO of C. longa, the other EOs showed total inhibition against all the fungi and in all the concentrations tested. Compared to control, in in vivo assays CAE of C. citratus presents a potential for control of cucumber anthracnose reducing the severity of the disease. Conclusion: The medicinal plants studied produce compounds associated with antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals The Predatory Myxobacterium Citreicoccus inhibens gen. nov. sp. nov. Showed Antifungal Activity and Bacteriolytic Property against Phytopathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2137
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Shuoxing Yi ◽  
Yi Zang ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Honghui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Predatory Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Traits

The application and promotion of biological control agents are limited because of poor efficacy and unstable performance in the field. Screening microorganisms with high antagonistic activity, effective adaptability, and high field-survival should be prospected. Myxobacteria are soil predatory bacteria with wide adaptability, which are considered as good antagonists. Here, we report a myxobacterium strain M34 isolated from subtropical forest soil in South China using the Escherichia coli baiting method. Based on the morphological observation, physiological test, biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence, and genomic data, strain M34 was identified as a novel genus and novel species, representing a new clade of Myxococcaceae, for which the name Citreicoccus inhibens gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed (type strain M34T = GDMCC 1.2275T = KCTC 82453T). The typical features of M34, including fruiting body formation and extracellular fibrillar interconnection, indicated by microscopic observations, contributed to cell adaption in different environments. Furthermore, the strain showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi and predatory activity to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacteria. The bioprotective mechanisms are attributed to the presence of pyrrolnitrin and derivative with antifungal activity and the extracellular proteins with lytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Due to its multiple beneficial traits, strain M34 has the potential to be developed into a versatile biocontrol agent for the management of both fungal and bacterial phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis and antifungal activity of dithiocarbamate derivatives bearing an amide moiety

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Li ◽  
Shu-Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Dithiocarbamate Derivatives

A series of novel dithiocarbamate derivatives bearing amide moiety 3a-3i and 4a-4i were synthesized by a facile method, and the structures of these derivatives were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Their antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated, and the results showed that most of the target compounds displayed low antifungal activity in vitro against Gibberella zeae, Cytospora sp., Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium solani at concentration of 100 mg/L. Compound 4f and 4g exhibited significant activity against Alternaria solani and Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, respectively.

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