scholarly journals Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
The South

<p><em>Trichoderma</em> isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum, T. ghanense</em>, and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em>. Antagonistic activity against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp. was evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. <em>T. asperellum </em>and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em> showed antagonism against <em>Botrytis </em>sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of <em>Botrytis</em> sp. (except the <em>T. ghanense</em>) and colonies of the <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp.</p>

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Simplicillium lanosoniveum to Coccus hesperidum

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
The South ◽  
Region Analysis ◽  
Coccus Hesperidum ◽  
High Infectivity

<p><em>Simplicillium lanosoniveum</em> isolate SSBG2 was isolated from the diseased <em>C. hesper</em> collected from <em>Schefflera octophylla</em> in greenhouse of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden, and identified based on morphological observation and ITS region analysis. The infected plants were inoculated with conidial suspension of the isolate SSBG2 in concentrations 1.0*10<sup>5</sup>/mL. It was showed that after inoculation the <em>C. hesper</em> female adults were more vulnerable to infection. Larvae are affected to a lesser extent. The mycelium grows under the scale and cause the death of the insect. It was indicated that <em>S. lanosoniveum</em> had high infectivity against <em>C. hesper</em>. Infection symptoms appeared on day 7 after the inoculation, the infection reached the peak on day 20. Our study provides a new isolate that affects the <em>Coccus hesperidum</em>.</p>

scholarly journals New Isolated Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains from Apples for Postharvest Biocontrol of Penicillium expansum and Patulin Accumulation

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Laura Settier-Ramírez ◽  
Gracia López-Carballo ◽  
Pilar Hernández-Muñoz ◽  
Angélique Fontana ◽  
Caroline Strub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Metschnikowia Pulcherrima ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Main Producer

Wild yeasts isolated from the surface of apples were screened for antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum, the main producer of the mycotoxin patulin. Three antagonistic yeasts (Y33, Y29 and Y24) from a total of 90 were found to inhibit P. expansum growth. Identification by ITS region sequence and characterization showed that three selected isolates of yeast should be different strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima. Several concentrations of the selected yeasts were used to study their in vitro antifungal effectivity against P. expansum on Petri dishes (plates with 63.6 cm2 surface) whereas their potential activity on patulin reduction was studied in liquid medium. Finally, the BCA that had the best in vitro antifungal capacity against P. and the best patulin degradation capacity was selected to be assessed directly on apples. All the selected strains demonstrated antifungal activity in vitro but the most efficient was the strain Y29. Isolated strains were able to reduce patulin content in liquid medium, Y29 being the only strain that completely reduced patulin levels within 120 h. The application of Y29 as biocontrol agent on the surface of apples inoculated with P. expansum, inhibited fungal growth and patulin production during storage. Therefore, the results shown that this yeast strain could be used for the reduction of P. expansum and its mycotoxin in apples or apple-based products by adapting the procedure application.

Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leydi Miguel-Ferrer ◽  
Omar Romero-Arenas ◽  
Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽  
Primo Sánchez-Morales ◽  
José Antonio Rivera-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Santa Maria

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in vivo</em> de <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (T-H4) y <em>T. koningiopsis</em> (T-K11) <em>versus Fusarium solani</em> (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) <em>in vitro</em> y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a <em>T. koningiopsis</em> T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de <em>Trichoderma</em> spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por <em>F. solani</em> MX-MIC 798.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
And Storage

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacteriumErwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora(Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was testedin vitroagainst the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited thein vitrogrowth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genusBacillusand the isolate E-45 asLactobacillussp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65in vitroscreening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

scholarly journals Potential of Trichosporon asahii against Alternaria sp. and mechanisms of actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ariane Silva Bosqueiro ◽  
Rodolfo Bizarria Júnior ◽  
Márcia Maria Rosa-Magri
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Trichosporon Asahii ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Mycelial Development

ABSTRACT Alternaria sp. is a fungus that causes rot in several crops, causing damage to the agricultural production chain. Biological control agents constitute an alternative to reduce the use of pesticides in the crops, a social demand for modern agriculture. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the antagonistic effect of the yeast Trichosporon asahii (3S44) on the mycelial development of Alternaria sp. and some in vitro mechanisms of action. Trichosporon asahii showed antagonistic activity towards Alternaria sp., presenting mycelial inhibition (57.47%). The assays indicated production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), competition for nutrients, biofilm formation, production of killer toxins and β-1,3-glucanase as mechanisms of action of T. asahii. Collectively, our results showed the potential of T. asahii to control the mycelial development of Alternaria sp. and some mechanisms of action of this yeast for future biotechnological studies.

Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains, Fungicides and Non-conventional Chemicals Against Botyrotinia ricini Causing Grey Mold Disease in Castor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
S. Ameer Basha ◽  
◽  
V. Ramya ◽  
A. Sajeli Begum ◽  
G. Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Time Periods

A study was made to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, fungicides and non-conventional chemicals against Botryotinia ricini, causing grey mold disease in castor, under in vitro conditions. Among the 40 strains isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of different crops across the State of Telangana, India, only eight strains inhibited the growth of B. ricini under dual culture technique, of which strains Pf 21 (90.56%), Pf 23 (88.89%), Pf 34 (86.11%) and Pf 36 (84.17%) were the most effective. Among the seven chemicals (four fungicides and three non-conventional chemicals) tested for their efficacy, carbendazim followed by propiconazole had significant antagonistic effect against B. ricini. Exposure of healthy castor capsules to B. ricini and P. fluorescens for different time periods revealed that strains Pf 34 and Pf 36 were effective in completely inhibiting the growth of B. ricini and hence these two strains have been identified as effective biocontrol agents, on par with carbendazim, which offer scope for sustainable and integrated disease management of grey mold disease in castor.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

scholarly journals Disruption of the ech42 (Endochitinase-Encoding) Gene Affects Biocontrol Activity in Trichoderma harzianum P1

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Woo ◽  
B. Donzelli ◽  
F. Scala ◽  
R. Mach ◽  
G. E. Harman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity ◽  
Better Than

The biocontrol strain P1 of Trichoderma harzianum was genetically modified by targeted disruption of the single-copy ech42 gene encoding for the secreted 42-kDa endochitinase (CHIT42). Stable mutants in which ech42 was interrupted, and unable to produce CHIT42, were obtained and characterized. These mutants lacked the ech42 transcript, the protein, and endochitinase activity in culture filtrates, and they were unable to clear a medium containing colloidal chitin. Other chitinolytic and glucanolytic enzymes expressed during mycoparasitism were not affected by the disruption of ech42. The disrupted mutant D11 grew and sporulated similarly to the wild type. In vitro antifungal activity of the ech42 disruptant culture filtrates against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani was reduced about 40%, compared with wild type; antifungal activity was fully restored by adding an equivalent amount of CHIT42 as secreted by P1. The mutant exhibited the same biocontrol effect against Pythium ultimum as strain P1, but the antagonism against B. cinerea on bean leaves by the mutant was significantly reduced (33% less biocontrol), compared with strain P1. Conversely, the endochitinase-deficient mutant performed better than the wild type (16% improvement of survival) in biocontrol experiments in soil infested with the soilborne fungus R. solani. These results indicate that the antagonistic interaction between the T. harzianum strain and various fungal hosts is based on different mechanisms.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo toxicity of fungicides and biofungicides for the control of verticillium and fusarium wilt of pepper

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
By Products ◽  
Pepper Plants

A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was undertaken. In in vitro assays, the tested isolate of V. dahliae proved to be very sensitive to difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.02 mg/l). However, under greenhouse conditions, the highest efficacy in V. dahliae control on inoculated pepper plants was recorded for a product based on thiophanate-methyl (83.10% compared to control). Among the tested fungicides, the lowest efficacy was recorded for a product based on azoxystrobin (23.10 %) with no significant difference compared to control (p > 0.05). In in vitro assays, the tested F. oxysporum isolate was the most sensitive to prochloraz (EC50 = 0.07 mg/l) and the least sensitive to fluopyram (EC50 = 1075.01 mg/l). In in vivo assay, the highest efficacy was achieved by products based on captan (95.60%), and the lowest by a product based on thiophanate-methyl (54.40%). Antagonistic activity of the bacterium B. subtilis under laboratory conditions was not satisfying. Also, the antifungal activity and spectrum of a tested product based on tee tree oil was not efficient in suppressing pepper wilting caused by V. dahliae and F. oxysporum.

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