scholarly journals Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium Using Low-Cost Activated Carbon in a Fixed-Bed Column

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8042-8056
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Pharmaceutical Contaminants ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Dillenia Indica

In recent years, the presence of pharmaceutical contaminants, such as diclofenac sodium (DCF) in water bodies and their potential influence on aquatic organisms gained much attention. As a result of high demand and usage by consumers, in addition to incomplete removal during wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical contaminants will end up on water surfaces. To mitigate this problem, the elimination of DCF by employing activated carbon derived from Dillenia Indica peels was evaluated. The adsorption of DCF was performed in a continuous process. The findings showed that the adsorption of DCF was favorable at a lower flow rate, greater bed height, and initial DCF concentration, with the highest removal percentage of 44.93%. To assess the characteristics of the breakthrough curve of DCF, the adsorption data were used to match three distinct adsorption models, namely, Boharts and Adam, Yoon-Nelson, and Thomas. The breakthrough results were well-fitted with these models, as the values of R2 for all models and parameters were higher than 0.88. Thus, it was concluded that the activated carbon from Dillenia Indica can effectively remove DCF from an aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Sorption Characteristics of Mixed Molecules of Glutaraldehyde from Water on Mesoporous Acid-Amine Modified Low-Cost Activated Carbon: Mechanism, Isotherm, and Kinetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukosha Lloyd ◽  
Onyango S. Maurice ◽  
Ochieng Aoyi ◽  
Taile Y. Leswifi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Cooperative Adsorption ◽  
Deactivation Process

The environmental discharge of inefficiently treated waste solutions of the strong biocide glutaraldehyde (GA) from hospitals has potential toxic impact on aquatic organisms. The adsorption characteristics of mixed polarized monomeric and polymeric molecules of GA from water on mesoporous acid-amine modified low-cost activated carbon (AC) were investigated. It was found that the adsorption strongly depended on pH and surface chemistry. In acidic pH, the adsorption mechanism was elaborated to involve chemical sorption of mainly hydroxyl GA monomeric molecules on acidic surface groups, while in alkaline pH, the adsorption was elaborated to involve both chemical and physical sorption of GA polymeric forms having mixed functional groups (aldehyde, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) on acidic and amine surface groups. The optimum pH of adsorption was about 12 with significant contribution by cooperative adsorption, elucidated in terms of hydrogen bonding and aldol condensation. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were fitted to isotherm data. The adsorption kinetics was dependent on initial concentration and temperature and described by the Elovich model. The adsorption was endothermic, while the intraparticle diffusion model suggested significant contribution by film diffusion. The developed low-cost AC could be used to supplement the GA alkaline deactivation process for efficient removal of residual GA aquatic toxicity.

scholarly journals Performane of Activated Carbon Adsorption in Removing of Organic Pollutants from River Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Khalaf Erabee ◽  
Saleem M. Ethaib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Date Pits

This study presents a water treatment process by using a down-flow fixed bed activated carbon contractor model. Two types of activated carbon (AC) used,  powder and granular activated carbon from date pits as a raw material, the parameters tested are biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),  chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS) and pH. The column  diameter and bed depths are made constant, whereas the size of activated carbon is varies. The obtained removal efficiencies for sample of river water are 39.8% of BOD, 41.8% of  COD, 81.8% of TSS  and 67.7% of TDS for granular AC. For powdered AC the removal efficiencies of parameters are 34.7% of BOD, 17.6% of COD, 72.7% of TSS and 50% of TDS. The granular AC made from date pits is the best activated carbon because of low cost of raw material and it is widely applied for usage in the water or wastewater treatment, as it is very effective in terms of cost and performance to cater the increasing demand of clean water.  

scholarly journals Characterization and modification of natural clay deposits to develop clay-based adsorbent to remove phosphorus from contaminated water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Farzana Nargis
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Clay Deposits

Modification of natural clays may be a useful approach to produce an effective and low-cost adsorbent to control phosphorous, which is a key factor in controlling the eutrophication of surface waters. In this study, natural clay samples were collected, characterized, modified with ZrCl4, and then their adsorption capacity for removing phosphorus from contaminated water was studied. XRD analysis showed that the natural clay consists of kaolinite, illite, and nontronite as dominant clay mineral phases. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified clay increased from 0.493 to 11.83 mg P/g compared to the unmodified clay. The adsorption process was fast for both natural and modified samples, achieving more than 80% and 90% phosphorus removal with natural and modified samples, respectively in less than 4 hours. The adsorption data for both clays best fit the Langmuir isotherm, and the rate of phosphorus adsorption was found to follow a pseudo-secondorder kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of both adsorbents decreased with increasing pH, and for the modified clay the change was more significant. Full factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate and optimize the effects of initial P concentration, contact time, pH, and dose. From the model, the maximum P removal efficiency predicted for the synthetic solution was 91.5% and 99.9% by natural and modified clay, respectively. R2(≈0.98) indicates that the observed results fitted well with the model prediction. Similar to the batch studies, the fixed bed column study showed the developed adsorbents are efficient in removing phosphorus from water in a continuous process as well.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Natural Adsorbents to Remove Fluoride from Drinking Water: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3857-3859
Author(s):  
Aishwarya P Marad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

Widespread existence of fluoride above the desirable limit in ground water, reported that 17 states of India are facing endemic fluorosis problem. Excess amount of fluoride is being emitted due to increase in human activities. Businesses release effluents exceptionally stacked with fluoride. The over abundance of fluoride is destructive from numerous points of view this there is a need to cut down the fluoride level to the safe limits. For this reason the treatment of water is done using number of techniques like coagulation and flocculation, ion-exchange, electrochemical methods, nano filtration, adsorption etc. Adsorption is a significant process in which the fluoride is adsorbed on to a membrane or fixed bed. Activated carbon is a commonly used adsorbent for water and waste water treatment, but the main disadvantage of the activated carbon is the cost and rejuvenation difficulty. Many attempts are done to defluoride water from high concentration to permissible level, still the studies are going on to implement a user friendly defluoridation methods using low cost, sufficiently available and highly effective adsorbent.

scholarly journals Physical entrapment of chitosan in fixed-down-flow column bed enhances triclosan removal from water

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1374-1383
Author(s):  
Jyoti Matolia ◽  
S. P. Shukla ◽  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Kundan Kumar ◽  
A. R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Column Matrix ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Entrapment

Abstract Triclosan (TCS) is an emergent pollutant with wide-ranging deleterious effects on aquatic organisms and humans. There is a growing concern about the development of low-cost and efficient treatment systems for the removal of TCS from water. This report describes the performance of a prototype of a continuous flow, fixed bed column device with physically entrapped industrial by-product chitosan. The effects of initial TCS concentration, adsorbent dose in the column matrix, and flow rate were investigated with regard to removal efficiency (%), adsorption capacity and breakthrough time. To understand the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption process, three kinetic models – Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Adams–Bohart – were applied to the experimental data for the prediction of characteristic parameters of the adsorption process. The Yoon–Nelson model showed the best agreement between the experimental and calculated values. The column showed a near saturation state (Ct/C0 = 0.92; C0 and Ct are the concentration of TCS before and after treatment.) at 90 mg L−1 TCS concentration after 60 minutes. In view of non-availability of a treatment process for the emergent pollutant TCS, the data of the present investigation will facilitate the development of novel prototypes of column bed reactors for the removal of TCS.

Removal of naproxen using low-cost Dillenia Indica peels as an activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadirah Fadzail ◽  
Masitah Hasan ◽  
Zulfakar Mokhtar ◽  
Naimah Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dillenia Indica

scholarly journals Na0.76V6O15/Activated Carbon Hybrid Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Renwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Changzhen Zhan ◽  
Ding Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Artificial Graphite

Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) are regarded as one of the most promising next generation energy storage devices. Commercial activated carbon materials with low cost and excellent cycling stability are widely used as cathode materials for LICs, however, their low energy density remains a significant challenge for the practical applications of LICs. Herein, Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts (NaVO) were prepared and combined with commercial activated carbon YP50D to form hybrid cathode materials. Credit to the synergism of its capacitive effect and diffusion-controlled faradaic effect, NaVO/C hybrid cathode displays both superior cyclability and enhanced capacity. LICs were assembled with the as-prepared NaVO/C hybrid cathode and artificial graphite anode which was pre-lithiated. Furthermore, 10-NaVO/C//AG LIC delivers a high energy density of 118.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 220.6 W kg−1 and retains 43.7 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 21,793.0 W kg−1. The LIC can also maintain long-term cycling stability with capacitance retention of approximately 70% after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Accordingly, hybrid cathodes composed of commercial activated carbon and a small amount of high energy battery-type materials are expected to be a candidate for low-cost advanced LICs with both high energy density and power density.

scholarly journals Development of a simplified gas ultracleaning process: experiments in biomass residue-based fixed-bed gasification syngas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Frilund ◽  
Esa Kurkela ◽  
Ilkka Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Adsorption Affinity

AbstractFor the realization of small-scale biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes, low-cost syngas cleaning remains a major obstacle, and for this reason a simplified gas ultracleaning process is being developed. In this study, a low- to medium-temperature final gas cleaning process based on adsorption and organic solvent-free scrubbing methods was coupled to a pilot-scale staged fixed-bed gasification facility including hot filtration and catalytic reforming steps for extended duration gas cleaning tests for the generation of ultraclean syngas. The final gas cleaning process purified syngas from woody and agricultural biomass origin to a degree suitable for catalytic synthesis. The gas contained up to 3000 ppm of ammonia, 1300 ppm of benzene, 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 10 ppm of carbonyl sulfide, and 5 ppm of hydrogen cyanide. Post-run characterization displayed that the accumulation of impurities on the Cu-based deoxygenation catalyst (TOS 105 h) did not occur, demonstrating that effective main impurity removal was achieved in the first two steps: acidic water scrubbing (AWC) and adsorption by activated carbons (AR). In the final test campaign, a comprehensive multipoint gas analysis confirmed that ammonia was fully removed by the scrubbing step, and benzene and H2S were fully removed by the subsequent activated carbon beds. The activated carbons achieved > 90% removal of up to 100 ppm of COS and 5 ppm of HCN in the syngas. These results provide insights into the adsorption affinity of activated carbons in a complex impurity matrix, which would be arduous to replicate in laboratory conditions.

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