scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Aquatic Organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2012-2015
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Silver nanoparticles are extensively used in the past few years. The presence of these silver nanoparticles concerns the risks they pose to the environment as a whole. Their tiny size and higher surface area make them a very potent threat in the aquatic ecosystem. The interactions and bioaccumulation in the aquatic ecosystem have led to disturbances in the food chain of the aquatic organism. The silver nanoparticles have caused biochemical, physiological, morphological, and neurological impairment in the aquatic organisms. There are several studies that not only report the direct impact of these AgNPs on the water bodies but also report the impact of ligand-bound AgNPs on aquatic invertebrates at different trophic levels and different medium. This literature review attempts to integrate recent findings on the impact of silver nanoparticles and associated studies on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Kovářová ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Potential Use

Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?Due to anthropogenic activities, heavy metals still represent a threat for various trophic levels. If aquatic animals are exposed to heavy metals we can obviously observe considerable toxicity. It is well known that an organism affected by cadmium (Cd) synthesize low molecular mass thiol compounds rich in cysteine (Cys), such as metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The aim of this study was to summarize the effect of Cd on level of thiol compounds in aquatic organisms, and evaluate that the concentrations of thiol compounds are effective indicators of Cd water pollution and explain their potential use in biomonitoring applications.

scholarly journals Toxicity of leachates from pilot reactors simulating a landfill with different concentrations of AgNP

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
Raphael Zanelato ◽  
Isabela da Cruz Bonatto ◽  
José Julio Barrios Restrepo ◽  
Rodrigo Costa Puerari ◽  
William Gerson Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

ABSTRACT This work’s objective was to verify the leachates toxicity from pilot reactors (PR) simulating a landfill containing different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Acute toxicity tests (48 h) with Daphnia magna were carried out in leachates containing 50, 150 and 450 mg AgNP.kg-1, in addition to a blank for control. Toxicity tests with the pure solution of silver nanoparticle and leachates resulted by the reactors were performed. The acute toxicity tests performed with D. magna confirmed the toxicity of the leachates, as well as confirmed that the silver nanoparticles are toxic, presenting EC50 (48 h) of 0.63 µg.L-1 of pure nanoparticle and ranging from 1.52 to 3.37% for the leachates. Overall, the results from the present study indicate that exposures of aquatic invertebrates to silver nanoparticles could have important ecological effects on lower trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. The results may contribute to a better understanding of the quality of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates, with reference to nanoparticle interference and consequent treatment efficiency.

scholarly journals The Impact of Drought on Soil Moisture Trends across Brazilian Biomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Mario Guevara ◽  
Alma Vázquez-Lule ◽  
Ana Paula Cunha ◽  
Marcelo Zeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability ◽  
Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Agriculture Water

Abstract. Over the past decade, Brazil has experienced severe droughts across its territory, with important implications for soil moisture dynamics. Soil moisture variability has a direct impact on agriculture, water security, and ecosystem services. Nevertheless, there is currently little information on how soil moisture across different biomes respond to drought. In this study, we used satellite soil moisture data from the European Space Agency, from 2009 to 2015, to analyze differences in soil moisture responses to drought for each biome of Brazil: The Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampas and Pantanal. We found an overall soil moisture decline of −0.5 %/year (p 

Significance of Ecohydraulics in Aquatic Ecosystem Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2413-2417
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Wang ◽  
Jin Yong Zhao ◽  
Gai Ling Wang ◽  
Qing Hong Huangfu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristic ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Impact

Ecohydraulics is an emerging interdisciplinary science and mainstream engineering researching on the interaction relationship between hydrodynamic characteristic and aquatic ecosystem, it integrates biology, geology, hydrology, morphology, ecology, engineering and other disciplines. Based on the collection of literature on ecohydraulics from Web of Science database, the bibliometric analysis on 563 literatures from the year 1991 to 2012 has been conducted, including publication year, author, country, institution, subject, source journal and keyword analysis. Some conclusions have been made that these literatures on ecohydraulics are growing exponentially year by year; these literature involves a lot of authors and forms three research groups which scattered in Britain, the United States and New Zealand, the result clearly shows a positive correlation between the number of published literatures and the length of the research history in this subject; the main institutions of these literature include United States Geological Survey, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Lyon and University of Birmingham; and the subjects of these literature include environmental sciences & ecology, water resources, marine & freshwater biology, engineering and other subjects; more than 40% of the literature published in journals with the impact factors greater than 2.0. The main research contents are as follow: biological characteristics of aquatic organism, the impact of hydrodynamics on river habitats and aquatic organisms and, the feedback of the organism on flow. Theoretical analysis, system testing, statistical analysis and hybrid analog-digital simulation are primary research techniques and applications of the research concentrate on environmental flow requirement, habitat assessment, eco-engineering design and flow field control.

scholarly journals Toxicity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to aquatic organisms of different trophic levels

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 127346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khoshnamvand ◽  
Zhineng Hao ◽  
Oluniyi O. Fadare ◽  
Parichehr Hanachi ◽  
Yongsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels

scholarly journals Boat noise interferes with Lusitanian toadfish acoustic communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alves ◽  
Manuel Vieira ◽  
M. Clara P. Amorim ◽  
Paulo J. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Active Space ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anthropogenic Sounds ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic noise is considered a major underwater pollutant as increasing ocean background noise due to human activities is impacting aquatic organisms. One of the most prevalent anthropogenic sounds is boat noise. Although motorboat traffic has increased in the past few decades, its impact on the communication of fish is still poorly known. The highly vocal Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus) is an excellent model to test the impact of this anthropogenic stressor as it relies on acoustic communication to attract mates. Here, we performed two experiments to test the impact of boat noise on the acoustic communication of the Lusitanian toadfish. Using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique, we first compared the maximum distance a fish can perceive a boatwhistle (BW), the mate attraction acoustic signal, before and after embedding it in boat noise. Noises from a small motorboat and from a ferryboat reduced the active space from a control value of 6.4–10.4 m to 1.7–2.5 m and 6.3–6.7 m, respectively. In the second experiment we monitored the acoustic behaviour of breeding males exposed to boat noise playbacks and we observed an increase in the inter-onset interval of BWs and a disruption of the usual vocal interactions between singing males. These results demonstrate that boat noise can severely reduce the acoustic active space and affect the chorusing behaviour in this species, which may have consequences in breeding success for individuals and could thus affect fitness.

scholarly journals Physiological Homeostasis Alteration and Cellular Structure Damage of Chlorella Vulgaris Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles with Various Microstructure Morphologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningcan Deng ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
Yinghua Li ◽  
Fan Mo ◽  
Mingshuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Silver Nanocubes ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Abstract The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with single morphology exposed to aquatic organisms had been well revealed in the past decade, but few studies have been carried out to evaluate the toxicity differences between AgNPs with various microstructure morphologies, especially to algae. In this work, Chlorella vulgaris was used as the tested organism to illustrate the differences of toxic effects between silver nanospheres (AgNSs), silver nanocubes (AgNCs) and silver nanoplates (AgPLs) with concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mg⸳L-1, based on the algae’s growth (72h), chlorophyll-a content, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis (48h). The results showed that the toxicity level exposed to Chlorella vulgaris was in the order of AgPLs> AgNCs> AgNSs. The difference shown indicated that the potential toxicity of AgNPs is primarily depended on their microstructure morphologies. This current study initially revealed the structure-effects of AgNPs on Chlorella vulgaris, provided a scientific basis for aquatic environmental risk assessment.

scholarly journals HE HARMFUL OF THE HYDROELECTRIC DAMS IN MEKONG RIVER UPSTREAM ON THE ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Ba Le Huy ◽  
Hung Le ◽  
Hoan Nguyen Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The hydro-electric of the upstream Mekong (China) has been and will greatly impact on the down-stream areas, in which the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam) is suffering a lot of losses Drought due to water trapped by dams upstream together with Climate Change, Sea Level Rise are present, its impact on Vietnam Mekong Delta and given scenarios for the specialist units to propose. 12 dams in the Chinese division, they accumulate too large water; even causing floods for the people, for many years, causing drought in the downstream, especially the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: drought, lack of water for crops, livestock, for human livelihoods. Alluvium of the river stream is also retained (formerly 160,000,000.00 tons / year, this year, only 80,000,000.00 tons / year, so not only the loss of crop but also erosion of the shoreline and coastline. and saline intrusion, under the impact of climate change is rapidly increasing and very high, in addition, the Sulfate Acidification process also becomes fierce. Characteristics of the ecological system of acid sulfate soil in the Mekong Delta, it contains more than 1.7 million Ha with S content about 1.0-.8%. in normal condition, they are not toxic, but when dry, dehydrated, and air penetrates, they will sulfate acidification very strong, produces highly toxic (Al3+> 3000ppm), kills aquatic organisms and rice, and other agricultural crops. Drought due to water resources by upstream countries, mainly by China, will be increasingly fierce: 6 processes simultaneously occurring in this Ecosystem: 1- Drought, 2: sulfate acidification, 3. Saltwaterization, 4. Lack of alluvium and nutrition, 5- riverbank erosion, sedimentation of estuaries and seaports; and 6 – Coastal landslide (which in the past, accreted to the sea 100m /year, now, in contrast, erosion and sea intrusion 25m/year. Productivity of rice and fisheries has been and will continue to decrease.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

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