scholarly journals Boat noise interferes with Lusitanian toadfish acoustic communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alves ◽  
Manuel Vieira ◽  
M. Clara P. Amorim ◽  
Paulo J. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Active Space ◽  
Control Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anthropogenic Sounds ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic noise is considered a major underwater pollutant as increasing ocean background noise due to human activities is impacting aquatic organisms. One of the most prevalent anthropogenic sounds is boat noise. Although motorboat traffic has increased in the past few decades, its impact on the communication of fish is still poorly known. The highly vocal Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus) is an excellent model to test the impact of this anthropogenic stressor as it relies on acoustic communication to attract mates. Here, we performed two experiments to test the impact of boat noise on the acoustic communication of the Lusitanian toadfish. Using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) technique, we first compared the maximum distance a fish can perceive a boatwhistle (BW), the mate attraction acoustic signal, before and after embedding it in boat noise. Noises from a small motorboat and from a ferryboat reduced the active space from a control value of 6.4–10.4 m to 1.7–2.5 m and 6.3–6.7 m, respectively. In the second experiment we monitored the acoustic behaviour of breeding males exposed to boat noise playbacks and we observed an increase in the inter-onset interval of BWs and a disruption of the usual vocal interactions between singing males. These results demonstrate that boat noise can severely reduce the acoustic active space and affect the chorusing behaviour in this species, which may have consequences in breeding success for individuals and could thus affect fitness.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ALTERNATIVES FOR SAVING AND INVESTING IN THE POSTPANDEMIC PERIOD. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol S.I. (2) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Alexandru Mihai Alexandru Mihai ◽  
◽  
Ruxandra DINULESCU ◽  
Florin PUCHEANU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Approach ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops investigations in the field of saving and investing techniques related to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the Romanian trading market. The study focuses particularly on the alternatives for accumulation of money capital which can lead to a positive long-term return. The research aims to investigate the available current services and opportunities in the Romanian investment market and their returns after the pandemic. Towards this objective, the study presents the past returns for several products and the users potential risks. Furthermore, an investigation is conducted based on the latest statistics whereas different variants of portfolios are presented. Unlike most of the previous studies, this analysis has a double approach: evaluating viable alternatives depending on several characteristics and simultaneously developing a long-term potential strategy that could be used to ensure the financial future of an individual in the period of the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. This contribution provides an initial analysis of the saving and investing market of Romania before and after the pandemic.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Wang ◽  
Xupin Zhang ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

scholarly journals An investigation into adhesives to consolidate distemper paintings on canvas

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Cristina Castro Simarro
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Historical Reconstructions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates traditional and modern adhesives used to consolidate distemper paintings on canvas, with special reference to sixteenth century Hispano-tüchlein paintings, also called sargas. Such artworks are not only difficult to handle due to their large size, but they are also inherently fragile and/or are highly hygroscopic. This sensitivity is caused in part by the nature of the painting technique as well as the lack of varnish, which might account for why conservation methods related to these works have not been addressed in the past. This investigation was conducted on historical reconstructions samples to assess and develop treatment strategies for distemper paintings, in particular issues linked to powdery/friable matte paint layers. The impact of several adhesives on the painted surface of historical reconstructions was evaluated before and after the samples were subjected to humidity cycling tests using a range of analytical techniques. Such information can be used to aid conservators who face consolidation issues related to underbound paintings or artworks with similar surfaces. The results reveal that there is no one perfect adhesive for matte paint nor one that can be removed completely, once applied. Aquazol® 200 and Funori performed the best, but still introduced changes in colour and gloss, even if minimal.

scholarly journals Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Aquatic Organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2012-2015
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Silver nanoparticles are extensively used in the past few years. The presence of these silver nanoparticles concerns the risks they pose to the environment as a whole. Their tiny size and higher surface area make them a very potent threat in the aquatic ecosystem. The interactions and bioaccumulation in the aquatic ecosystem have led to disturbances in the food chain of the aquatic organism. The silver nanoparticles have caused biochemical, physiological, morphological, and neurological impairment in the aquatic organisms. There are several studies that not only report the direct impact of these AgNPs on the water bodies but also report the impact of ligand-bound AgNPs on aquatic invertebrates at different trophic levels and different medium. This literature review attempts to integrate recent findings on the impact of silver nanoparticles and associated studies on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals The Impact of Meaning Expansion at Al-Safadi in The Interpretation of Kashif Al-Asrar Wa Hatik Al-Star

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Azhar Muadh Abdulaleem Alsaadi
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The expansion of meaning in the linguistic connotation in general and the Qur’an in particular is broad and multifaceted, represented by the ability of a single word or phrase to bear the meanings of several in a single expression. The context of the text and its coordination with what is before and after it to find out the intended meaning, and Al-Safadi was aware of his linguistic taste in standing on the phenomenon (expansion of meaning) and turned in his mindset the interpretation of possible meanings according to what the context requires in the Qur’anic expression. In this research, I will discuss some of the expressions that Al-Safadi expands on the meaning of some of the verbs mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in the context of his interpretation of the Qur’anic verses. The research was divided into three demands: The first topic: Expanding the meaning of the past tense. The second topic: Expanding the meaning of the present verb. The third topic: Expanding the meaning of the verb command.

scholarly journals HE HARMFUL OF THE HYDROELECTRIC DAMS IN MEKONG RIVER UPSTREAM ON THE ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Ba Le Huy ◽  
Hung Le ◽  
Hoan Nguyen Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The hydro-electric of the upstream Mekong (China) has been and will greatly impact on the down-stream areas, in which the Mekong Delta (Viet Nam) is suffering a lot of losses Drought due to water trapped by dams upstream together with Climate Change, Sea Level Rise are present, its impact on Vietnam Mekong Delta and given scenarios for the specialist units to propose. 12 dams in the Chinese division, they accumulate too large water; even causing floods for the people, for many years, causing drought in the downstream, especially the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: drought, lack of water for crops, livestock, for human livelihoods. Alluvium of the river stream is also retained (formerly 160,000,000.00 tons / year, this year, only 80,000,000.00 tons / year, so not only the loss of crop but also erosion of the shoreline and coastline. and saline intrusion, under the impact of climate change is rapidly increasing and very high, in addition, the Sulfate Acidification process also becomes fierce. Characteristics of the ecological system of acid sulfate soil in the Mekong Delta, it contains more than 1.7 million Ha with S content about 1.0-.8%. in normal condition, they are not toxic, but when dry, dehydrated, and air penetrates, they will sulfate acidification very strong, produces highly toxic (Al3+> 3000ppm), kills aquatic organisms and rice, and other agricultural crops. Drought due to water resources by upstream countries, mainly by China, will be increasingly fierce: 6 processes simultaneously occurring in this Ecosystem: 1- Drought, 2: sulfate acidification, 3. Saltwaterization, 4. Lack of alluvium and nutrition, 5- riverbank erosion, sedimentation of estuaries and seaports; and 6 – Coastal landslide (which in the past, accreted to the sea 100m /year, now, in contrast, erosion and sea intrusion 25m/year. Productivity of rice and fisheries has been and will continue to decrease.

scholarly journals AN OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO COMPARISON OF SYARIAH STOCKS BEFORE AND AFTER THE WEAKENING OF THE 2015 INDONESIAN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ridho Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Stock Return ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Optimal Portfolio ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stock Portfolios ◽  
Portfolio Strategies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This paper contains the results of a comparative study of Islamic stock portfolios between the years of 2014-2016. In 2015, Indonesia's economic growth experienced the lowest weakening in the past 6 years. The Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) on 2014 experienced an uptrend, in 2015 it rebounded to a downtrend, and in 2016 an uptrend is experienced again. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Islamic stock portfolios before, during and after the weakening of the Indonesian economy and to find the impact of the optimal portfolio strategies in conditions of fluctuating economic growth performance. The population are all the Islamic stocks that are listed on JII in every period during the years of 2013 - 2016. The sample used the Purposive Sampling method, the portfolio performance assessment used the Treynor index and analyzed the data using the Paired-sample T-Test. The results of the study are that (H1) was rejected with a significance value of 0.699&gt; 0.05, (H2) was rejected with a significance value of 0.910&gt; 0.05 and (H3) was rejected with a significance value of 0.797 &lt;0.05. In conclusion, all the hypotheses (H1, H2, H3) are rejected and H0 is accepted. Based on these results, the use of the optimal portfolio method in investment is able to minimize the risks, although it doesn’t eliminate the risk.</em><em></em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>: </strong><em>Jakarta Islamic Index</em><em>, </em><em>Stock Portofolio, Stock Return, Stock Risk</em><em></em></p>

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

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