scholarly journals Economics of Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Production in a Selected Upazila of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basanta K Barmon ◽  
Imrana Sharmin ◽  
Parvez K Abbasi ◽  
Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Benefit Cost

A study was conducted during 2011 to estimate profit, benefit cost ratio (BCR) and household income of mushroom production and also to explore the problems of producing mushroom and its marketing channels in Bangladesh. Thirty samples were randomly selected and information on mushroom production was collected using comprehensive questionnaire from Savar Upazila in Dhaka district. Mushroom was found to be a profitable agricultural enterprise (22,888 taka per farm). The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 1.55. The average family household income was about Tk. 43,731. Usually, three intermediaries (mushroom office, wholesalers and retailers) are involved in the marketing channels of mushroom. The marketing margin of mushroom for farm-gate to wholesalers and wholesalers to retailers were taka 50 and 70 per kg, respectively. It was revealed that rich and middle income group people were the main mushroom customers. Even though mushroom is a profitable enterprise, the producers faced numerous problems regarding mushroom production and marketing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13144 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 77-89

scholarly journals PEMASARAN GARAM RAKYAT (Studi Kasus Desa Lembung, Kecamatan Galis, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Jawa Timur)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syariful Jamil ◽  
Netti Tinaprilla
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ratio Approach ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Benefit Cost

Salt is a strategic and high economic valued commodity because it is needed in every human food as a main raw material. The purpose of this research was to analyze marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt commodity and to analyze the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in anymarketing channel using marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approach. The research showed that there were main channels, the formation of which was based on the starting point of the distribution with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channel. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all marketing channels were inefficient. This was due to the fact that farmers had a role as a price taker and price fixing tended to be unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Thus, goverment role was hoped to change farmers‘roles and improve the presence of farmer groups to increase farmer prosperity.

scholarly journals SISTEM PEMASARAN BERAS DI KECAMATAN CIBEBER, KABUPATEN CIANJUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Alexandro Ephannuel Saragih ◽  
Netti Tinaprilla
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Rice Farmer ◽  
Benefit Cost

Rice is the basic commodity that becomes the staple food for Indonesian. The objectives of this research were to analyse marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of rice farmer in Cibeber Subdistrict. In addition, the purposes of this research were to analyse the marketing efficiency using the marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approaches. The research was conducted in 3 villages in Cisalak, Karangnunggal, Salamnunggal involving 30 farmers as respondents. 7 marketing institutions and 10 marketing channels are in the subdistrict. Generally, market structure in this subdistrict is oligopsonistic. Based on the marketing function and the profitable ratio of marketing cost, the most efficient channel is through farmers-middlemen-major collector and rice mills in village-retailer-consumer rice in Jakarta. The farmer should have made farmer groups as part of their marketing system in order to improve the bargaining position and easier capitalization through the warehouse system in Cianjur.

scholarly journals Frequency of Anxiety and Its Risk Factors Among Working & Non-Working Women of Peshawar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Nighat Musa ◽  
Yasir Mehmood ◽  
Asghar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency of anxiety & its risk factors among working and non-working women. METHODOLOGY: Study design was descriptive observational. The study duration was seven months (June – December 2016). It was a community based study.Sample size for this study was calculated on 52% prevalence of anxiety Pakistan. A total of 400 women were selected (200 working and 200 non-working women). A semi structured questionnaire was used along with Taylor manifest anxiety scale as study tool. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs. RESULTS:The frequency of anxiety was 58%. Anxiety was more among working women than non-working women. Most of the women were literate 65.5%. Majority of the women having anxiety were living in nuclear family. The age group most effected was between 21-35 years (67%), 58% were married, single were 34% and 8% were either divorced or widow. Approximately 58% of women with anxiety had less than 2 children and 42% were having more than 2 children. Approximately 88% women with anxiety belonged from low and middle income group having less than 20,000/-PKR and 20,001-50,000/-PKR household income respectively. Only 12% belonged from high group having more than 50,001/- PKR.Conclusions: Anxiety is more common among working women. Married women living in nuclear family system, being single, young age group between 21-35 years, less than 2 children and low household income were the key risk factors.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN DAN KONTRIBUSI USAHA LEBAH MADU KELULUT DI DESA TELAGA LANGSAT KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Irga Hutama Ramadhan ◽  
Z. Abidin ◽  
Z. Abidin ◽  
H. Fauzi ◽  
T. Satriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Local Government Policy

Tanah Laut District has been designated by the Ministry of Forestry as an area for developing Leading Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) in the form of honey bee cultivation. This is in line with the local government policy of Tanah Laut Regency through the Decree of the Regent of Tanah Laut Number: 188.45 / 463-KUM / 2013 which stipulates honey as the leading NTFP in Tanah Laut. The types of honey that are cultivated are bees Apis cerena, Apis mellifera and Kelulut (Trigona itama).  Dusun Trans Kopi Telaga Langsat, Tanah Laut district is one of the areas where there are farmers who practice kelulut honey bee cultivation. However, so far there has been no information or study results that show how feasible the honey cultivation business is carried out by kelulut honey bee farmers in this area. This research aims were analyzed the feasibility of honey bee cultivation and its contribution to farmer household income. The data collected  in this research were done by interviewing and observing. The analyzed of data had been obtained by BCR formula (Benefit Cost Ratio) to determine the feasibility of the business. The contribution of business was conducted to determine how much contribution of kelulut honey bee cultivation for  farmers' household income. The results showed that the business carried out by Yamani's kelulut honey bee business had a BCR value of 5.72 with a contribution to household income of 16.77%. Meanwhile, Rudi's kelulut honey bee business has a BCR of 8.73 with a contribution to household income of 8.99%. Kelulut honey bee cultivation which is carried out by the two farmers is a type of business that is worthy of investment because the value of each BCR is more than 1 (BCR> 1).

Comparative Effectiveness Of Seed Treating And Foliar Insecticides Against Sucking Pests Of Cotton And Impact On Their Natural Enemies

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Hossain ◽  
MA Baque ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

The Imidacloprid insecticide, Gaucho 70 WS at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg seed was used as seed treatment and monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha was applied as foliar spray on CB9 cotton cultivar to suppress aphid, whitefly and thrips, and impact on their natural enemies during 2008-2011 at the Regional Cotton Research Station, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The activity of natural enemies, such as ladybird beetle, lacewing, syrphid, and spider population on the sucking pests attacking cotton cultivar CB9 and yield of cotton were recorded. Imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid, whitefly, and thrips population on cotton crops compared to untreated control or foliar spray of monocrotophos 40 WSC at 1120 ml/ha. Ladybird beetles, lacewings, syrphids, and spiders were abundant in the field but their population decreased in the treated plots compared to untreated control. The CB9 cotton cultivar produced significantly higher yield (1.73 t/ha) with a benefit cost ratio 12.47 when seeds were treated with Imidacloprid at 5.5 g/kg fuzzy seed. This study indicated that Imidacloprid (Gaucho 70 WS) used as a seed treatment may be suggested to the cotton growers for controlling sucking pests. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 61-70, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15190

Middle Income Group and Debt Fund

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Dr. Shakti Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Group

EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novdin M Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun  2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %,  B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

KELAYAKAN USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN MENGGUNAKAN JARING INSANG (GILL NET) DI WADUK JATIGEDE KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Wahyu Setiawan ◽  
Atikah Nurhayati ◽  
Titin Herawati ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Profit Value

Gill net is one of the fishing gear used by Jatigede Reservoir fisherman. The purpose of this research is to analyzed the feasibility of fish catching business with gill net in Jatigede Reservoir. This research was conducted by used data collection method (observation, questioner, literature study) and method of data analysis (feasibility business analysis). The benefits of this research is expected to be informations and references for the research who will expand a fishing business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir. The result of feasibility of fish catching business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is profit value Rp. 70.890.000, Break Event Point price and production (all species of fish) Rp. 4.154/kg and 2.136kg in a year, Benefit Cost Ratio 3,37, Payback Period 2 months and Net Present Value >1 Rp. 52.820.243, the fish catching business using gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is feasible to be developed.

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