scholarly journals Coexistence of Tubercular Lymphadinitis and Pleural Effusion - A Rare Presentation

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
A Chowdhury ◽  
M Hoque ◽  
M Shaheeduzzaman ◽  
M Rokonudidn ◽  
NA Chawdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Neck Swelling ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis ◽  
Systemic Bacterial Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent systemic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this article we are reporting a patient with bilateral pleural effusion and left sided neck swelling. Histopathologyof thc neck swelling diagnosed the case as tubcrculous lymphadcnopathy. Thorough investigation revealed no evidence of primary tuberculosis elsewhere, the patient improved dramatically within one month of `4 drugs combination of anti-tubercular therapy. The patient was asked to continue treatment till the prescribed period. There are limited global reports on the coexistence of tubercular lymphadenitis and pleural effusion and possibly this is the first case study from Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v3i1.10112 AKMMCJ 2012; 3(1): 31-33

Rare presentation of subglottic soft-tissue swelling following FOLFOX therapy in a patient with metastatic oesophageal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e240938
Author(s):  
Siva Naga S Yarrarapu ◽  
Austin B Govero ◽  
Faeq R Kukhon ◽  
Devang K Sanghavi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Bone Tumour ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Neck Swelling ◽  
Anterior Neck ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling

Oesophageal cancer is categorised among the most fatal cancers across the world with a mortality ranking of sixth position. Chemotherapy with FOLFOX—a regimen of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin—has been approved in the treatment of oesophageal cancer owing to its lower toxicity compared with the previous regimens. We report the first case of a patient with oesophageal cancer metastatic to the hyoid presenting with sudden-onset shortness of breath and anterior neck swelling secondary to treatment with FOLFOX-6. CT was notable for subglottic soft-tissue swelling and cystic necrosis of the hyoid bone tumour, and the patient subsequently required placement of a definitive airway via tracheostomy. This case illustrates the importance of anticipating the need for pre-emptive tracheostomy in patients with hyoid bone tumours receiving treatment with FOLFOX.

scholarly journals Congenital Tuberculosis in an Infant – Epidemiological Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
A Kharate ◽  
Jyoti Khurana ◽  
M Patidar ◽  
N Doshi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Congenital Tuberculosis

Congenital Tuberculosis was diagnosed in a 40-days-old premature infant. The infant had fever. A chest radiograph showed infiltrates which was thought to be bacterial infection. Gastric aspirate revealed acid- fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and fluorescent microscopy later confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis by  Gene Xpert MTB/RIF test. Her 22 years old mother was later diagnosed as a case of tuberculosis with symptoms, signs and radiologic manifestation of mild pleural effusion with infiltration. Infant was treated with isoniazid, syrup rifampicin, pyrazinamide and  pyridoxine and mother with RNTCP Cat I regimen.SAARC J TUBER DIS HIV/AIDS, 2016;XIII (1), page: 43-45

Scales and Units

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
River Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Approaches

This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.

Applications of random graphs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.C. Coolen ◽  
A. Annibale ◽  
E.S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Random Graphs ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction Network

This chapter reviews graph generation techniques in the context of applications. The first case study is power grids, where proposed strategies to prevent blackouts have been tested on tailored random graphs. The second case study is in social networks. Applications of random graphs to social networks are extremely wide ranging – the particular aspect looked at here is modelling the spread of disease on a social network – and how a particular construction based on projecting from a bipartite graph successfully captures some of the clustering observed in real social networks. The third case study is on null models of food webs, discussing the specific constraints relevant to this application, and the topological features which may contribute to the stability of an ecosystem. The final case study is taken from molecular biology, discussing the importance of unbiased graph sampling when considering if motifs are over-represented in a protein–protein interaction network.

Investigating the potential of redundant manipulators in narrow channels

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096451
Author(s):  
Ashish Singla ◽  
Jyotindra Narayan ◽  
Himanshu Arora
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Redundant Manipulators ◽  
Redundancy Resolution ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
First Case ◽  
Task Priority ◽  
Patient Side

In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the potential of redundant manipulators, while tracking trajectories in narrow channels. The behavior of redundant manipulators is important in many challenging applications like under-water welding in narrow tanks, checking the blockage in sewerage pipes, performing a laparoscopy operation etc. To demonstrate this snake-like behavior, redundancy resolution scheme is utilized using two different approaches. The first approach is based on the concept of task priority, where a given task is split and prioritize into several subtasks like singularity avoidance, obstacle avoidance, torque minimization, and position preference over orientation etc. The second approach is based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), where the training is provided through given datasets and the results are back-propagated using augmentation of neural networks with fuzzy logics. Three case studies are considered in this work to demonstrate the redundancy resolution of serial manipulators. The first case study of 3-link manipulator is attempted with both the approaches, where the objective is to track the desired trajectory while avoiding multiple obstacles. The second case study of 7-link manipulator, tracking trajectory in a narrow channel, is investigated using the concept of task priority. The realistic application of minimum-invasive surgery (MIS) based trajectory tracking is considered as the third case study, which is attempted using ANFIS approach. The 5-link spatial redundant manipulator, also known as a patient-side manipulator being developed at CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh is used to track the desired surgical cuts. Through the three case studies, it is well demonstrated that both the approaches are giving satisfactory results.

Prolapsed Nasal Polyp Causing Acute Airway Obstruction: An Exceptional Presentation

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Krupa R. Patel ◽  
Ashton E. Lehmann ◽  
Aria Jafari ◽  
Daniel L. Faden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Polyp ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sinonasal Symptoms ◽  
Or History

Although nasal polyposis is a common clinical entity, there is limited literature describing the rare presentation of sudden prolapse of a massive nasal polyp resulting in an airway emergency in an adult. We present the first case report to our knowledge of a patient without any preceding sinonasal symptoms or history of anticoagulation who experienced acute upper airway obstruction due to sudden hemorrhage and prolapse of a large nasal polyp. Based on our experience treating this patient, we discuss special considerations in all phases of care to ensure safe and effective management of such an exceptional clinical scenario.

scholarly journals Emphysematous pyelonephritis with air bubble in the inferior vena cava

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Perkins ◽  
Alberic Rogman ◽  
Murali K. Ankem
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) with gas in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare presentation and to our knowledge, this is the first case report in the urologic literature. Case presentation A 35-Year-old obese diabetic Hispanic female presented to the emergency room with a clinical picture of septic shock. Prompt computerized tomography scan revealed EPN with gas throughout the right renal parenchyma and extending to the right renal vein, IVC, and pulmonary artery. She died before surgical intervention Conclusion This case demonstrates that patients presenting with severe EPN have a high mortality risk and providers should acknowledge that septic shock, endogenous air emboli, or a combination of both could result in cardiovascular collapse and sudden death.

scholarly journals Sensitivity analysis for interpretation of machine learning based segmentation models in cardiac MRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J. Ankenbrand ◽  
Liliia Shainberg ◽  
Michael Hock ◽  
David Lohr ◽  
Laura M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Model Interpretation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Segmentation Models

Abstract Background Image segmentation is a common task in medical imaging e.g., for volumetry analysis in cardiac MRI. Artificial neural networks are used to automate this task with performance similar to manual operators. However, this performance is only achieved in the narrow tasks networks are trained on. Performance drops dramatically when data characteristics differ from the training set properties. Moreover, neural networks are commonly considered black boxes, because it is hard to understand how they make decisions and why they fail. Therefore, it is also hard to predict whether they will generalize and work well with new data. Here we present a generic method for segmentation model interpretation. Sensitivity analysis is an approach where model input is modified in a controlled manner and the effect of these modifications on the model output is evaluated. This method yields insights into the sensitivity of the model to these alterations and therefore to the importance of certain features on segmentation performance. Results We present an open-source Python library (misas), that facilitates the use of sensitivity analysis with arbitrary data and models. We show that this method is a suitable approach to answer practical questions regarding use and functionality of segmentation models. We demonstrate this in two case studies on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The first case study explores the suitability of a published network for use on a public dataset the network has not been trained on. The second case study demonstrates how sensitivity analysis can be used to evaluate the robustness of a newly trained model. Conclusions Sensitivity analysis is a useful tool for deep learning developers as well as users such as clinicians. It extends their toolbox, enabling and improving interpretability of segmentation models. Enhancing our understanding of neural networks through sensitivity analysis also assists in decision making. Although demonstrated only on cardiac magnetic resonance images this approach and software are much more broadly applicable.

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