scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Brassica on weed control and yield of wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Biswas ◽  
MM Morshed ◽  
MJ Ullah ◽  
IJ Irin
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Brassica Kaber

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to identify the allelopathic effect of Brassica species along with their incorporation methods to control weeds in wheat field. The experiment was assigned in a split-plot design where three cultivated Brassica spp. were in the main plot and five different ways of green Brassica biomass inclusion were in the sub-plot. Brassica crops were uprooted at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and incorporated to the soil @ 0.5 kg m-2 as per treatment. Wheat seeds were sown on December 04, 2007 using 20 cm line to line distance. Weeds e.g., Amaranthus spinosus, A. viridis, Lindernia procumbens, Heliotropium indicum, Polygonum hydropiper, Celosis argentina, Ageratum conyzoides, Brassica kaber and Digitaria ischaemum were not found in the wheat field. Significantly the highest weed dry matter (1.72 g m-2) was found in Brassica juncea plots at 30 DAS but in Brassica napus field (1.44 g m-2) at 50 DAS. The lowest weed dry matter at 30 DAS (0.89 g m-2) was recorded with total incorporation of Brassica biomass to the soil but 50% incorporation and 50% spreading at 50 DAS. The Brassica biomass spreading above ground, mixed with soil and 50% spreading + 50% mixed with soil resulted positively compared to other ways of biomass incorporation. The highest grain yield (3.83 t ha-1) of wheat was given by Brassica juncea when spreaded on the above ground soil.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 73-80

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa) Varieties against Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa cruss-gulli)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Ferdoushi Rahaman ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Sandwich Technique ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice has been subjected to a great deal of stress during its brief existence, but it nevertheless ranked first among cereal crops in terms of demand and productivity. Weeds are characterized as one of the major biotic stresses by many researchers. This research aims to determine the most potential allelopathic rice variety among selected rice accessions. For obtaining preeminent varieties, seventeen rice genotypes were collected from Bangladesh and Malaysia. Two prevalent procedures, relay seeding and the sandwich technique were employed to screen the seventeen rice (donor) accessions against barnyard grass (tested plant). In both approaches, only the BR17 variety demonstrated substantial inhibition of germination percentage, root length, and dry matter of barnyard grass. The rice variety BR17 exclusively took the zenith position, and it inhibited the development of barnyard grass by more than 40–41% on an average. BR17 is originated from KN-1B-361-1-8-6-10 (Indonesia) and developed by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh in 1985, having a high yielding capacity of more than 6 t/ha. Our study suggested that the usage of the allelopathy-weed inverse relationship to treat the weed problem can be a fantastic choice in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Response of Late Sowing on the Yield and Yield Contributing Character of Different Varieties of Mustard and Rapeseed in Coastal Area of Barguna

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MR Talukder ◽  
Shaleh Uddin ◽  
SI Khan ◽  
Altab Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Late Sowing ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was carried at Multi Location Testing site Barguna to determine suitable variety of mustard (Brassica species) for the late sowing condition for the coastal area of Bangladesh during rabi season of 1998-1999 and 1999-2000. Four varieties of mustard such as Daulat, Rai-5, Improved tory-7, and Ishurdi local with four sowing dates viz.15 Nov, 23 Nov, 30 Nov. and 7 Dec. were used for the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with sowing date in the main plot and varieties in the sub plot. The results revealed that the variety Daulat (1035 kg/ha) and Ishurdi local (1014 kg/ha) produced identically superior yield irrespective of sowing time. 15 November (1164 kg/ha) and 23 November (1002 kg/ha) recorded identically superior yield irrespect of variety. Daulat and Ishurdi local variety sowing could be delayed up to 30 November to obtain a profitable yield of (872 kg/ha) and (940 kg/ha) respectively which was still economically profitable. Key words: Mustard and rapes, Late sowing , variety, Yield, coastal area. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4), 441-448., 2007

Mapping genes for resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica juncea

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Christianson ◽  
S R Rimmer ◽  
A G Good ◽  
D J Lydiate
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Blackleg Disease ◽  
Recessive Resistance ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Blackleg disease of crucifers, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is a major concern to oilseed rape producers worldwide. Brassica species containing the B genome have high levels of resistance to blackleg. Brassica juncea F2 and first-backcross (B1) populations segregating for resistance to a PG2 isolate of L. maculans were created. Segregation for resistance to L. maculans in these populations suggested that resistance was controlled by two independent genes, one dominant and one recessive in nature. A map of the B. juncea genome was constructed using segregation in the F2 population of a combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and microsatel lite markers. The B. juncea map consisted of 325 loci and was aligned with previous maps of the Brassica A and B genomes. The gene controlling dominant resistance to L. maculans was positioned on linkage group J13 based on segregation for resistance in the F2 population. This position was confirmed in the B1 population in which the resistance gene was definitively mapped in the interval flanked by pN199RV and sB31143F. The provisional location of the recessive gene controlling resistance to L. maculans on linkage group J18 was identified using a subset of informative F2 individuals.Key words: blackleg, B genome, phoma, recessive resistance.

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

Growth and Seed Return of Auxin-Type Herbicide Resistant Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Debreuil ◽  
Lyle F. Friesen ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicide ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Brassica Kaber ◽  
Very High

The growth and seed return of auxin herbicide resistant (R) wild mustard was compared to that of a susceptible (S) biotype in wheat in the field. In the absence of herbicide, the S biotype accumulated shoot dry matter more quickly than the R biotype throughout most of the growing season. However, in only one of the two years did the S biotype set substantially more seed than the R biotype (3120 versus 2520 seeds plant−1). The recommended dosage of 2,4-D for wild mustard control (420 g ai ha−1) killed all S plants in both years of the study, and severely inhibited growth and seed return of R plants. Shoot dry matter accumulation and seed return of treated R plants were reduced 75 to 90% compared to the untreated control. However, at a density of 20 plants m−2R seed return was still very high; 9000 and 5700 seeds m−2in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The recommended dosage of dicamba (300 g ha−1) did not inhibit the growth and seed return of either S or R wild mustard to the same extent as 2,4-D. Dicamba at 300 g ha−1reduced S shoot dry matter and seed return 80 to 90%, while R shoot dry matter and seed return was reduced 60 to 65%. The results of this study indicate a very high selection pressure for R wild mustard at recommended dosages of 2,4-D. Despite a high selection pressure, and considering the long history of phenoxy herbicide usage on the Prairies, the relatively rare occurrence of phenoxy herbicide resistant weeds implies that the frequency of resistant individuals is very low. From a mathematical model it was determined that the frequency of R wild mustard in an unselected population may be in the order of 10−30.

Comparative growth of white clover sown into pots of soil from old pastures and adjacent roadsides

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Different Levels

It is often claimed that improved pastures grow better in the early years after initial establishment than after many years of fertilization and grazing. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter production of white clover and perennial ryegrass when sown into soil from old established pastures and into soil taken from adjacent roadsides which had not previously been cultivated, fertilized, sown or grazed. On 8 out of 10 sites, white clover growth was consistently poorer when sown into the paddock soil than into the roadside soil. The average growth on paddock soil from these 8 sites was only 61% that of growth on the roadside soils. With perennial ryegrass there was no similar depression; in fact, the overall average growth of grass on the paddock soils was 121% that on the roadside soils. The explanation for this difference in growth of clover on the two soil types was apparently not due to any difference in the N status of the clover plants, as at no harvest was this difference significantly reduced when N fertilizer was regularly applied to the clover. The economic importance of these findings depends on confirmation of the results in the field. Possible, but untested, explanations may lie in different levels of soil-borne pests and diseases, or a residual allelopathic effect of improved pasture species on the growth of clover on the old pasture soil.

Phytoremediation: Enhanced cadmium (Cd) accumulation by organic manuring, EDTA and microbial inoculants (Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.) in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Panwar ◽  
I. Kádár ◽  
B. Bíró ◽  
K. Rajkai-Végh ◽  
P. Ragályi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Living Organisms

Phytoremediation is an approach designed to extract excessive heavy metals from contaminated soils through plant uptake. Cadmium (Cd) is among the elements most toxic to living organisms. Health hazards associated with the lethal intake of Cd include renal (kidney) damage, anaemia, hypertension and liver damage. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown on artificially spiked soil (100 μg Cd g−1) with EDTA (2 mmol kg−1 in 5 split doses), FYM, vermicompost (VC) and microbial inoculants (MI) such as Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The growth of Brassica juncea L. was better in soil amended with FYM or VC as compared to unamended Cd-polluted soil. Growth was slightly suppressed in EDTA-treated soil, whereas it was better after treatment with MI. The application of FYM and VC increased the dry matter yield of Indian mustard either alone or in combination with microbial inoculants, while that of EDTA caused a significant decrease in the biomass of Indian mustard. The application of microbial inoculants increased the dry matter yield of both the roots and shoots, but not significantly, because MI shows greater sensitivity towards cadmium. The maximum cadmium concentration was observed in the EDTA +MI treatment, but Cd uptake was maximum in the VC + MI treatment. The Cd concentration in the shoots increased by 120% in CdEDTA over the Cd100 treatment, followed by CdVC (65%) and CdFYM (42%) in the absence of microbial inoculants. The corresponding values in the presence of MI were 107, 51 and 37%, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in the roots in the order CdEDTA+M > CdVC+M > CdFYM+M>Cd100+M.MI caused an increase in Cd content of 5.5% in the roots and 4.1% in the shoots in the CdEDTA+M treatment compared with the CdEDTA treatment. FYM, VC and EDTA also increased Cd uptake significantly both in the shoots and roots with and without microbial inoculants.The results indicated that Vermicompost in combination with microbial inoculants is the best treatment for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by Indian mustard, as revealed by the Cd uptake values in the shoots: CdVC+M (2265.7 μg/pot) followed by CdEDTA+M (2251.2 μg/pot), CdFYM+M (1485.7 μg/pot) and Cd100+M (993.1 μg/pot).

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic male sterility and inter and intra subgenomic heterosis studies in Brassica species: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Valiollah Rameeh
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Potential Use

Plants of the genus Brassica comprise a remarkably diverse group of crops and encompass varieties that are grown as oilseeds, vegetables, condiment mustards and forages. One of the basic requirements for developing hybrid varieties in oilseed Brassica is the availability of proven heterosis. The development of hybrid cultivars has been successful in many Brassica spp. Midparent heterosis and high-parent heterosis (heterobeltiosis) have extensively been explored and utilized for boosting various quantity and quality traits in rapeseed. Heterosis is commercially exploited in rapeseed and its potential use has been demonstrated in turnip rape (B. rapa L.) and Indian mustard (B. juncea L.) for seed yield and most of the agronomic traits. The oilseed rape plant, B. napus, possesses two endogenous male sterile cytoplasms, nap and pol. Ogura type of cytoplasmic male sterility was first discovered in Japanese wild radish and other male-sterile Brassicas (Ogura bearing cytoplasm) derived from interspecific crosses. Information concerning the allelic frequencies of restorers can be useful in trying to understand their evolutionary origins. The ogu, pol and nap cytoplasms of B. napus induce sterility in all, some, and only a few cultivars, respectively. In this study, different kinds of male sterility, combining ability and heterosis of qualitative and quantitative traits in different Brassica species will be revi?wed.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS SERANGAN AKIBAT HAMA PEMAKAN DAUN SETELAH APLIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L.) PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ayu N.S.A Lumban Gaol ◽  
Henny Lieke Rampe ◽  
Marhaenus Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Random Design ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Mustard Plant

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi intensitas serangan akibat hama pemakan daun setelah aplikasi ekstrak daun Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), pada tanaman  sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Penelitian bertempat di lahan percobaan Kelurahan Lansot, Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan, Kota Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun babadotan dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu: P0=kontrol,  P1=100 g/L, P2= 200 g/L dan P3= 300 g/L. Aplikasi ekstrak daun babadotan dilakukan pada 16 hari setelah tanam (HST), 26 HST dan 36 HST. Parameter yang diamati yaitu luas intensitas serangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada p=0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun babadotan menurunkan intensitas serangan  hama pemakan daun pada tanaman sawi. Aplikasi ekstrak daun babadotan sebesar 300 gr/L dapat menekan serangan hama pemakan daun pada tanaman sawi.Kata kunci: Ekstrak  daun babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.), Intensitas serangan hama. INTENSITY OF ATTACK DUE TO LEAF EATER  PESTS AFTER APPLICATION OF BABADOTAN LEAF EXTRACT (Ageratum conyzoides l.). IN MUSTARD PLANTS (Brassica juncea L.)  ABSTRACTResearch has been carried out to evaluate the intensity of attacks due to leaf eater pests after application of babadotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.) on mustard plants (Brassica juncea L.). This research took place at the trial area of Lansot village, Tomohon central, Tomohon city, North Sulawesi. The study used the experimental method Completely Random Design with 3 replications. The concentration of babadotan leaf extract with four treatment levels, namely: P0 = (control), P1= 100 g/L,  P2= 200 g/L and  P 3= 300 g/L.  The application of babadotan leaf extract was carried out at 16 days after planting (HST), 26 HST and 36 HST. The parameter observed was the area of intensity. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD comparisons test with  p value 0.05. The results showed that the application of babadotan leaf extract reduced the intensity of attacks due to leaf eating pests on mustard plants. Application of babadotan leaf exctract of 300 gr/L can suppress leaf eating pests in mustard plants.Keywords: Babadotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides L.), mustard plant   (Brassica  juncea L.), Intensity of attack.

scholarly journals Toleransi Galur Harapan Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persaingan dengan Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Usman , ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Dan Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

<em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) is a major weed competitor to rice production in Indonesia. In order to develop integrated weed management program, a research to select competitive rice lines to E. crus-galli was conducted in a green house of Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development Bogor. The research design was split plot with four replications, E. crus-galli was designed as the main plot (rice without E. crus-galli compared  rice with four E. crus-galli per pot), and the sub-plots were 25 genotypes (23 lines, 1 tolerant variety and 1 sensitive variety). Level of tolerance was determined by the reduction percentage of grains weight, the number of productive tillers and dry matter weight. The results showed that rice competition with E. crus-galli reduced plant height, productive tiller numbers, filled spikelet numbers per panicle, dry matter weight and dry grain weight. Three lines, i.e., IR10L-155, IR10L-133 and BIO-R84-1 were classified as tolerant, 19 lines were moderate and 3 lines were sensitive to E. crus-galli competition.<br /><br />Keywords: Barnyard grass, competition, sensitive line, yield reduction </em>

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