scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical appraisal of some pulse crops under salinity stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-451
Author(s):  
MAH Khan ◽  
MA Baset Mia ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
MMH Saikat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Relative Root Length ◽  
Relative Root

The experiment was conducted at the field and laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during the period from December 2016 to March 2017 to find out the morpho-anatomical appraisal of some pulse crops of Fabaceae family under salinity stress. Seven pulse crops viz., Lentil var. BARI Masur-7, Mungbean var. BARI Mung- 6, Blackgram var. BARI Maskalai-1, Chickpea var. BARI Chola-9, Field pea var. BARI Motor-1, Grasspea var. BARI Khesari-3 and Cowpea var. BARI Felon-2; two levels of salinity 0 and 8 dSm-1were imposed as experimental treatments. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The NaCl was directly mixed to the dry soil. The soil (6 kg pot-1) of each treatment was placed in plastic pots with drainage holes in the bottom. The results of the experiment revealed that, salt stress caused decrease in morphological attributes and also changed anatomical features. There was a significant variation in relative values (%) of plant height, root length (%) root dry matter (%) and shoot dry matter (%) of seven selected pulse crop varieties due to the salinity stress. The highest percentage of relative plant height (92), relative root length (98), relative root dry weight (89) and relative shoot dry weight (72.8) were observed in cowpea followed by grass pea and the lowest percentage of relative plant height (51), relative root length (56), relative root dry weight (54) and relative shoot dry weight (48) were observed in lentil. The stem anatomical features were found similar changes in xylem and phloem area. Among the pulse crop varieties, cowpea and grass pea were performed better whereas lentil and black gram were found more susceptible species than the others according to their morphological and anatomical attributes. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 439-451, September 2019

Effect of Rhizobium inoculation to nodulation and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakka Samudin ◽  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Nitrogen is an important macronutrient mineral that is needed in the largest amount by the plant and is the main limiting factor for plant development. Rhizobium is a group of bacteria capable of providing nutrients for soybean crops. When symbiotic with legume crops, this group of bacteria is able to infect plant roots and form root nodules. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Rhizobium on nodulation and growth of some soybean germplasm. The results showed no interaction between the inoculation treatment and the genotype. The significant effect of inoculation was shown by the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, root length, and root dry weight. Inoculation did not affect plant height and shoot dry weight. These traits were more influenced by genetic factors. In the condition without inoculation, the root length was higher but the root dry weight was lower. Plant height differed between the genotypes. KPT5 and KPT6 showed the highest plant height than any other genotypes. Both genotypes also had the highest shoot dry weight. The highest shoot dry weight was also achieved by KPT4.

scholarly journals Adaptation Selection of Plants for Utilization in Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fadliah Salim ◽  
Yadi Setiadi ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Mohamad Yani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The research on adaptation selection for utilization in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil using four type plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Paspalum conjugatum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tagetes erecta were conducted. The adaptability of four types of plants  on crude oil contaminated soil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level at 0, 3, and 6% were observed and evaluated to their morphological and anatomical responses. Parameters observed were vegetative growth of plants including growth precentage, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, total dry weight, and stomatal density for 9 weeks cultivation in screen house. The results show that increasing in TPH level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. In contrast, the increasing in TPH level caused to increasing in root/shoot ratio. The four types of plants studied were effective to be used as plants for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. The plants of P. conjugatum and S. bicolor are recommended as phytoremediators for further studies.

scholarly journals Root Pruning Influences Level of Embolism during Posttransplant Growth of Corylus colurna

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 689d-689
Author(s):  
P.R. Knight ◽  
J.R. Harris ◽  
J.K. Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Two-year-old, bareroot, Corylus colurna seedlings were grown in 7.5-L containers from 15 Mar. to 23 June 1995. Plants were grown in a glasshouse using pine bark media. Temperatures were maintained at 30/20°C. Plants received no fertilization or Osmocote 18–6–12 top-dressed at 14 or 28 g/container. Additionally, plants were pruned to remove 0%, 25%, or 50% of the root system based on root length. Height, diameter, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight increased linearly as rate of fertilization increased. Percent embolism was not influenced by rate of fertilization. Plant height, branch number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight were not influenced by rate of root pruning. Plant diameter increased linearly as rate of root pruning decreased. Percent embolism increased linearly as rate of root pruning increased.

scholarly journals Efek Kombinasi Musik Gamelan Gong Kebyar dan Cahaya LED (Light Emitting Diode) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Sawi Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gede Teguh Sigmarawan ◽  
I Made Anom S. Wijaya ◽  
I Putu Gede Budisanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Led ◽  
Blue Led ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Wet Weight

This study aims to (1) determine the effect of the combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and LED light on the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard and (2) determine the combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and LED light that provides the best growth and productivity in pakcoy mustard plants. This study used pakcoy mustard plants which are given a treatment of the combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and different LED light. The first treatment used a combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and white LED light, treatment 2 used a combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and red blue LED light, and treatment 3 used a combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and blue red and white LED light. The data obtained were analyzed using one way anova test and followed by Duncan test with a confidence level of 95%. The variables observed were plant height, canopy area, leaf greenness, root length, wet weight and dry weight of plant shoots and roots. The results showed that giving a combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and LED light had a significant effect on the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard. The combination of gong kebyar gamelan music and red blue LED light gave the best growth and productivity, with plant height, canopy area, leaf greenery, root length, shoot wet weight, root wet weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, respectively also included 27,176 cm, 1457.59cm2, 160.03, 23.6cm, 91.68g, 4.63g, 5.26g, 4.63g and 0.42g.

scholarly journals Growth and Production of Determinate and Indeterminate Soybean (Glycine max L.) Influenced by Salinity Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Danang Adriansyah ◽  
Karno ◽  
Florentina Kusmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Pod Number

This research was aimed to determine growth and production of two different growth types of soybean (Glycine max L.) influenced by salinity stress at various levels. This research used Factorial Design based on Completely Randomized Design 2x4 with ten replications. Two soybean growth types were used as the first factor (G1 = Determinate ; G2 = Indeterminate). The second factor was the various levels of soil salinity (S0 = 0.42 dS∙m-1; S1 = 2.93 dS∙m-1; S2 = 4.74 dS∙m-1; S3 = 6.03 dS∙m-1). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and tested further using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Differences (HSD). Parameters observed were plant height (cm), shoot weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root length (cm), root weight (g), root dry weight (g), and total pod number. Results showed that indeterminate soybean is the best growth type to be planted in salinity stress based on plant height, shoot weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root weight, root dry weight, and total pod number, significantly different from determinate soybean. Salinity stress under 2.93 dS∙m-1 had the better results in plant height, root weight, and root dry weight.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces during early growth stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyoum Zawude ◽  
Diriba Shanko
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for crop plant growth. Chickpea grows under a wide range of climatic conditions and highly sensitive to salt stress. To determine the most tolerant genotype to salinity stress, an experiment was done as factorial form under completely block design (CRD) with three replications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The experimental treatments were four NaCl salinity levels (0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m and 15dS/m) and five chickpea landraces (Dadi, Dido, Dida, Dimi and Soya).  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated that significant was observed in root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling shoot and root reduction traits in stress conditions. Dimi, Dido and Dadi were showed that high reduction in root length, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling root and shoot in salinity conditions, respectively. The ANOVA for landraces and their interaction was found to be highly significant at (p&lt;0.001) and (p&lt;0.05) with all parameters. Landraces Dimi, Dido and Dadi were found salt tolerant but Soya was highly salt sensitive during seedling growth stage. Shoot dry weight had the most positive and significant correlation with root dry weight (r =0.987**). Seedling shoot reduction depicted a negative and significant correlation with total dry matter (r =-0.734**).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study indicated that developing genetic variability by identifying salt tolerant landrace is one of the appropriate strategies used to overcome salinity problem in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Woolly Cupgrass on the Antioxidative System and Growth of a Maize Hybrid

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Arnold Szilágyi ◽  
László Radócz ◽  
Mária Takácsné Hájos ◽  
Csaba Juhász ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass

Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth) is a new invasive weed in Hungary. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this weed on the biochemistry and growth of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Armagnac) under greenhouse conditions. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein were measured in the shoots and roots, whereas the content of the photosynthetic pigments was measured only in the shoots. The measured growth parameters included plant height, root length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight, and stem diameter. Results showed the allelopathic effects of woolly cupgrass on maize, with significant decreases in plant height, root length, root volume, and root dry weight. Woolly cupgrass infestation (WCI) induced significantly higher activities of APX and SOD in the shoots, whereas POD was only induced in the roots. The contents of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll (including relative chlorophyll), carotenoids, and root protein were substantially reduced by WCI, except for the leaf chlorophyll-b. The results suggest that high APX and SOD activities in the shoots could be involved in stabilizing the leaf chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll a/b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight because all of these parameters were not inhibited when these two enzymes were induced. In contrast, high activity of POD in the roots is not effective in counteracting allelopathy. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to further investigate if an increase in the activities of APX and SOD in the shoots of WCI maize is responsible for stabilizing leaf chlorophyll-b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight, which could contribute to improved maize yield under WCI.

scholarly journals SEEDLING GROWTH OF TREE SPECIES UNDER DOSES OF HYDROGEL AND TWO LEVELS OF LUMINOSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Albuquerque Pontes Filho ◽  
Franklin Aragão Gondim ◽  
Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditioners

ABSTRACT Hydrogels (polyacrylamide compounds) are recommended in agriculture and forestry as soil conditioners because they are able to absorb water and increase its stocks in the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable dose of hydrogel to establish seedlings of Enterolobium contortisilliquum (Vell.) Morong under two levels of luminosity. Seedlings of Enterolobium contortisilliquum (Vell.) Morong were planted in pots, following a design of subdivided plots, consisting of two levels of luminosity in the plots: full sun and 50% luminosity, and 10 doses of hydrogel in the sub-plots: 0.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 g L-1. Seventy-two days after the seedlings were transplanted to the pots, plant height and diameter were determined, together with the height to diameter ratio, root length and diameter, shoot and root dry weight, and the shoot to root ratio. The lowest ratios between height and stem diameter (8.50 and 8.68) occurred in the seedlings in full sun at the doses of 0 and 2 g hydrogel L-1 respectively. For shaded seedlings the lowest ratio (8.14) occurred at the dose of 3.0 g L-1, but with a lower coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.68). Shoot dry weight increased with the dose of 2 g L-1 in full sun, and 3.5 g L-1 under shaded conditions. The doses of hydrogel giving the best initial development in seedlings under evaluation were 2 g L-1 in full sun and 3.5 g L-1 in the shaded environment. Although a response by the species to the doses of hydrogel was found, the benefits of the polymer were not evident under the conditions of the present study.

scholarly journals Screening of Salt Tolerant Potato Genotypes using Salt Stress and Molecular Markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mir Jannatul Mawa ◽  
Md. Ashraful Haque ◽  
Mohammad Mehfuz Hasan Saikat ◽  
Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Aims: To screen potato genotypes for salt tolerance using in vitro salt stress and moleulcar markers. Experimental Design: The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Place of the Study: The experiment was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratories, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Methodology: In vitro screening of five potato genotypes (CIP 112, CIP 117, CIP 120, CIP 127, and CIP 128) was done in an agar medium using tissue culture technique at different concentrations of salt viz. 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mM of NaCl. All genotypes were further analysed through SSR markers using three primers. The DNA bands were visualized on gel electrophoresis and scored for polymorphic loci, gene diversity, and genetic distance. NTSYSpc program was used for constructing  unrooted neighbor-joining tree and scatter diagram. Results: Potato genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 emerged as the most salt tolerant genotypes with the highest plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different concentrations of NaCl. CIP 127 and CIP 128 were poorly tolerant to salt stress. The most sensitive genotype CIP 120 produced minimum plant height, shoot dry weight, root length, and root dry weight at different NaCl concentrations. Results indicated that significant differences were found among cultivars. The banding pattern of microsatellite confirmed a distinct polymorphism among salt tolerant, moderately salt tolerant and salt sensitive lines. The clustering pattern of the potato genotypes suggests that variations occur due to genotypic variation and possibly not epigenetic adaptation under salt stress conditions. Conclusion: The salt tolerant pototo genotypes CIP 112 and CIP 117 can be used for developing salt tolerant genotypes.

Effects of an Autoregulatory Senescence-inhibitor Gene Construct on Nicotiana alata Link and Otto.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 519d-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Gene Construct ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitor System

Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding a senescence-specific promoter SAG12 cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana fused to a Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (IPT) that catalyzes cytokinin synthesis. This was considered an autoregulatory senescence-inhibitor system. In 1996, we reported delayed senescence of intact flowers by 2 to 6 d and delayed leaf senescence of transgenic vs. wild-type N. alata. Further evaluations in 1997 revealed several other interesting effects of the SAG12-IPT gene construct. Measurement of chlorophyll content of mature leaves showed higher levels of both chlorophyll a and b in transgenic material under normal fertilization and truncated fertilization regimes. At 4 to 5 months of age transgenic plants expressed differences in plant height, branching, and dry weight. Plant height was reduced by 3 to 13 cm; branch counts increased 2 to 3 fold; and shoot dry weight increased up to 11 g over wild-type N. alata. These observations indicate the system is not tightly autoregulated and may prove useful to the floriculture industry for producing compact and more floriferous plants.

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