scholarly journals Preparation of wastelage using poultry droppings with maize stover and its nutrient content as ruminant feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
MDK Jamee ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MRI Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Ruminant Feed

An experiment was undertaken with caged layer excreta (CLE) treated maize stover and ensiled to investigate its potentiality as ruminant feed. Chopped maize stovers were preserved in plastic containers under airtight condition at room temperature based on the treatments as T0 (0% CLE), T1 (20% CLE), T2 (40% CLE) and T3 (60% CLE) to investigate physical quality, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. The CP and Ash were increased (P<0.01) and DM, OM and CF were decreased (P<0.01) in all the treatments (T1, T2 and T3) compared to controlled T0. The OM content was decreased numerically with the ensiling time. The EE content was not significant (P>0.01) with the treatments and ensiling time. The OMD and ME content were increased (P<0.01) with the ensiling time from 0 to 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, and hardness) of maize stover were improved by CLE added treatments (T1, T2 and T3) after ensiling but 60% CLE treatment had some pungent smell in 90 days and less OMD and ME value was observed than that of T2. Considering all the physical and chemical properties, among all the treatments, 40% and 60% CLE are acceptable for preparing wastelage. By comparing physical quality, nutritive value and chemical composition between 40% and 60% CLE treatments, the 60% CLE was better. Thus wastelage prepared from 40% CLE, 55% maize stover along with 5% molasses will be a potential source of ruminant feed as well as reduce the environment pollution by utilizing CLE. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 75-84

Preservation of wet rice straw using urea and molasses in monsoon of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
R. Sultana ◽  
D. K. Jamee ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
S. M. A. Islam ◽  
M. R. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physical Quality

An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.

scholarly journals Preparation and nutritional evaluation of wastelage using poultry droppings and napier grass

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
MSJ Panna ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MRI Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Poultry Droppings

An experiment was conducted with Napier grass (NG) treated with Poultry droppings (PD) and rice straw and ensiled with molasses to increase the nutritional and preservation quality of Napier grass. Chopped Napier grass was preserved in plastic containers under airtight condition at room temperature based on the treatments T0 (0% PD), T1 (15% PD), T2 (30% PD) and T3 (45% PD) with 5% molasses and 20% rice straw as fresh basis in each treatment to investigate physical quality, chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content at 0, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The physical quality (color, smell, and hardness) of Napier grass mixer were improved in Poultry droppings added treatments till 75 days of ensiling. The pH value was decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of PD and ensiling time. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ash were increased (P<0.05) and crude fiber (CF) was decreased (P<0.05) in all the treatments (T1, T2 and T3) compared to control one T0. The CP, DM and ash were increased (P<0.05) and CF and EE were decreased (P<0.05) after ensiling. The EE content was not signified (P>0.05) between T1 and T2. The CF content was decreased (P<0.05) with the increase of Poultry droppings and ensiling time. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) content were increased (P<0.05) with the PD level and ensiling time. Considering all the physical and chemical properties, among all the treatments, 30% and 45% PD are acceptable for preparing wastelage. Thus cost effective and environment friendly feed can be prepared. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 48-56

scholarly journals Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Youssef Chebli ◽  
Samira El Otmani ◽  
Mouad Chentouf ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Jean-François Cabaraux
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR ◽  
M. DEHGHAN-BANADAKY ◽  
K. REZAYAZDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, secondary metabolites, in vitro gas production characteristics and acceptability study of some forage for ruminant feeding in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
K. O. Yusuf ◽  
O. A. Isah ◽  
O. M. Arigbede ◽  
A. O. Oni ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

Studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of eight selected forages (Tridax procumbens, Merremia aegyptia, Aspilia africana, Tithonia diversifolia, Alchornea cordifolia, Alchornea laxiflora, Synedrella nodiflora, and Newbouldia laevis) consumed by ruminants in South-Western Nigeria. Chemical composition and qualitative analysis of saponins, phenol and steroids of the plants were determined. In vitro gas production (IVGP) was carried out for 72 hours on the plants. Metabolizable energy (ME), Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were predicted and methane (CH4) was measured. Five of the plants were subjected to acceptability study using cafeteria method. The result of the chemical composition revealed that M. aegyptia had the highest value of CP (22.09 %) while Tridax procumbens had the lowest (10.50 %). A. africana had the highest content of Calcium, Phosphorus and Zinc with values of 3.10 %, 0.93 % and 39 ppm respectively. The analysis of secondary metabolites showed that A. africana, T. diversifolia and S. nodiflora were high in saponin while A. cordifolia, A. laxiflora, T. diversifolia and A. africana were implicated for condensed Tannin. N. laevis recorded a high level of steroids. Results showed significant variations in the values of IVGP, ME, OMD, SCFA and CH4 obtained for the plants. The order of preference of the plants by the calves were M. aegyptia>A. cordifolia > N. laevis > A. axiflora> T. diversifolia. The study revealed that the forages are rich in crude protein as well as micro and macro minerals. They are also rich in highly fermentable carbohydrates which affirm them as ruminant feed resource.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics on nutritive value, chemical estimates and in vitro dry matter degradability of some woody species found in rangelands of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali ◽  
Ntokozo Happy Msiza ◽  
Humbelani Silas Mudau
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Browse Species

AbstractUnlocking browse species in semi-arid regions can be a key to improving the livestock productivity. The research was conducted to assess the browse species variation in chemical composition and in vitro dry matter degradability as influenced by seasonal (summer and winter) changes. Leaves from ten randomly selected browsable trees from sixteen species (Vachellia karroo, Senegalia nigrescens, Vachellia nilotica, Balanites maughamii, Berchemia discolor, Berchemia zeyheri, Bridelia mollis, Combretum collinum, Combretum imberbe, Dalbergia melanoxylon, Dichrostachys cinerea, Grewia monticola, Grewia occidentalis, Melia azedarach, Ormocarpum kirkii and Ziziphus mucronata) were harvested before defoliation from the site in two seasons (summer and winter) and dried at room temperature and then ground for analysis. Two-way analysis was used to analyse chemical composition and in vitro ruminal dry matter degradability. Melia azedarach (343.7 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.0001) CP content in summer. In winter, B. maughamii (210.3 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein content. Combretum collinum (2.90 Mcal/kg) had a highest (p < 0.0001) metabolizable energy value in summer. Bridelia mollis, B. maughamii, B. discolor, C. collinum, C. imberbe, O. kirkii, S. nigrescens, V. nilotica, G. occidentalis and B. zeyheri had the same (p > 0.0001) dry matter degradability (DMD) 48 values across two seasons. In both seasons, most of these browse species have the potential to supplement low quality natural grasses because they go beyond the minimum requirement of protein and have coherent amounts of fibre concentration. There is a need to assess the bioactive compounds found in these browse species for the amelioration and also to maximize browsing of these species.

scholarly journals Determining the nutrient content, energy, and in vitro true digestibility of some grass forage plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Esra GÜRSOY ◽  
Adem KAYA ◽  
Mehmet GÜL
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Forage Plants

The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical composition, metabolizable energy, net energy lactation, total digestible nutrient, in vitro digestion parameters, and relative feed quality of some grass forage plants growing naturally in the meadows and pastures of Erzurum province in Turkey. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), Variegated brome (Bromus variegatus), and Intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) were used as the research material. In this study, the metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of the green grass crops forage plants were determined by in vitro gas production method, and their digestibility parameters and relative feed quality (RFQ) by the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) procedure using an Ankom Daisy incubator. As a result of the study, the differences between the forage plants were found to be statistically significant in terms of chemical composition, metabolizable energy, net energy lactation, true organic matter digestibility (TOMD) and RFQ (P<0.05). While the green intermediate wheatgrass was found to have the highest crude protein (CP) (19.56%), crude fat (CF) (3.06%), dry matter (DM) (9.14%), ME  (8.82%), NEL (5.42%), and TOMD (97.75%); the green variegated brome was found to have the highest RFQ (149.79). The green orchardgrass was found to have the highest contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) with 66.23%, 34.14, and 8.52%, respectively. In conclusion, the green grass forage plants examined in this study can be used to eliminate the quality roughage deficit.

scholarly journals Potentials of Ensiled Panicum Maximum with Different Crop Residues as Ruminant Feed During Dry Season

2019 ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Binuomote R. T. ◽  
Adeyi T. K. ◽  
Ojoawo O. T.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Guinea Grass

The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of ensiled guinea grass with different additives using in-vitro gas production method. The silage were in 5 treatments T1: 90% of guinea grass + 10% yellow maize residue, T2: 90% of guinea grass + 10% white maize residue, T3: 90% of guinea grass + 10% guinea corn residue, T4: 90% of guinea grass + 10% soy bean residue, T5: 100% of guinea grass.. The silage quality, physical properties, chemical composition, the in vitro gas production after 24hours of incubation were investigated. Methane (CH4) gas produced was measured. Metabolizable energy (ME), Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) were estimated from the in vitro gas production parameters. The colour of the silage varied among the silage treatments and were closer to the colours of the fresh forage. All the silage had pleasant smell and the temperature had no significant difference among the silage treatments. The pH ranged from 4.23 � 5.60 which has significant difference among the silage treatments. The chemical composition of the silage were as follows: Dry matter (DM) 23.73 to 29.50%, Crude protein (CP), 6.93 to 11.05%; Crude fibre (CF), 27.84 to 31.20%; and ash, 15.01 to 17.50%. Hemicellulose ranges from 23.29 to 26.05%, Cellulose ranges from 21.07 to 30.50%. The mineral composition value of the ensiled ranges are as follow: CA, 0.19 to 0.23%; P, 0.17 to 0.19%; NA, 0.08 to 0.11%; k, 0.34 to 0.45%; MG, 0,10 to 0.13%. Potential gas production varied from 13.00 ml/200mg DM to 18.67 ml/200mg DM. The high (P<0.05) potential gas value of 18.67 ml/200mg DM was obtained for silage T4. The highest value of ME (5.41MJ/kg DM); OMD (46.10%) and SCFA (0.51-mol) were obtained in silage T3 which contain 90% guinea grass with 10%guineacorn residue. Result indicates that silage from 90% guinea grass with 10% white maize residue have the best nutritive value.

Calorimetry, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane treated with calcium hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Dias ◽  
Luís C. V. Ítavo ◽  
Júlio C. Damasceno ◽  
Camila C. B. F. Ítavo ◽  
Geraldo T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
High Dry Matter

Sugarcane is a source of roughage in animal feeding. It presents high production per unit of cultivated area, relatively easy cultivation and low cost of production per hectare, and better quality and a high dry matter (DM) yield in periods when forage is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in sugarcane forage on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility values of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), and kinetics of thermal decomposition processes of weight loss and heat flow. Sugarcane was collected close to the ground and 50-kg heaps of the fresh material were formed and mixed with four doses of Ca(OH)2 (0, 8, 16 and 24 g kg–1 sugarcane). Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased linearly with increasing amount of Ca(OH)2, whereas concentration of hemicellulose increased linearly. In vitro digestibilities of DM, NDF and ADF were enhanced in a quadratic manner with increasing amounts of Ca(OH)2. The release of heat, measured by ΔH, increased linearly with increased Ca(OH)2 levels, likely due to enhanced digestibility of the fibre components. Weight loss decreased linearly between 272.2°C and 397.7°C with increased amounts of Ca(OH)2 added to sugarcane, likely due to changes in cellulose structure, which became denser and thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose following the alkaline treatment. Calcium hydroxide changed chemical composition and digestibility of the fibrous fraction of sugarcane, resulting in better nutritional value. The greatest release of heat and highest in vitro digestibility of fibre were observed when adding 15.2 g Ca(OH)2 kg–1 sugarcane; therefore, this dose is recommended to enhance the nutritive value of sugarcane as ruminant feed.

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