scholarly journals Relative Efficacy of Some Products Against Meloidogyne Javanica (Treub) Chitwood on Tomato Under Greenhouse Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Abdallah H Almohithef ◽  
Fahad A Al yahya ◽  
Ahmad S Al hazmi ◽  
Ahmed AM Dawabah ◽  
Hamzeh A Lafi

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of some products i.e., Stanes Bio Nematon®, Soft Guard®, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma longibranchiatum, camel and goat manures against Meloidogyne javanica on tomato under greenhouse conditions. Based on nematode reproduction, indices of galls and egg masses, the six materials were grouped into four classes from the relatively highest efficacy of control (goat manure) to the relatively low efficacy of control (P. lilacinus). Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 709-712, 2021 (September)

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kirkegaard ◽  
Rod McLeod ◽  
Christopher Steel

AbstractInvasion, development and egg laying by Meloidogyne javanica in 11 Brassicaceae and four non-Brassicaceae crop species/subspecies was investigated. At 10 to15 and 15 to 20°C, fodder rape cv. Rangi was invaded less than the good hosts tomato cv. Grosse Lisse and field pea cv. Dun but more than the poor host oat cv. Cooba. With an inoculum of 50 second stage juveniles (J2), invasion of Rangi, and the intermediate host subterranean clover cv. Trikkala, were similarly invaded when inoculated with 50 and 100 J2, cv. Rangi was invaded less than tomato. The intermediate host subterranean clover cv. Trikkala and Rangi were similarly invaded when inoculated with 50 and 100 J2 but cv. Trikkala was less invaded with 200 J2. Oat cv. Cooba was always less invaded than the other hosts. Invasion of 3-week-old seedlings of cv. Rangi and 12 cultivars of seven other Brassicaceae crop species/subspecies were similar. Three weeks after inoculation, more M. javanica had developed to the mature female stage in tomato than in the eight Brassicaceae species/subspecies. Females growing in tomato and field pea were always larger than those in rape cv. Rangi. Females in Rangi were larger but those in oilseed radish cv. Adagio were smaller than in 11 other cultivars of seven Brassicaceae, except in plants grown in winter. Egg masses from four Brassicaceae species contained fewer eggs than egg masses from tomato at 6 weeks after inoculation, but at 7 and 8 weeks only those from fodder rape cv. Korina had consistently fewer than tomato. Results are discussed in relation to host status, glucosinolates and potential use of Brassicaceae for control of Meloidogyne.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE TAVARES SCHAFER ◽  
CESAR BAUER GOMES ◽  
ARIONE DA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
FERNANDA FERREIRA CRUZ ◽  
DANIELLE RIBEIRO DE BARROS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of a group of clones and cultivars from the potato breeding program of Embrapa to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Temperate Climate, Pelotas / RS, under greenhouse conditions at temperatures of 25 ± 5°C. Individual potato plants of different genotypes [BRSIPR Bel, BRS F63 (Camila), CL02-05, F23-11-06, F32-02-06, F38-03-07, F189-09-06, F23-24-06 and F22-01-08], kept in pots with sterilized soil were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica, using six replicates per treatment. The susceptible control, potato cultivar BRS Ana was inoculated with the same level of inoculum. Fifty-five days after inoculation, the number of galls on the roots of each plant was determined as well as the number of protuberances caused by nematodes in the different treatments. Then, the roots of each plant were processed for counting the number of eggs and J2, as well as determining the nematode reproduction factor (FR: final population / initial population). All genotypes were susceptible (FR> 1.00) to M. javanica. However, there were different levels of susceptibility among the cultivars tested.


Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Holland ◽  
Keith Williams ◽  
Alamgir Khan

AbstractThe in vitro interaction of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 with eggs, 3rd and 4th stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne javanica was studied. Eggs of all stages, including those containing unhatched juveniles, were infected by P. lilacinus. Infection of eggs occurred following flattening of hyphae to the egg surface and formation of appressoria. Sometimes these occurred within extensive networks of hyphae of the egg surface. Hyphae later grew out of the egg to continue growing or form conidiophores. Third and 4th stage juveniles and adult females were readily infected, with hyphae and conidiophores penetrating the body wall. Die Infektion von Meloidogyne javanica durch Paecilomyces lilacinus - Es wurden die in vitro auftretenden Wechselwirkungen zwischen Paecilomyces lilacinus Stamm 251 und den Eiern, J3, J4 und adulten Weibchen von Meloidogyne javanica untersucht. Eier wurden in allen Stadien von P. lilacinus infiziert einschliesslich der ungeschlupfte J2 enthaltenden Eier. Die Infektion erfolgte anschliessend an eine Abflachung von Hyphen auf der Eioberflache und eine Appressorienbildung. Manchmal erschienen diese innerhalb eines ausgedehnten Netzwerkes von Hyphen auf der Eioberflache. Spater wuchsen Hyphen aus dem Ei heraus, wuchsen weiter oder bildeten Konidiophoren. Juvenile des dritten oder vierten Stadiums und adulte Weibchen wurden ohne weiteres befallen, wobei Hyphen und Konidiophoren durch die Korperwand drangen.


2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Khan ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Shan Wei ◽  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhao ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Management of nematodes is a very hectic job due to a highly diverse group of organisms. To find lead compounds for new nematicide development, five metabolites (1–5) were isolated from the culture broth of Chaetomium globosum YSC5 and tested for nematicidal activities against the second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne javanica. The results revealed that chaetoglobosin A (1), chaetoglobosin B (2) and flavipin (3) exhibited strong adverse effects (91.6, 83.8 and 87.4%, respectively) on J2 mortality at 200 μg/mL with LC50 values of 88.4, 107.7 and 99.2 μg/mL after 72 h, respectively, while 3-methoxyepicoccone (4) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methylphthalide (5) showed moderate effects (78.0 and 75.5%, respectively) with LC50 values of 124.0 and 131.6 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, in pot assay compounds 1 and 2 appeared to be promising metabolites at 200 μg/mL that significantly reduced nematode reproduction and showed a positive influence on plant growth. Our findings could be helpful for development of new potential bio-based pesticides for integrated management of plant-parasitic nematode.


Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod McLeod ◽  
Chris Steel

Abstract Green manures (chopped leaves) of 15 brassica potentially useful as inter-row crops in vineyards were incorporated into soils inoculated with second stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica to compare their antinematode activity. With application rates of 10 and 20 g/kg soil, all green manures substantially lowered nematode numbers and there were significant treatment effects at both application rates. However, treatment effect was not closely related to estimated addition of glucosinolate, which ranged from 8 to 46 nM/g soil. When J2 were exposed to volatiles from rewetted freeze-dried brassica tissue in sealed dishes in the absence of soil, there was evidence of a relation between effect and glucosinolate dose, estimated to be equivalent to a range of 1 to 40 nM/g soil. Egg production on 25 brassica crops was investigated to assess the scope for selection of crops that support less nematode reproduction. M. javanica produced more eggs on tomato (cv. Grosse Lisse) than on most of the brassicas, although egg production on Polybra fodder turnip was not significantly lower than on tomato. However, egg production was substantial on all but four of the brassicas. Egg production was low on Adagio, SCO 7024, Nemex and Pegletta oilseed radishes, cultivars bred in Europe to resist beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). Egg production was not related to innate total root glucosinolate concentrations of cultivars as measured 3 months after sowing. Nor was there a connection between higher concentration of the dominant glucosinolates (progoitrin [2-hydroxy-3-butenyl], glucobrassicanapin [4-pentenyl] and gluconasturtiin [2-phenylethyl]) and low egg production. Very low egg production on Adagio oilseed radish was associated with the presence of dehydroerucin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl). It is concluded that mechanisms other than glucosinolate-derived toxicity are important in the antinematode activity of brassica-leaf green manures and cultivars. The results indicate that there is little scope for selecting very low egg producing crops from amongst the brassica crops currently available for use as inter-row crops in vineyards. The role of glucosinolate derivatives in relation to resistance to Meloidogyne is discussed. Die Wirkung von Grundungern aus Brassicaceenblattern und von Brassicaceenanbau auf die Aktivitat und Vermehrung von Meloidogyne javanica - Grundunger (zerkleinerte Blatter) von 15 verschiedenen Brassicaceen, die moglicherweise brauchbbar fur einen Anbau swischen den Rebzeilen von Weinbergen waren, wurden in mit Juvenilen (J2) des Wurzelgallennematoden Meloidogyne javanica versetzte Boden eingearbeitet, um ihre Aktivitat gegen Nematoden vergleichend zu untersuchen. In Aufwandmengen von 10 und 20 g/kg Boden verminderten alle Grundunger die Anzabhl der Nematoden erheblich. Bei beiden Aufwandmengen gab es signifikante Behandlungswirkungen. Diese Wirkungen waren aber nicht eng mit der geschatzten Zugabe von Glucosinolat verbunden, die zwischen 8 und 46 nM/g Boden lag. Wenn J2 in verschlossenen Schalen ohne Boden den fluchtigen Stoffen ausgesetzt wurden, die von wieder angefeuchteten, gefriergetrockneten Brassicageweben abgegeben wurden, ergaben sich Hinweise auf eine Beziehung zwischen Wirkung und Glucosinolatkonzentration, die einem geschatzten Gehalt von 1 zu 40 nM/g Boden entsprach. Um die Moglichkeiten einer Selektion von Pflanzen zu prufen, die eine geringere Nematodenvermehrung bewirkten, wurde die Eiproduktion der Nematoden an 25 Brassicaceen untersucht. M. javanica produzierte and Tomate (Sorte Grosse Lisse) mehr Eier als an den meisten Brassicaceen, wobei die Eiproduktion an Polybra-Futterkohlruben nicht signifikant geringer war als an Tomate. Insgesamt war die Eiproduktion an allen Brassicaceen betrachtlich mit Ausnahme der Olrettichsorten Adagio, SCO 7024, Nemex und Pegletta, die in Europa auf Resistenz gegen den Rubennematoden (Heterodera schachtii) gezuchtet wurden. Die Eiproduktion stand nicht in Beziehung zu den genetisch bedingten Gesamtgehalten an Glucosinolaten in den Wurzeln, die 3 Monate nach der Aussaat bestimmt wurden. Ebensowenig bestand eine Verbindung zwischen der niedrigen Eiproduktion und der hoheren Konzentration der vorherrschenden Glucosinolate (Progoitrin [2-hydroxy-3-butanyl], Glucobrassicanapin [4-pentenyl] und Gluconasturtiin [2-phenylethyl]). Die sehr geringe Eiproduktion an dem Olrettich Adagio war verknupft mit dem Vorhandensein von Dehydroerucin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl). Daraus wird geschlossen, dass andere Mechanismen als die auf Glucosinolat beruhende Toxizitat entscheidend sind bei der Antinematodenwirkung von Blatt-Grundungern un Pflanzen von Brassicaceen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur geringe Aussichten bestehen, aus den zur Zeit als Kulturen zwischen Weinbergszeilen zur Verfugung stehenden Brassicaceen Pflanzen mit einer sehr geringen Eiproduktion der Nematoden zu selektieren. Die Rolle der Glucosinolatabkommlinge in Bezug auf eine Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne wird diskutiert.


Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Pan ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
ZhiJie Chen ◽  
YingMei Li

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop in Hainan province, Southern China. In this area, rice and tomato rotation is the most common way for tomato cultivation. During March of 2021, in a field of Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province, leaves of some tomato plants (cv. Jinsheng) turned yellow, although there were no obvious dwarf plants observed. The tomato plants with yellow leaves exhibiting obvious galls on the roots were collected. Several females and gelatinous egg masses of Meloidogyne spp. were found inside the cortex of the root galls after dissection. The perineal patterns of females (n=12) were dorsal-ventrally oval with low and round dorsal arches, lacking obvious lateral lines. Most of the striae were smooth and sometimes short and irregular striae were observed within them. Morphological measurements of females (n=20) included body length (L) = 569.2 ± 53.6 (457.6 - 662.7) µm, body width (BW) = 342.7 ± 69.8 (245.5 - 457.9) µm, stylet = 11.8 ± 0.7 (10.5 - 13.3) µm, dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to stylet base (DGO) = 4.0 ± 0.2 (3.7 - 4.6) µm, vulval slit length = 24.1 ± 3.7 (16.7 - 30.7) µm, and vulval slit to anus distance = 16.0 ±1.9 (12.6 - 19.3) µm. The second-stage juveniles (J2s, n=20) had the following morphological characters: L = 440.6 ± 26.7 (395.7 - 488.3) µm, BW = 15.9 ± 1.0 (14.5 - 17.9) µm. stylet = 13.5 ± 0.8 (12.3 - 14.9) µm, tail length = 69.5 ± 3.7 (65.4 - 76.9) µm, hyaline tail terminus = 21.0 ± 2.1 (17.3 - 24.9) µm. These morphological characters matched the original description of Meloidogyne graminicola (Golden and Birchfield, 1968). Ten individual females were transferred to ten different tubes for DNA extraction. The species-specific primers Mg-F3 (5'-TTATCGCATCATTTTATTTG-3') and Mg-R2 (5'-CGCTTTGTTAGAAAATGACCCT-3') were used for the identification of M. graminicola (Htay et al. 2016). For the ten DNA samples, a 369 bp fragment was amplified by this pair of primers, confirming their identities as M. graminicola. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region between COII and the lRNA gene was amplified using primers C2F3 (5’-GGTCAATGTTCAGAAATTTGTGG-3’) and 1108 (5’-TACCTTTGACCAATCACGCT-3’) (Powers and Harris, 1993). A DNA fragment of 531 bp was obtained and the sequence (GenBank Accession No. MZ576221) was 99.8% identical to the sequences of M. graminicola (GenBank Accession Nos. MH033621, MK616527, and MG356945). Part of the rDNA spanning ITS1, 5.8S gene, and ITS2 was amplified with primers 18S (5’-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3’) and 26S (5’-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3’) (Vrain et al. 1992). The sequences from the ITS region were 790 bp (GenBank Accession No. MZ312595) and were all 100% identical to the known sequences of M. graminicola (GenBank Accession Nos. MF320126, HM623442, and KY020414). In glasshouse tests, six 30-day-old tomato plants (cv. Jinsheng) were individually transplanted in pots (V sand :V soil = 3:1) and inoculated with 1500 J2s hatched from the egg masses of collected M. graminicola samples per plant. Two non-inoculated tomato plants served as negative controls. After 50 days, inoculated plants had galled roots similar to those encountered in the field and there were J2s and eggs within the galls. The nematode reproduction factor (RF = final population/initial population) was 5.3. No symptoms were observed on control plants. These results confirmed the nematode’s pathogenicity on tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first time of a natural infection of tomato with M. graminicola in China.


HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 622a-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Maluf ◽  
S. M. Azevedo ◽  
V.P. Campos

Heritabilities for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita races 1, 2, 3, and 4) were studied in a population of 226 sweetpotato clones of diverse origin. For each nematode isolate tested, 128-cell speedling trays were filled with previously inoculated substrate (30000 eggs/1000 mL substrate). Sweetpotato clones suitably tagged and identified were randomly planted in the cells (one plant/cell), with a total of four plants per clone per isolate. Ninety days after inoculation, sweetpotato plants had their roots washed for substrate removal, and treated with 150 mg·L–1 Phloxine B to stain nematode egg masses. The number of egg masses per root was recorded, and plants were accordingly assigned scores from 0 (highly resistant) to 5 (highly susceptible). Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.87, 0.91, 0.81, 0.95, and 0.93 respectively for resistance to M. javanica and races 1, 2, 3, and 4 of M. incognita. The frequencies of resistant genotypes were higher for M. javanica and lower for M. incognita race 2. Genotypic correlations (rG) among the resistances to the various Meloidogyne isolates utilized were weak, ranging from 0.11 to 0.57, suggesting independent genetic controls. Clones could be selected, however, with high levels of resistance to all nematode isolates tested. (This work was supported by CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG, and FAEPE/UFLA.)


Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ebrahimi ◽  
Amir Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Navazolah Sahebani

Summary The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most damaging species of plant-parasitic nematodes in eggplant cultivation in Iran. We studied the effect of pistachio and date palm biochars, vermicompost and a mixture of each of these biochars with vermicompost on M. javanica. To investigate the effect of these organic materials on survival, hatching and attraction of the second-stage juvenile (J2) towards the root, bioassays were performed in the laboratory using extracts of organic material. Vermicompost extract increased J2 mortality and decreased hatching and the number of J2 attracted to the eggplant roots. However, either type of biochar alone or mixed with vermicompost did not cause J2 mortality, nor did they inhibit hatching and attraction of J2 towards the root. To determine the effect of organic matter on J2 invasion and reproduction, pot experiments were performed in a completely randomised design with four replications in the glasshouse. Vermicompost reduced the number of J2 that penetrated the roots, number of egg masses and the final population of M. javanica eggs and J2. The suppressing effect of vermicompost might be attributed to the release of toxic compounds such as ammonium and improved soil nutrient and plant growth, leading to plants more tolerant to nematode damage. Pistachio and date biochars alone or combined with vermicompost had no adverse effect on the nematode reproduction compared to non-treated soil. Both types of biochar reduced the suppressing effect of vermicompost, most probably due to the absorbance of suppressive compounds in vermicompost by the high surface area of the biochar.


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