scholarly journals Heritability of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) Resistance in Sweetpotatoes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 622a-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Maluf ◽  
S. M. Azevedo ◽  
V.P. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Heritabilities for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita races 1, 2, 3, and 4) were studied in a population of 226 sweetpotato clones of diverse origin. For each nematode isolate tested, 128-cell speedling trays were filled with previously inoculated substrate (30000 eggs/1000 mL substrate). Sweetpotato clones suitably tagged and identified were randomly planted in the cells (one plant/cell), with a total of four plants per clone per isolate. Ninety days after inoculation, sweetpotato plants had their roots washed for substrate removal, and treated with 150 mg·L–1 Phloxine B to stain nematode egg masses. The number of egg masses per root was recorded, and plants were accordingly assigned scores from 0 (highly resistant) to 5 (highly susceptible). Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.87, 0.91, 0.81, 0.95, and 0.93 respectively for resistance to M. javanica and races 1, 2, 3, and 4 of M. incognita. The frequencies of resistant genotypes were higher for M. javanica and lower for M. incognita race 2. Genotypic correlations (rG) among the resistances to the various Meloidogyne isolates utilized were weak, ranging from 0.11 to 0.57, suggesting independent genetic controls. Clones could be selected, however, with high levels of resistance to all nematode isolates tested. (This work was supported by CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG, and FAEPE/UFLA.)

scholarly journals Τhe Nematicidal Potential of Bioactive Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Greek Rhizosphere Soils Tested on Arabidopsis Plants of Varying Susceptibility to Meloidogyne spp.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Christianna Meidani ◽  
Alexandros Savvidis ◽  
Evaggelia Lampropoulou ◽  
Aggeliki Sagia ◽  
Efstathios Katsifas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Culture Supernatants

A total of 461 indigenous Streptomycetes strains recovered from various Greek rhizosphere habitats were tested for their bioactivity. All isolates were examined for their ability to suppress the growth of 12 specific target microorganisms. Twenty-six were found to exert antimicrobial activity and were screened for potential nematicidal action. S. monomycini ATHUBA 220, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438, S. colombiensis ATHUBA 431, and S. youssoufensis ATHUBA 546 were proved to have a nematicidal effect and thus were further sequenced. Batch culture supernatants and solvent extracts were assessed for paralysis on Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The solvent extracts of S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 had the highest paralysis rates, so these Streptomycetes strains were further on tested for nematodes’ biological cycle arrest on two Arabidopsis thaliana plants; the wild type (Col-0) and the katanin mutant fra2, which is susceptible to M. incognita. Interestingly, S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 were able to negatively affect the M. incognita biological cycle in Col-0 and fra2 respectively, and increased growth in Col-0 upon M. incognita infection. However, they were ineffective against M. javanica. Fra2 plants were also proved susceptible to M. javanica infestation, with a reduced growth upon treatments with the Streptomyces strains. The nematicidal action and the plant-growth modulating abilities of the selected Streptomycetes strains are discussed.

Resistance in Mungbean Against Meloidogyne incognita and its Impact on Nodulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narpinderjeet Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Anupam Anupam ◽  
Asmita Srari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mungbean is an economically as well as nutritionally enriched crop. Of the different soil borne pathogens attacking mungbean, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important pathogen affecting growth and production of mungbean. It is grown in summer as well as in kharif season. The germplasm of mungbean of two seasons’ viz., summer and kharif was screened to identify new sources of resistance against root knot nematode, M. incognita. In addition to screening; studies were also conducted on the impact of root knot nematode infestation in roots on nodulation character of mungbean and growth parameters. Of the sixty three genotypes evaluated in summer, seven were found to be moderately resistant. In kharif season, only three genotypes were found to be moderately resistant. M. incognita infestation was also observed to affect the plant growth parameters as well as nodulation on roots of mungbean genotypes. Comparatively, better plant growth and higher nodulation was observed in moderately resistant genotypes as compared to the susceptible ones. The ten identified moderately resistant genotypes from two seasons can be a useful source in breeding programmes for developing cultivars to manage root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Mi-1.2 Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Lingling Jia ◽  
Gowri Shah ◽  
Stephanie Hebert ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 868e-869
Author(s):  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Thirteen sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in greenhouse tests. The following sweetpotato genotypes representing a range of reactions to M. incognita were evaluated: U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 (highly resistant = HR), Sumor (HR), Nemagold (HR), Excel (HR), Tinian (HR), Hernandez (resistant = R), Jewel (R), Regal (R), Porto Rico (intermediate = I), Centennial (susceptible = S), Georgia Jet (S), Sulfur (S), and Beauregard (S). Meloidogyne incognita was most pathogenic to sweetpotato of the four Meloidogyne spp. evaluated in these studies. The U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 and Sumor were resistant to M. incognita in all tests. Only two genotypes, Beauregard and Porto Rico, were susceptible to M. javanica. All genotypes evaluated were resistant to M. hapla, M. arenaria race 1, and M. arenaria race 2. Sumor, U.S. PI 399163, and Nemagold appear to provide the highest levels of resistance against the four Meloidogyne spp. used in these studies. Since M. incognita is the most commonly occurring root-knot nematode species in sweetpotato growing areas of the southern U.S. and is pathogenic to most of the commonly grown sweetpotato cultivars, efforts to develop resistant cultivars that have desirable horticultural characteristics for the U.S. market should be directed toward this root-knot nematode species.

scholarly journals Resistência de porta-enxertos para pessegueiro e ameixeira aos nematóides causadores de galhas (Meloidogyne spp.)

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
Carlos Augusto Posser Silva ◽  
Cesar Sperandio ◽  
Alexandre Couto Rodrigues ◽  
Eder Zarnott Strelow
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de comparar o comportamento de cinco diferentes porta-enxertos para frutas de caroço em frente a duas espécies de nematóides do gênero Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne javanica e Meloidogyne incognita). O cultivar GF 677 foi obtido a partir do cultivo in vitro e os demais porta-enxertos a partir de sementes. Aos dois meses, as plântulas foram repicadas e inoculadas com uma mistura de Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita aos 30, 60 e 70 dias após o plantio em canteiros incorporando-se 0,2kg de solo altamente infestado com os nematóides ao redor de cada planta. Ao final do experimento, avaliaram-se o desenvolvimento das plantas e o grau de infecção de cada cultivar. O grau de resistência dos cultivares foi estimado a partir do índice de galhas, obtido através de uma escala de grau ou nota, a qual varia de 0 a 5, em função do número de galhas ou ootecas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o cultivar Okinawa não apresentou galhas no sistema radicular e na análise de crescimento foi superior aos demais cultivares. Os cultivares R-15-2 e Aldrighi foram considerados resistentes aos fitonematóides por apresentarem pequeno número de galhas no sistema radicular. Já o cultivar GF 677 apresentou maior número de galhas no sistema radicular, chegando a 126 galhas/g de raiz.

scholarly journals Estimation of avoidable losses caused by Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Shakti Singh Bhati ◽  
B. L. Baheti
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Present Trial

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a high nutritious and mineral-rich vegetable, which occupies a prominent place as a salad and vegeta-ble. It is being used in many ways in the daily diet of humans and widely cultivated worldwide. The decrease of agricultural land, ad-verse environmental conditions and continuous increase of popula-tion, the demand of nutritious food is a matter of great concern to the world. Protected cultivation is a very effective tool to solve this problem because in this cultivation the productivity of crops is very high as compared to open field conditions. High value crops suc-cessfully grown in protected cultivation, specially vegetables (cu-cumber, tomato, Capsicum etc.) which are highly susceptible to the numerous pests and pathogens, including phyto-parasitic nema-todes (specially root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp.). With this view, present trial was taken to estimate the avoidable losses caused by Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house situated on farmer’s field with the application of phorate at 2 kg a.i. ha-1 over check. Results exhibited that application of chemical treatment significantly reduced number of galls per 5 g roots, egg masses per 5 g roots, eggs & juveniles per egg mass and final nema-tode population 79.03, 81.10, 30.91 and 56.54%, respectively. Avoidable yield losses were recorded to the tune of 66.84% on cu-cumber by M. incognita in poly-house.

scholarly journals Meloidogyne Species Associated with Weeds in Rio Grande do Sul

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BELLÉ ◽  
T.E. KASPARY ◽  
R.R. BALARDIN ◽  
R.F. RAMOS ◽  
Z.I. ANTONIOLLI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

ABSTRACT: The frequency of species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) was evaluated in weeds collected in different fallow farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the samples where the nematode was found, the species of the root-knot nematode was identified by electrophoresis using the isozyme esterase. They were obtained from weeds belonging to 24 weed species from 13 different botanical families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Commelinaceae, Convovulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae. Meloidogyne javanica Est J3 (Rm: 1.0, 1.25, 1.40) was the most frequent species and occurred in 53.3% of the samples. M. arenaria with phenotype Est. A2 (Rm: 1.20, 1.30) was detected in 15.6% of the samples. M. incognita Est. I2 (Rm: 1.0, 1.1), M. ethiopica Est. E3 (Rm: 0.9, 1.15, 1.30), M. enterolobii Est. M2 (Rm: 0.7, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95) and M. hapla Est. H1 (Rm: 1.17) in 13.3%, 8.9%, 6.7% and 2.2% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the range of host plants to different species of the root-knot nematode can positively contribute to the adoption of management practices that allow the reduction of their populations in the soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document