scholarly journals A Case Report of Streptomycin Induced Cochlear Toxicity in Tuberculosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Ambika Nand Jha ◽  
Akshay H Shah ◽  
Upama N Trivedi ◽  
Jignesh S Patel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Line Drug ◽  
Rule Out

Streptomycin is a semi-synthetic, oldest aminoglycoside. It is the first line drug for tuberculosis. It may adversely produce ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockage. The initial isolation of streptomycin from Streptomyces griseus. A 51 year old female visited to the medicine OPD in hospital. On presentation she complained of vomiting and vertigo from last few days. The patient recently diagnosed for Pulmonary TB by chest X-ray 3 month back. She taken streptomycin 0.75mg IV bid. As these were the new symptoms, the physician requested for otolaryngologist consultation to rule out the other causes and was insignificant. But the audiometry report showed hearing loss. The ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides is permanent and can negatively affect the individual’s quality of life. The early detection, management and therapeutic approaches for prevention of hearing loss is crucial. Reporting here is an interesting case of streptomycin induced cochlear toxicity. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):99-101

scholarly journals PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: CLINICAL PATTERN, DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
L. P. Guliyeva ◽  
S. V. Yureneva
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
First Line ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Psychoneurological Symptoms ◽  
Regular Mode ◽  
Line Drug

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a complex, cyclical, polyethiological, multifactorial combination of physical and mental disorders that occur in some women of reproductive age in the second - luteal - phase of the menstrual cycle and negatively affect the woman’s usual lifestyle.Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS in which psychoneurological symptoms prevail. For the diagnosis of PMDD, the specific DSM-5 criteria were developed by the American Psychiatric Association according to which the the diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of five or more symptoms in women during the week prior to menstruation and their disappearance a few days after the onset of menstruation. These symptoms are observed for at least two cycles.Treatment of women with PMS/PMDD, first of all, should start with the lifestyle adjustment, inclusion of regular mode rate physical activity into daily activities. The effectiveness of vitamins B6, E and calcium has not been confirmed in studies. First-line drug therapy includes SSRIs or combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone are prescribed first, then agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

scholarly journals Efferent therapy in the first-line drug treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Z. S. Kotova ◽  
T. Yu. Semiglazova ◽  
I. A. Baldueva ◽  
D. H. Latipova ◽  
D. O. Yurlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
First Line ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Line Drug

The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy of efferent therapy (hemosorption) as part of drug treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on the use of standard first-line chemotherapy combined with the bevacizumab biosimilar. The study included 54 patients with histologically verified mCRC who received the first-line FOLFOX + bevacizumab therapy in combination with and without hemosorption. All patients of the FOLFOX + bevacizumab (+) hemosorption group (n = 32) received the hemosorption using Hemophoenix apparatus on Day 4 of the cycle during the first 6 cycles. A total of 182 hemosorption procedures were performed. The control group included 22 patients receiving the FOLFOX + bevacizumab regimen without hemosorption. The bevacizumab biosimilar was introduced in both groups throughout the treatment at standard doses once every 2 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups in the main clinical, pathomorphological, molecular genetic characteristics (sex, age, ECOG status, localization of primary tumor, tumor differentiation, RAS, BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability, etc.).Blood sampling to evaluate the effect of hemosorption on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of bevacizumab biosimilar was performed during the 2nd cycle before (PK1) and after (PK2) hemosorption procedures. The bevacizumab biosimilar concentration in the blood of patients before and after hemosorption showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0,423).The use of pharmaceutical treatment in the FOLFOX + bevacizumab (+) hemosorption group contributed to the achievement of an objective response (OR) in 62% of patients (p = 0.001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 ± 0.9 months [95% CI 8.3-11.7] in the FOLFOX + bevacizumab (+) hemosorption group, and 7 ± 0.5 months [95% CI 4.4-11.6] in the FOLFOX + bevacizumab (-) hemosorption group. There was no significant difference in PFS between the groups of patients treated with FOLFOX + bevacizumab regimen with and without hemosorption (p = 0.445).There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of nausea, diarrhoea and asthenia in the FOLFOX + bevacizumab (+) hemosorption group. The analysis of the dynamics of the quality of life (QoL) level before and after treatment showed that QoL level related to health (p = 0.0001) as well as the emotional (p = 0.0001) and social (p = 0,04) functioning increased in patients receiving the FOLFOX + bevacizumab regimen in combination with hemosorption, 0,039).Thus, the addition of hemosorption to the first-line drug treatment according to the FOLFOX + bevacizumab regimen does not affect bevacizumab pharmacokinetics, increases the frequency of objective response, reduces toxicity of the therapy and improves the quality of patients’ life indicators.

scholarly journals A Molecular Approach to Identification and Profiling of First-Line-Drug-Resistant Mycobacteria from Sputum of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: Table 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2082-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Hussain Chowdhury ◽  
Aditi Sen ◽  
Bojlul Bahar ◽  
Avijit Hazra ◽  
Urmita Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Line Drug

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 3170-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Xiaohong Gui ◽  
Kathryn DeRiemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Line Drug

ABSTRACT We determined the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among the isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 605 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shanghai, China. Mutations in gyrA were found in 81.5% of phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates and were used as a molecular marker of fluoroquinolone resistance. gyrA mutations were detected in 1.9% of strains pan-susceptible to first-line drugs and 25.1% of multidrug-resistant strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance was independently associated with resistance to at least one first-line drug and prior tuberculosis treatment.

scholarly journals 757. Community Prevalence of Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A 7-Year Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S272-S272
Author(s):  
Nandini Sethuraman ◽  
M a Thirunarayan ◽  
R Subbulakshmi ◽  
V Lakshmisree ◽  
Udhaya Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Prior History ◽  
First Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Line Drug

Abstract Background It is estimated that about 40% of the Indian population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), the vast majority of whom have latent TB. However, asymptomatic pulmonary carriage of the TB bacteria contributes to sustenance of the disease in the community and subsequent transmission. The present study was carried out to see the prevalence of culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis in apparently asymptomatic individuals from the community. Methods The study population consisted of individuals wishing to migrate to the USA/UK/Canada/Australia and submitting for the mandatory health check prior to obtaining the Visa. Chest X-ray was the initial screening test for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Individuals with any X-ray abnormalities were directed to submit three sputum samples for microscopy and culture which was done on automated culture systems (BacTALERT and MGIT). First-line drug susceptibility (INH, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin) testing data were retrieved wherever available. Data were obtained for a period of 7 years from August 2010 to July 2017. Results A total of 140,499 individuals presented for the health check. Of these, 1,002 (0.7%) were further investigated using sputum microscopy and culture based on chest X-ray findings. Of these, 42 (0.4%) individuals were sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Except two, none had any respiratory complaints. Eleven (27.5%) of them were smear positive for acid fast bacilli. Most of the patients (30%) belonged to the age group of 18–25 years. Eighty-four percent had no prior history of tuberculosis or treatment for TB. Fifty-nine percent isolates were sensitive to all first-line drugs (Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and streptomycin). Twenty-seven percent were resistant to pyrazinamide alone. Fourteen percent were resistant to more than one first-line drug. There were no cases of multidrug resistance. Conclusion This is a unique large-scale study which assesses prevalence of culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the urban Indian community. It stresses the need for more stringent public health measures to curb transmission of the disease in such a high endemic region such as India. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Effect of Computerized Auditory Training on Speech Perception of Adults With Hearing Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pizarek ◽  
Valeriy Shafiro ◽  
Patricia McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
And Training

Computerized auditory training (CAT) is a convenient, low-cost approach to improving communication of individuals with hearing loss or other communicative disorders. A number of CAT programs are being marketed to patients and audiologists. The present literature review is an examination of evidence for the effectiveness of CAT in improving speech perception in adults with hearing impairments. Six current CAT programs, used in 9 published studies, were reviewed. In all 9 studies, some benefit of CAT for speech perception was demonstrated. Although these results are encouraging, the overall quality of available evidence remains low, and many programs currently on the market have not yet been evaluated. Thus, caution is needed when selecting CAT programs for specific patients. It is hoped that future researchers will (a) examine a greater number of CAT programs using more rigorous experimental designs, (b) determine which program features and training regimens are most effective, and (c) indicate which patients may benefit from CAT the most.

Quality of Life of Youth With Hearing Loss

ASHA Leader ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Anne Skalicky ◽  
Brenda Schick ◽  
Donald Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss

Hearing Outcome of Stapes Surgery in NIENT, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Md Zakaria Sarkar ◽  
AHM Ferdows Nur ◽  
Utpal Kumar Dutta ◽  
Muhammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Debabrota Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Gain ◽  
Hearing Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing outcome after stapedotomy in patients with Otosclerosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019 in National Institute of ENT, Unit V. About 22 patients with Otosclerosis were included in this study. Diagnosis of Otosclerosis was based on the history, medical status with Otoscopy, Tuning fork tests and Audiometric tests. We compiled data on the pre and post operative air-bone gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1, 2 KHZ. The ABG was Calculated using AC and BC thresholds on the same audiogram. Post operative hearing gain was then Calculated from the ABG before the operation minus the ABG of the last follow up examination Results: In this study most of the cases were age group 14-30 years (72.7%), female (54.5%). Most common symptoms was progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (77.8%).The average preoperative hearing loss in this study was (AC) was 48.31±7.68. The average post opt. hearing (AC) at follow up was 28.95±10.30 with an average hearing gain of 15.40±8.53 dB which was significant. The average pre-operative ABG was 28.99 dB ± 8.10. The average post opt. ABG was analyzed at 1 follow up showed ABG 13.18±8.09 dB which was found to be significant. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patient’s quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 31-36

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