VAGINAL DISCHARGE MICROBIOTA AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Neha Yadav ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sonu Panwar P
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Biochemical Testing

One of the most common symptoms in women of reproductive age is vaginal discharge. Normal or abnormal vaginal discharge are both possible. It's important to address pathological discharge. The aim of this research was to investigate the microbiological prole of vaginal discharge and antimicrobial susceptibility trends in women of reproductive age. Easy wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used to diagnose the organism, whereas differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar were used to identify and categorise the pathogens, followed by biochemical testing and effective antibiotics to observe susceptibility trends. The antimicrobial activity of Clindamycin and Fluconazole against Gardnerella Vaginalis and Candida bacteria, respectively, was the strongest.

Isolation, identification and susceptibility pattern of Gardnerella vaginalis in bacterial vaginosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameem Akhter ◽  
Humayun Sattar ◽  
Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Sharmeen Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
And Control

Bacterial vaginosis is the commonest cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. A total 200 women aged 15- 45 years with history of abnormal vaginal discharge were included as study population. Fifty women without such history of discharge were taken as healthy control. Two vaginal swab samples were taken from each case and control. These swab samples were subjected to test by Gram stain (Nugent method) and culture. 21.5 % of the cases were diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis by Gram stain (Nugent method) and 21 % by culture. Clindamycin was susceptible to G. vaginalis in (90.5%) followed by metronidazol (76.1 %), chloramphenicol (71.4 %) and erythromycin (66.7 %). Out of 50 cases of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis was isolated from 15 (30 %) cases, of which 5 (33.3 %) were sensitive and 10 (66.7 %) were resistant to metronidazol, while all 15 cases were sensitive to clindamycin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15814 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 8-11

PREVALENCE OF MICROBIOTA ASSOCIATED TO VAGINAL DISCHARGE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP BASED ON SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Neha Yadav ◽  
Sonu Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

In women of reproductive age, vaginal discharge is one of the most frequent signs. Vaginal discharge may be physiological or pathological; thus, this study was conducted to ascertain the microbial diversity of vaginal discharge cases in relation to socioeconomic status and demographic history among women of reproductive age attending a tertiary care hospital. To diagnose the organism, simple wet laboratory preparation, 10% KOH, Gram staining, and pH paper were used, while to classify and categorise the pathogens, various differential agar media such as CHROM agar, Blood agar, and Sabouraud Dextrose agar were used, followed by some biochemical tests and the use of the Nugent Score. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 22 and 28. The patients were all from the lower middle class 41. (37.61 percent ). Microbial diagnosis revealed that 45 percent of patients had Bacterial Vaginosis, 41 percent had Candidiasis, 5% had Trichomoniasis, and 9% had both Bacterial Vaginosis and Candidiasis..

scholarly journals Comparative study of pap smear and microbiological pattern in bacterial vaginosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Girishma J. ◽  
Rupakala B. M. ◽  
Sunil Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women in reproductive age group. It is characterized by an increased vaginal pH and loss of normal lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes like Gardnerella vaginalis and other gram-negative rods. Purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of pap smear and microbiological pattern in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital (RRMCH) Bangalore, India. All patients with vaginal discharge were included in the study. Vaginal discharge samples were sent to gram staining, culture and pap smear examination.Results: Of the 52 patients, 18 patients (34.6%) showed positive for bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent’s score. Of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 8 of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to pap’s smear (44%) and 10 had negative pap smears. In our study, of the 18 patients with positive Gram stains, 14 (77%) of them were positive for bacterial vaginosis according to culture.Conclusions: In the present study we found out that correlation of gram stain and pap smear was 44% whereas correlation of gram stain and culture was 77%. Hence, we conclude that gram stain and culture are preferred for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis rather than the pap smear evaluation.

scholarly journals Clinical and microscopic correlation of abnormal vaginal discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Usharani N. ◽  
Swetha D.
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Set Up

Background: Vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group is the most common complaint encountered everyday both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause, followed by Candidiasis and Trichomonasis. Aims and objectives of the study were to correlate clinical and microscopic methods for diagnosing abnormal vaginal discharge and to find out the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in our set up.Methods: The study was carried out in Gynaecological OPD of VIMS, Ballari. After thorough history and gynecological examination, three samples were collected from the posterior fornix of vagina using sterile cotton swabs. The first swab was used to detect trichomonas vaginalis using wet mount microscopy. The second swab was used to determine amine/fishy odour (Whiff test). The third swab was used for gram staining to diagnose Bacterial vaginosis and Candida. The Gram-stained slides was evaluated using Nugent’s scoring system for detection of BV.Results: Bacterial vaginosis constitutes the most common cause of vaginal discharge, followed by Candidiasis and then Trichomoniasis in our set up. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis is 71.93%, 88.9%, and 33.3% and specificity are 54.65%, 92.15% and 99.49% for Bacterial vaginosis, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis respectively.Conclusions: The most ideal approach is the microbiological approach for the etiological diagnosis of symptomatic vaginal discharge. The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge is Bacterial vaginosis followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis.

Bacterial Vaginosis and its Relation with Sociodemographic Determinants in married reproductive age females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
R. Mukhtar ◽  
A. U.- Rehman ◽  
A. Ilyas ◽  
M. J. Khan ◽  
R. Liaqat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Reproductive Age Group ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis by pap smear cytology and find its association with its sociodemographic determinants. Study design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2016 to 31st October 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty pap smears of married women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge who attended Gynecology OPD were included. Proper history regarding age, socioeconomic status, age of marriage, literacy level, smoking, and nutritional status was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 19.2%(50)in this sample of 260 while 9.1% had Candidiasis, 47%, 17.2% ,3.7%, 4.1% had Mild nonspecific inflammation, Moderate nonspecific inflammation, Moderate to severe nonspecific inflammation, and negative smears respectively. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, monthly income, illiteracy, early age at marriage, history of abortion and nutritional status with significant p-value ≤ 0.05. However no association was found between the disease and marital status, smoking and pallor. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, literacy, age >35, nutritional status is strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key Words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Sociodemographic determinants

scholarly journals Features of vaginal microbiocenosis in women of reproductive age with overweight and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
K.A. Gasparyan ◽  
V.K. Kondratyuk ◽  
I.G. Ponomareva ◽  
K.O. Kondratyuk ◽  
N.P. Dzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Anaerobic Microflora

Overweight and obesity play a negative role in gynecological and obstetric practicE.In women, the frequency of infectious pathology increases against the background of metabolic disorderS.The most common form of infectious vaginitis is bacterial urogenital candidiasis, in the etiological structure of which a significant role belongs to the fungi Candida albicans, as well as Candida non-albicans: C.glabrata, C.tropicalis, C.parapsilosis, C.krusei. Associations of Candida fungi with various representatives of opportunistic microflora, such as gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic, facultative-anaerobic and obligate-anaerobic microorganisms, are often formed. As a result, numerous bacterial pathogens multiply and the number of lactobacilli, which are usually part of the bacterial flora of the vagina, is significantly reduced. In bacterial vaginosis (BV), the concentration of anaerobic pathogens Peptostreptococcus sp, Gardnerella vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus Mobiluncus sp, Mycoplasma hominis can increase 100 timeS.Activation of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis, which play a “key” role in the pathogenesis of BV, has been proven. The aim of the study was to study changes in the vaginal microbiome in women with candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis in order to improve existing treatment regimenS.We examined 120 women of reproductive age with overweight and obesity. The degree of microbial contamination was determined and the maximum possible spectrum of aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microflora was detected. In women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, overweight and obesity, a high concentration (lg5.8 CFU/ml) of Candida fungi was found, and in 95% of patients two-, three- and four-component associations of Candida fungi with various representatives of conditional pathogenic microflora. Lactobacillus deficiency was found in 58.3% of patients, and their complete absence – in 10.0%. Bacteriological examination of the vaginal contents of women with vaginosis and obesity revealed significant dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microflora, three-, four- and even five-component associations of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora with a predominance of anaerobeS.A low seeding level of lactobacilli (lg2.2 CFU/ml) was established. Thus, the gram-positive anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora of Firmicutes have a significant share in the spectrum of vaginal microflora in overweight and obese patients, in contrast to non-obese women of reproductive agE.In women of reproductive age with vulvovaginal candidiasis and obesity, in contrast to non-obese patients, a higher frequency of fungal-bacterial associations, a higher quantitative level of vaginal contamination by Candida albicans and non-albicans with a lack or general absence of lactoflora.

scholarly journals Criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using the test Femoflor-16

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Nazarova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Ekaterina N. Gerasimova ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Amsel Criteria

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is disturbance of the balance of the vaginal microflora, associated with a number of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this country, for the detection of vaginal dysbiotic conditions, the test Femoflor-16 (DNA-Technology, Moscow) is widely used, however interpretation algorithms of this test do not include the category of BV. Aim. The study aimed to elaborate diagnostic criteria for the detection of BV using Femoflor-16 test. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age addressing a gynecologist with vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For clinical diagnosis of BV, the Amsel criteria were used, laboratory analysis for BV was performed via microscopic investigation of vaginal discharge using the Nugent score. Samples of vaginal discharge from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for characterizing vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Results. A total of 280 women were included in the study. BV was diagnosed in 86 women (31%) using the Amsel criteria, and in 81 women (29%) using the Nugent score. All groups of anaerobic bacteria included in Femoflor-16 test were shown to be associated with BV, with the exception of bacteria of the genus Mobiluncus, which are detected together with phylogenetically related but not BV-associated bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium. A low amount of lactobacilli (< 10% of total bacterial load) coupled with an elevated amount of Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas (> 1%) and/or Eubacterium (> 2%) and/or Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium (> 0.1%) and/or Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister (> 0.1%) and/or Lachnobacterium/Clostridium (> 0.1%) and/or Peptostreptococcus (> 0.1%) and/or Atopobium vaginae (> 0.2%) detected BV with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions. Criteria for BV diagnosis using the test Femoflor-16 have been elaborated, which enable to detect BV or exclude it with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. These criteria for BV and criteria of the test manufacturers for severe anaerobic dysbiosis determine to a large extent the same category of the vaginal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND HISTORY OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION FOR PERIOD OF GESTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Meena ◽  
Anita Simlot ◽  
Ramesh Chandra ◽  
Pratibha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Reproductive Outcome ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Background: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age, accounting for 40 to 50 per cent of all cases of vaginal discharge. BV is a polymicrobial disorder. Methods: Hospital based observational study. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Results: In the present study 75.30% women had history of previous one abortion. Among them 25% women had BV. Women who had prior history of two or three and more than three abortions had BV in 40% and 40% proportion subsequently. Conclusion: In the present study, the author also studied the association between previous reproductive outcome and BV. No statistically significant association between history of previous one abortion and the presence of BV was found. Keywords: BV, Abortion, Reproductive outcome

scholarly journals Key Aspects of Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
A.L. Tikhomirov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Sarsaniya ◽  
V.V. Kazenashev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Key Aspects

Objective of the Paper: To describe options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Key Points: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The paper describes some options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of BV and includes clinical cases of the use of clindamycin in obstetric/gynecological practice. Conclusion: High rates of compliance with the treatment, low rates of recurrence, a short duration of treatment, and a low incidence of side effects support the use of clindamycin in the treatment of BV. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, abnormal vaginal discharge, biofilms, clindamycin, Dalacin.

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