scholarly journals Effects of heating rate and heating up time to central biomass particles for bio-oil production

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
MB Ahmed ◽  
ATMK Hasan ◽  
M Mohiuddin ◽  
M Asadullah ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Biomass Particles ◽  
Heating Up

Objective of this work was to pyrolysis woody biomass. Experiments were carried out at 300 to 500oC. Relatively bigger particles were used. Special emphasis was given to investigate the effects of heating rate and heating up time of the central mass of the particles on the product distribution. Surface temperature reached to the reactor set temperature immediately while the temperature at the central part was as low as 50oC. The center temperature gradually increased to the final temperature within 3 to 8 minutes, depending on the wood types and the reactor set temperature. For ipil-ipil wood the heating rate of the central mass was much faster than krishnachura and koroi woods, and thus the heating up time was lower. Ipil-ipil wood was experienced higher yield (65%) even at lower reactor temperature 300oC with particle temperature 450oC. In the case of krishnachura and koroi woods, the bio-oil yields were lower under the same condition due to the heating rates of the central parts were much slower. Further researchon different biomasses may be necessary to demonstrate overall process.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 13-22, 2016

Simulation of the Agro-Biomass(Olive Kernel) Fast Pyrolysis in a Wire Mesh Reactor Considering Intra-Particle Radial and Temporal Distribution of Products

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Damartzis ◽  
Margaritis Kostoglou ◽  
Anastasia Zabaniotou
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Transfer Model

In the present study, a model for the fast pyrolysis of a spherical biomass particle has been developed. The model admits the generation of data which are not accessible experimentally such as the intra-particle temperature and concentration distribution. Simulations have been carried using data from the reactor as well as from literature and the effects of the heating rate and the particle size have been examined. The kinetic model is coupled with a heat transfer model. The reaction kinetic constants have been chosen in order to match the theory to the data taken from experiments carried out in a laboratory wire mesh reactor, for a temperature range from 573 K to 873 K and a heating rate of 200 K/s. Pyrolysis temperature and product distribution profiles in both spatial and temporal directions throughout the particle are presented. The effects of the particle size and the reactor's heating rate in the final pyrolysis products and temperature are shown and discussed. Simulations were carried out using Matlab and the model has been validated against the experimental results. The heating rate, which is an important operating condition in thermal processes, seems to have a positive effect on the biomass conversion to gaseous and liquid products, an increase of the first resulting to an increase of the second. Particle size was found to have a negative effect on pyrolysis conversion as larger particles tend to give higher char yields. For the particular experimental system analyzed here, it seems that the radial non-uniformity is not very large and acceptable results can also be taken using a lumped particle model. Validation of the model with experimental data showed great accordance, thus the model could be used for the prediction of final pyrolysis yields and temperatures.

scholarly journals Design and development of a novel centrifuge ablative pyrolysis approach for biomass conversion to bio-oil and bio-char

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Murlidhar Gupta ◽  
Andrew McFarlan ◽  
Leslie Nguyen ◽  
Fernando Preto
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Carrier Gases ◽  
Biomass Particles ◽  
Forestry Residues

Pyrolysis has evolved as a key pre-treatment step to produce renewable fuels and chemicals from agricultural and forestry residues. In the past few years, there have been different directions in the development of pyrolysis reactors. For example, in vortex and cyclone approaches, biomass particles are suspended in a flow of high supersonic velocities to ensure enough centrifugal forces for pressing the particles against the heated reactor surface. Although simple in design, the requirement of large volumes of carrier gases necessitates cumbersome downstream gas separation, resulting in thermodynamic penalties and higher capital equipment costs. In ablative systems, with little or no carrier gases, the key challenge relates to using an appropriate mechanism to continuously apply forces on biomass particles during pyrolysis. In a recent alternative approach, thermo-mechanical rotors at very high rpm have been used to create the required centrifugal forces for pressing the biomass particles against the heated walls of a concentric shell. In the current approach, a modular centrifuge pyrolysis system has been designed using Biot and Thiele numbers as key constraints for characterizing ablative regimes. Unlike other centrifuge pyrolysis reactors, the novel rotor mechanism incorporated in this reactor system facilitates constant centrifugal force as well continuous propagation of biomass feeds. The 10 kg/hr thermo-mechanical pyrolysis system has been successfully commissioned using hardwood sawdust. Properties of bio-oil and bio-char produced in this new reactor have been compared to products from fluid bed pyrolysis system. In addition to its compact and modular design suitable for mobile pyrolysis units, it can be operated in variable regimes of pyrolysis, e.g., slow to fast modes, allowing adjustable product distribution.

scholarly journals Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of PM Steel—A Matter of the Heating Rate

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Stefan Geroldinger ◽  
Raquel de Oro Calderon ◽  
Christian Gierl-Mayer ◽  
Herbert Danninger
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Cct Diagrams

Powder metallurgy (PM) offers several variants to introduce alloying elements for establishing the desired final composition. One route is the master alloy (MA) approach. The composition and the elements contained in the MA can be adjusted to obtain a liquid phase that penetrates through the interconnected pore network and thus enhances the distribution of the alloying elements and the homogenization of the microstructure. Such a liquid phase is often of a transient character, and therefore the amount of liquid formed and the time the liquid is present during the sintering are highly dependent on the heating rates. The heating rate has also an impact on the reaction temperatures, and therefore, by properly adjusting the heating rate, it is possible to sinter PM-steels alloyed with Fe-Cr-Si-C-MA at temperatures below 1250 °C. The present study shows the dependence of the melting regimes on the heating rate (5, 10, 20, 120 K/min) represented by “Kissinger plots”. For this purpose, liquid phase formation and distribution were monitored in quenching dilatometer experiments with defined heating up to different temperatures (1120 °C, 1180 °C, 1250 °C, 1300 °C) and subsequent quenching. Optimum sintering conditions for the materials were identified, and the concept was corroborated by C and O analysis, CCT diagrams, metallographic sections, and hardness measurements.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect on the Non-Oxygenated Fraction of Bio-Oil in Thermal Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Polypropylene at Low Heating Rate

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Dijan Supramono ◽  
Adithya Fernando Sitorus ◽  
Mohammad Nasikin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Particles ◽  
Mass Ejection

Biomass pyrolysis and polypropylene (PP) pyrolysis in a stirred tank reactor exhibited different heat transfer phenomena whereby heat transfer in biomass pyrolysis was driven predominantly by heat radiation and PP pyrolysis by heat convection. Therefore, co-pyrolysis could exhibit be expected to display various heat transfer phenomena depending on the feed composition. The objective of the present work was to determine how heat transfer, which was affected by feed composition, affected the yield and composition of the non-polar fraction. Analysis of heat transfer phenomena was based on the existence of two regimes in the previous research in which in regime 1 (the range of PP composition in the feeds is 0–40%), mass ejection from biomass particles occurred without biomass particle swelling, while in regime 2 (the range of PP composition in the feeds is 40–100%), mass ejection was preceded by biomass particle swelling. The co-pyrolysis was carried out in a stirred tank reactor with heating rate of 5 °C/min until 500 °C and using N2 gas as carrier gas. Temperature measurement was applied to pyrolysis fluid at the lower part of the reactor and small biomass spheres of 6 mm diameter to simulate heat transfer to biomass particles. The results indicate that in regime 1 convective and radiative heat transfers sparingly occurred and synergistic effect on the yield of non-oxygenated phase increased with increasing convective heat transfer at increasing %PP in feed. On the other hand, in regime 2, convective heat transfer was predominant with decreasing synergistic effect at increasing %PP in feed. The optimum PP composition in feed to reach maximum synergistic effect was 50%. Non-oxygenated phase portion in the reactor leading to the wax formation acted as donor of methyl and hydrogen radicals in the removal of oxygen to improve synergistic effect. Non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil contained mostly methyl comprising about 53% by mole fraction, while commercial diesel contained mostly methylene comprising about 59% by mole fraction

scholarly journals Co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene for production of biofuel similar to gasoline at low heating rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Dijan Supramono ◽  
Fianna Utomo ◽  
Setiadi ◽  
Mohammad Nasikin
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ft Ir

Co-pyrolysis between corncobs and polypropylene has a synergetic effect that transforms part of polar fraction of bio-oil into non-polar fraction containing non-oxygenate compounds as precursor for synthesis of bio-fuel. In the present work, pyrolysis of the nonpolar fraction of bio-oil was led to produce bio-oil with viscosity similar to that of gasoline and contained non-oxygenated compounds. The pyrolysis was carried out in 2 stages, where the first-stage was co-pyrolysis to produce non-polar bio-oil and the second-stage was pyrolysis of non-polar fraction from the first stage to reduce its viscosity similar to that of gasoline. The first and second-stage pyrolysis was carried out in a stirred tank reactor at heating rate of 5˚C/min using nitrogen as carrier gas with the second-stage pyrolysis final temperature varied. The resulting bio-oil product was characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, H-NMR, viscometer and LC-MS. The results show that bio-oil viscosity and yield of the second-stage pyrolysis heavily depended on its final temperature, in which the higher the temperature, the higher was the viscosity, yet the higher was the bio-oil yield. Final temperature of 300°C was the optimal one for obtaining bio-oil similar to gasoline regarding its close viscosity despite of low yield of bio-oil. Pyrolysis of bio-oil may be performed coinciding with attempting of reducing branching index to reduce its viscosity.

Effects of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Precipitation of 3C-SiC Islands on 4H-SiC(0001) from a Liquid Phase

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Olivier Kim-Hak ◽  
Gabriel Ferro ◽  
Jacques Dazord ◽  
Patrick Chaudouët ◽  
Didier Chaussende
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Like on 6H-SiC substrates, 3C-SiC islands precipitation was found to be the initial stage of the VLS growth of 3C-SiC layers on 4H-SiC surfaces. This precipitation happens between 1100 and 1200°C with a heating rate of 2.8°C.s-1, without addition of propane. The islands size increases in a similar manner whether the final temperature increases (for a given heating rate) or the heating rate decreases (for a given final temperature). This enlargement can give rise to a complete cubic layer for the highest temperatures or the slowest heating rates. It is suggested that the carbon atoms involved in the enlargement process (after the nucleation) come from the graphite crucible.

The Effects of Process Parameters on the Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Using a Fixed-Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Rahayu Mohamed ◽  
Zainab Hamzah ◽  
Mohamed Zulkali Mohamed Daud
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Bio Oil

Malaysia is well-known as one of the main producer and exporter of palm oil. With the high production of crude palm oil (CPO), huge amount of empty fruit bunch was generated as by-products. The abundant amount of EFB produced required careful waste management procedures. Pyrolysis is thermochemical decomposition of biomass in inert environment towards its conversion into bio-oil, bio-char and gas. In this study, the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using a fixed bed reactor. The pertinent process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, particle sizes and heating rates were investigated via the determination of the percentage product yields such as bio-oil, bio-char and gas. The first series of experiment was conducted to determine the effect of pyrolysis temperatures. The final pyrolysis temperature was varied at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C at constant heating rates and the nitrogen flowrates of 30 °C/min and 100 cm3/min respectively. It was determined that at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C maximum bio-oil yield of 35.00 % was obtained with bio-char and gas yield of 26.98 and 38.02% respectively. In the second series of experiment, the effect of particle sizen was studied. The EFB particle was varied at <125, 125-250, 250-500, 500-710 and 710-1000 μm. The pyrolysis temperature was fixed at 500 °C with nitrogen flowrate of 100 cm3/min and heating rate of 30 °C/min. It was determined that using EFB particle size of 250-500 μm, the maximum bio-oil of 38.52% was achieved with bio-char and gas yields of 25.06 % and 36.42% respectively. In the third series of experiment to determine the effect of heating rates, the heating rates was varied at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C/min towards the final pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C with constant nitrogen flowrates of 100 cm3/min. The results obtained showed that the highest amount of bio-oil of 40.81% was obtained when the heating rate of 20 °C/min was used. The bio-char and gas yield obtained were 24.69% and 34.50% respectively.

Experimental Study on Edible Mushroom Bran Pyrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Guo ◽  
Yong Jun Xu ◽  
Xiao Xi Yang ◽  
Frank G.F Qin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Third Stage

Pyrolysis characteristics of edible mushroom bran with different heating rates were investigated applying a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) coupled with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The pyrolysis experiments were performed up to 1073 K at heating rates of 10, 20, 30 K/min in a dynamic nitrogen flow of 20 ml/min. The results show that important differences on the pyrolytic behavior and product distributions are observed when heating rate is changed. At the lower heating rates, the starting temperature, final temperature of pyrolysis and the maximum rates of mass losses were relatively low. When the heating rate was increased, the starting temperature, final temperature of pyrolysis and the maximum rates of mass losses also increased. There have three stages: the first-stage was from the temperature of 20 to110°C with a weight loss of 12.33~14.36%; the second-stage was from 220°C to 400°C with a weight loss of 45.09~49.59%; the third stage was from 400 to 800°Cwith a weight loss of 15.11%~ 15.34%. The main pyrolysis vapour was CO2, phenol , and significant amounts of H2O, hydrocarbon, carbonyl compounds and acids.

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