scholarly journals FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONTAINING PLASMA CELLS IN ILEUM REPRESENTING GUT-ASSOCIATED-LYMPHATIC TISSUES IN THE BCRDV-VACCINATED BROILER

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M. A. Masum ◽  
M. Z. I. Khan ◽  
M. N. H. Siddiqi ◽  
M. Nasrin ◽  
N. Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
And Control ◽  
Columnar Cells

Histological studies and development of immunoglobulin containing plasma cells in ileum representing gut-associated-lymphatic tissue of various group of broiler chickens vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to October, 2011. A total of 24 day-old broiler chickens of both sexes were divided into two groups such as vaccinated and control. Vaccinated group of broiler chickens were vaccinated at third day through ocular route. It was observed that the villi of ileum were long and slender, lined by simple columnar cells with numerous goblet cells. Scattered lymphocytes and unorganized lymphatic nodules were present in the lamina propria and core of the villi. The frequency and distribution of lymphocytes in the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased with concentration in vaccinated group. The length and width of mucosa were highest at D28. In the ileum of chickens, the IgA, IgG and IgM positive cells were found in the lamina propria, around the intestinal glands and in the core of the villi of both control and vaccinated group of chickens. The IgA positive cells were significantly (p<0.01) higher than IgG and IgM positive cells in all stages of study in each group of chickens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15641

Early Colonic Lesions in Experimental Shigella Infection in Rhesus Monkeys: Revisited

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Columnar Cells

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), given 3 × 108 to 5 × 1010Shigella flexneri 2a orally, developed signs of acute shigellosis within 24 hours. A diffuse acute colitis was well established at 48 hours. The inflammatory reaction was confined to the mucosa. The submucosa showed only edema. The shigellae were found predominantly in the columnar cells of the surface epithelium, less frequently in those of the crypt, and least frequently in the lamina propria. Shigella bacilli invaded the columnar cells from the intestinal lumen. The bacilli multiplied within epithelial cells and spread laterally to adjacent epithelial cells and penetrated the lamina propria. The bacterial invasion affected epithelial cells unevenly and resulted in the disappearance of goblet cells and pyknotic shrinkage of the surface epithelial cells. Epithelial cells had abnormal and accelerated exfoliation which resulted in multifocal epithelial defects. There was a distinct correlation between the quantity of bacilli present in tissues and the intensity of the inflammatory response. The small intestines were spared.

scholarly journals Morpho-histochemistry of the distal intestines and rectum of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Ekele Ikpegbu ◽  
Uchenna Nlebedum ◽  
Chikera Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Tunica Muscularis ◽  
Acid Mucins ◽  
Columnar Cells

The morphology of the farmed African catfish distal intestines and rectum was investigated. The samples were dissected out and the tissue slices were passed through graded ethanol, cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and stained for light microscopy. Grossly, the intestine was subdivided into proximal, middle, distal and rectal regions based on palpable thickness and diameter of the regions. No intestino-rectal valve was observed; hence the rectum was not well defined. The histology revealed the presence of tunica mucosa of simple columnar cells, lamina propria of collagen fibres and muscularis mucosae of smooth muscle fibres; submucosa of loose connective tissues and blood vessels; tunica muscularis of smooth muscles in an inner circular and outer longitudinal arrangement; and a serosa in all regions except the rectum and anus that presented tunica adventitia. The mucosal folds were fingerlike to orange leaf shaped ingrowths into the lumen on a transverse section. They decreased in complexity and height but increased in width towards the rectum. The lining epithelium of the intestinal tract was comprised of the absorptive simple columnar cells containing goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Some rectal simple columnar epithelium contained supranuclear vacuoles while others contained non-vacuolated cytoplasm. The goblet cells contained neutral and acid mucins, and increased in number progressively towards the rectum. The anal tunica muscularis contained mostly skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHOID TISSUES AND MUCOSA OF BROILERS

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Hussan ◽  
M.Z.I. Khan ◽  
N.S. Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cervical Subluxation

The experiment was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A total 15 (fifteen) day-old "Cobb-500" chickens (broilers) of both sexes were purchased from "Kazi Farm Ltd." Mymensingh. For immunohistochemical staining purpose, the bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils and ileum was collected from postnatal broiler chickens after sacrificing by cervical subluxation method. Sample (n=3) was collected every 7 days interval starting from day 3 up to 32 days of age. Immunohistochemical study revealed that in the bursa of Fabricius, the Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were found principally beneath the capsule, around the follicles and in the cortex and also medulla. In all stages of development (from day 3 to day 32) IgM positive cells were more followed by IgG and IgA positive cells. In the cecal tonsils, Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were distributed within the lymphatic nodules, lamina propria and in the core of the villi. Early in the postnatal development (at day 3), no IgA positive cells were found in the cecal tonsils and IgM positive cells were more than IgG positive cells. At day 32, IgA positive cells were more than IgG and IgM positive cells. With the advancement of age, the Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were increased significantly. In the early postnatal development (at day 3) no immunoglobulin positive cells were found in the ileum. From the later stage (at Day 11), Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were found distributed in the lamina propria, around the intestinal glands and in the core of the villi of ileum. Immunoglobulin positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were increased gradually with increasing age and IgA positive cells were more than IgG and IgM positive cells at day 32.

scholarly journals Tissue distribution of B-lymphocyte subsets (IgA, IgG and IgM) in the mucosa and lymphoid tissues of broilers immunized with Gumboro vaccine

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
MT Hussan ◽  
MZI Khan ◽  
MR Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cecal Tonsil ◽  
Intestinal Gland

The present research was designed to study the histological and immunohistochemical changes of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and cecal tonsil) and in the ileum (representative mucosal organ) of broiler chickens after immunization with Gumboro vaccine. Two groups (n=24) of Cobb-500 broiler chickens were reared in a same environment A mild vaccine (BUR® 706) followed by a intermediate (Nobilis® Gumboro 228 E) type vaccine was administered for immunization of chickens and samples were collected at 7 days interval for up to 32 days of age. The conventional histological structure of all three organs of the present study was similar to the earlier reports. In addition, in the bursa of Fabricius, the population of lymphocytes and the size of the follicles were found to increase in vaccinated chickens than the control chickens. The Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) were distributed principally beneath the capsule, around the follicles and in the cortex and medulla. The frequencies of IgG- and IgM- positive cells were more than the IgA-positive cells in the bursa of vaccinated group. IgM-positive cells became peak at day 25 and started to decline at day 32 in the bursa of Fabricius of vaccinated groups of chickens. In the cecal tonsils and ileum, the Igs positive cells (IgA, IgG and IgM) distributed around the intestinal gland and within the lymphatic nodules of the lamina propria, in the core of the villi, and within the epithelium in both the control and vaccinated chickens. Their frequency per 0.1 mm2 area of the lamina propria and in the epithelium was increased abruptly in the vaccinated group than the control broiler chickens. Like bursa, in the cecal tonsil and ileum of vaccinated chickens, the frequencies of IgG- and IgM-positive cells were also more than IgA-positive cells. The present study suggested that, the Igs positive cells were greatly accelerated in the vaccinated chickens than the control chickens and it may be due to immunomodulatory effect of vaccine.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.14154Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 13-19

scholarly journals Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nasrin ◽  
M N H Siddiqi ◽  
M A Masum ◽  
M A Wares
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

We studied anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens  with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D1), days 14 (D14) and  days 28 (D28), total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of  different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin  and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights  (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large  intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The histological layers of  digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa  with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in  numbers at D1 (in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D14 (6 in number per focus under 100x)  and at D28 (2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous  microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the  surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and  large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly  pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum  became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were  wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along  the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous  long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of  small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The number  of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D28 than  the chickens at D14 and at D1.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12096   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 69–77, 2012  

Quantitative Changes of the Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Leaves of Aleurites montana as a Consequence of Growth under 700 ppm CO2 in the Atmosphere

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
P He ◽  
A Radunz ◽  
K. P Bader ◽  
G. H Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Fraction ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
The Core ◽  
Glycolipid Fraction ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
And Control ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Leaf lipids of Aleurites plants that were cultivated for 5 months in air containing 700 ppm CO2, were compared to those of control plants cultivated at 350 ppm CO2. The content of ether soluble lipids referred to dry matter is the same in CO2-and control plants. The comparison of lipids analyzed as the pigments chlorophyll and carotenoids, phospholipids and glycolipids shows that the ratio of phospholipids and glycolipids is slightly shifted in favor of phospholipids in CO2-plants. Thus, within the group of phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol occur in higher concentrations in CO2-plants. Although the differences in the lipid content appear moderate in CO2-and control plants, it is the saturation degree of fatty acids that differs substantially. The fatty acids of CO2-plants contain according to the higher phospholipid content approx. 5% more saturated fatty acids. Stearic acid is three-fold increased. Whereas in the phospholipid fraction saturated fatty acids comprise one half of all fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids make up for 80 to 90% in the glycolipid fraction. In CO2-plants not only in the phospholipid fraction but also in the glycolipid fraction saturated fatty acids occur in a higher portion. This means that not only in the cell membrane of CO2-plants but also in the thylakoid membrane the fluidity is decreased. Also in the wax-fraction long-chained carbonic acids with 20 -26 carbon atoms occur. As the portion of these carbonic acids is twice as high in CO2-plants, it is concluded that a stronger formation of the wax layers exists in CO2-plants. By means of Western blotting and by the use of lipid and carotenoid antisera the binding of lipids onto proteins of photosystem II and photosystem I was analyzed. It is seen that besides the major amount of lipids which build up the thylakoid membrane, some lipids are also bound to membrane peptides. Whereas monogalactolipid is bound to the LHCP-complex peptides, to the OEC1 -peptide and the 43 and 47 kDa chlorophyll binding peptides, the anionic lipids sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylglycerol and digalactolipid are bound to the core peptides of PS II and PS I. β-carotene and the xanthophylls were found to be bound to the core peptides and β-carotene and violaxanthin were also bound to the light-harvesting pigment complex.

Study on Novel Automatic Steel Bundling Machine Pneumatic Control System

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
Cheng Qun Li ◽  
Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Pneumatic Control ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Type ◽  
Action Process ◽  
And Control

This paper introduces a new type of automatic steel bundling machine for bundling process, which includes a pneumatic action process, mainly do some researches on the pneumatic control system. The system chooses PLC as the core control component, puts forward the hardware of control system and control flow. Eventually we have been designed the control program.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Enterococcal Spondylitis Caused by Enterococcus cecorum in Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Borst ◽  
M. M. Suyemoto ◽  
A. H. Sarsour ◽  
M. C. Harris ◽  
M. P. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Osteochondrosis Dissecans ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Hind Limb Paralysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum

Enterococcal spondylitis (ES) is a disease of commercial broiler chickens, with a worldwide distribution. Symmetrical hind limb paralysis typical of ES results from infection of the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) by pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum . To determine the pathogenesis of ES, birds with natural and experimental ES were studied over time. In natural disease, case birds (n = 150) from an affected farm and control birds (n = 100) from an unaffected farm were evaluated at weeks 1–6. In control birds, intestinal colonization by E. cecorum began at week 3. In case birds, E. cecorum was detected in intestine and spleen at week 1, followed by infection of the FTV beginning at week 3. E. cecorum isolates recovered from intestine, spleen, and FTV of case birds had matching genotypes, confirming that intestinal colonization with pathogenic strains precedes bacteremia and infection of the FTV. Clinical intestinal disease was not required for E. cecorum bacteremia. In 1- to 3-week-old case birds, pathogenic E. cecorum was observed within osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the FTV. To determine whether OCD of the FTV was a risk factor for ES, 214 birds were orally infected with E. cecorum, and the FTV was evaluated histologically at weeks 1–7. Birds without cartilage clefts of OCD in the FTV did not develop ES; while birds with OCD scores ≥3 were susceptible to lesion development. These findings suggest that intestinal colonization, bacteremia, and OCD of the FTV in early life are crucial to the pathogenesis of ES.

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