scholarly journals Bengali language situation in the judicial system in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Nahid Ferdouci
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bengali Language ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

Bengali language has been declared as the state language of the Republic in Article 3 of the Constitution of Bangladesh. Bengali is our mother tongue and we have achieved this at the cost of much blood. Moreover Bangla Bhasha Procholon Ain (Bengali Language Implementation Act) was made in 1987 for ensuring compulsory use of Bengali in courts and offices of Bangladesh. In spite of these provisions, English is still used in the judicial system (Higher Courts) in Bangladesh. Often delivering of judgments in English creates various problems for poor and illiterate person. People in our country speak in Bengali. Language of courts should follow the language of the common people. An attempt has been made in this article to assess the status and the enforceability of Bengali language with historical background, limitations of bringing into practice and some necessary measures for effective use of Bengali language in the courts. Key words: Bengali language, judgments in English, impact on the peopleDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i3.4143 The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics: Vol.2 No.3 February, 2009 Page: 53-68

The current status of aquatic biological resources and their habitat cross-border section in the Dnieper river within the Smolensk region Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Alexey Ivanovich Nikitenko ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Goryachev ◽  
Vladimir Gennadlevich Kostousov ◽  
Georgy Prokofievich Prischepov ◽  
Viktor Kazimirovich Rizevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Share Value ◽  
Made In ◽  
Russian Section

The study presents materials on the status of aquatic biological resources and their habitat in the Dnieper River within the territory of the Russian and the Belarus. In the recent period, there has been hardly any complex fishery research in the upper reach of the river within the boundaries of the Smolensk Region due to the lack of commercial fishing; the same can be applied to the reach of the river within the Vitebsk Region in Belarus. The collection of materials and scientific and research accounting network surveys for monitoring the state of aquatic bioresources were carried out on the Dnieper River as part of the research in 2019 according to a preplanned grid of stations. When fishing for scientific research purposes, 20 net-stops of smooth frame nets were made in the Russian section, and 9 net-stops were made in the Belarusian section. In the Russian section of the Dnieper River, the species composition was 16 species of fish, and in the Belarusian section — 22 species. The main catch in the Russian section is roach 29% and chub 20%, in the Belarusian section bream — from 3 to 46%, roach — from 19 to 63% and gustera — from 1.8 to 33%, in a slightly smaller number of river perch (on average up to 10%). The share value of roach and guster tends to decrease from the upper to the lower areas, bream-on the contrary to increase, the value of perch is approximately equal in all areas. In the size structure of the caught fish species, there is a dynamic with a good reproductive potential.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL TRANSLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LANGUAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 1456-1461
Author(s):  
Aaron Mnguni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
National Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Role Translation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic

In terms of the Census 2011 in South Africa, the majority of the South African population use indigenous African languages as mother tongue, compared to the minority that use English, Afrikaans and other languages. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) declared Sepedi (N. Sotho), Sesotho, Setswana, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, English, Siswati, isiNdebele, isiXhosa and isiZulu as official languages of the Republic of South Africa. Even though in 1996 eleven languages were declared official by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996), English and Afrikaans have maintained their pre-1994 status as de facto languages in the technical and scientific fields. The anomaly of the dominance of English and Afrikaans, particularly in the financial industry, has implication for the development of the majority of the citizens in the country, especially in poverty-alleviation and national development interventions. Without paying a special focus on the dynamics in languages, it could be extremely difficult to understand how issues of power, identity, conflict and resistance are established and maintained within organisations and even governments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate reasons for the persistence of the status quo in the positioning of languages in South Africa in particular regarding financial documents. This paper also looks at some of the challenges the African languages are faced with in making inroads in fields such as the finance, as well as implications for the speakers of the African languages over the two decades after the new dispensation was ushered in. The polysystem theory championed by Even-Zohar assists in putting the role translation can play in the effort of developing African languages and putting African languages into perspective. It is also hoped that this paper will contribute towards the debate on intellectualisation of the African languages in South Africa. Keywords: African languages, financial translation, multilingualism, polysystem, poverty, South Africa.

Results of Russian Occupation and Economic Crisis in Georgia's Conflict Areas in the Case of Abkhazia

2022 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Bondo Nikoloz Gasviani ◽  
Tinatin Zhorzholiani ◽  
Teimuraz Shengelia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Status

The present study analyzes the historical background of the formation of the Abkhazian economy and geographical-resource potential and the economic situation of Abkhazia before and after the Russian-Georgian war of 1991-1992. Special attention was paid to the recognition of the international status of the Republic of Abkhazia by the Russian Federation, in gross violation of international norms, the results of which did not have a significant positive impact on the economic or social well-being of the local population. However, it confirmed Russia's imperialist intentions concerning occupation of Georgian territory with the status of “peacemaker” in 1992-1993 and the fact of misleading the international community. In the chapter, the criminal nature of the economy of occupied Abkhazia is substantiated. Also, the chapter analyzes the mechanisms/levers of economic pressure management in the Russian-occupied territory and its negative consequences for the population living in the area.

MODERN TAJIKISTAN MEDIA DISCOURSE IN THE CONDITIONS OF LANGUAGE POLICY TRANSFORMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Takhmina G. Khasanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Policy Transformation ◽  
Language Promotion

At the epicentre of this research is the issue of language policy in the framework of transformation processes in the Republic of Tajikistan, which is reflected in the country’s media discourse. Initially, the author draws attention to the fact that the Tajik media, considered the most professional and free in Central Asia, during the period of the cardinal change of historical milestones were distinguished by tendentiousness, turning into a thoughtless machine for directives implementation. The article presents the author’s independent Tajikistan media main stages classification and gives a succinct description of each of them. The author substantiates the status of language policy subjectivity. The multi-vector, rationalism and balance of language policy in the Republic of Tajikistan is particularly noted. The author carries out a comparative analysis of some former socialist camp countries experience due to socio-linguistic goals related to the state language promotion and the special legal status assignment to the Russian language. Official statistics are presented on the quantitative distribution of the republic’s population by gender, nationality and mother tongue, in accordance with which the media discourse in the context of language policy is analyzed. In conclusion, a number of main criteria for the language policy pursued by the Tajik authorities are listed, in accordance with which the Tajik language policy is highly praised by experts.

scholarly journals About the juvenile direction of criminal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: historical background and development issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
M. M. Myrzash
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Labor Impact

The article considers the paradigm of the Republic of Kazakhstans juvenile criminal policy, reveals its historical background and development problems. The article describes the features of the Biy judicial system in the Kazakh society up to the middle of the XVIII century. The article examines the characteristics of applying criminal punishment to juveniles after the accession of the Kazakh khanates to the Russian Empire in the XVIIIXIX centuries. The conclusion is made about the continuity of juvenile justice foundations in pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia and modern Kazakhstan. The article confirms the ineffectiveness of further lowering the age of criminal responsibility, as well as traditional punishments that provide for the deprivation or restriction of liberty of juveniles. The idea of re-socialization of juveniles who have served a criminal sentence and are released from it is defended. To re-socialize, it is recommended to expand the practice of alternative punishments without isolation from society related to labor impact and the introduction of probation with labor impact concerning juveniles in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Sea and Rail Transport at the Example of the Port of Aktau

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
S. E. Badambaeva ◽  
E. V. Borodina ◽  
E. S. Prokofieva
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Rational Interaction

The paper analyzes the cargo turnover of the seaports of the Caspian basin, examines the main seaports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, assesses the features of their port facilities, and their importance for the country’s transport potential. The study also comprises the analysis of the indicators of the transshipment of cargo in the seaport of Aktau, of its railway and maritime infrastructure, the SWOT analysis of the railways at the approaches to the port. The port’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as key forms of interaction between rail and sea transport and their sphere of effective use have been identified.It is shown that the technical capacity of the port and port rail facilities plays a considerable role in ensuring the further growth of cargo turnover of Kazakhstan’s ports. Main tasks of the optimal interaction of rail and sea transport at the port transport hub are formulated. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a model for the rational interaction between the port facilities and railways in order to increase their capacity, reduce the downtime of wagons and locomotives at stations and berths, as well as to reduce the cost of rail transportation within the port.

Translating into a new LSP

Target ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Vlachopoulos
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

This paper deals with the translation of the English-language Common Law legislation of the Republic of Cyprus into Greek. The legislation introduced to Cyprus in 1935 was common law codified by the British for use in the colonies. The aim of the paper is threefold: (a) to research the historical background and highlight the communicative implications for a community where the language of the law is not the mother tongue of the people, (b) to reconstruct the methods the translators applied when they translated the Law of Civil Wrongs from English into Greek within the common law framework of the Republic of Cyprus, and (c) to establish how the actual process of translation affected the target LSP.

scholarly journals Constitutional Principles of the Judiciary of the Republic of Karakalpakstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
G. Berdimuratova
Keyword(s):  
Judicial System ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic

Article discusses provisions that indicate that in order to determine the fundamental principles of the judiciary, it is necessary to study the system of principles on which it is based. As the most general provisions expressing the essence and content of the phenomenon under study, the principles of the judicial system reflect the nature of the judiciary and the level of legal development of society. The status of the judiciary is revealed, first of all, by formulating the principles of its implementation.

THE IMPORTANCE OF “COMMUNİTY CENTERS” AS A CULTURAL INSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REPUBLIC PERIOD MUSEUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Hatice ENGİN
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Community Centers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
The People ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Foreign Directors ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

The development of museology in Turkey corresponds to the last period of the Ottoman Empire (westernization period). One of the main reasons why the idea of museology developed in a late period in Turkey was that the protection of cultural heritage did not gain importance. In this direction, the importance of protecting ancient artifacts in a building and being a museum has been understood late. However, thanks to the museum examples that Ahmet Fethi Pasha, one of the important statesmen of the period, saw during his European travels, the lack of a museum in Turkey was constantly mentioned. European museums, which influenced the Pasha, strengthened the idea of establishing a museum in Istanbul day by day. Thus, museology activities were started with the transformation of Hagia Eirene Church into a museum. Hagia Iri Church was the first example in Turkey in terms of forming the core of the idea of museology. Ottoman period museology, after the foreign directors, Osman Hamdi Bey was appointed as the museum director, and Turkish Museology was brought to life in a real sense. Osman Hamdi has spent a lot of effort to advance museology in accordance with the contemporary understanding of museology. Considering in this context, it has been a preparatory stage in the museum of the Republic Period. When we look at the museums of the Republic Period, museum activities were carried out with a rapid breakthrough under the leadership of Atatürk. Community Centers, were established in order to adopt the reforms made in this period to the public. In time, a “museum branch” was added to the Community Centers. With the museology branch, it was aimed to explain the importance of museology to the public and to be sensitive about it. In the community centers, ethnographic materials reflecting the culture of the people were collected in the first place. Thus, preliminary preparations were made for the museums to be established. The main purpose of the study is to emphasize the importance of the Community Centers established in the Republican Period in Turkish Museology. Thanks to the community centers and cultural institutions established under the leadership of Atatürk, the adoption of museology to the public and its contributions to museology will be expressed. In the study, the historical background of the community centers will be included and the connection of these institutions with museology will be tried to be expressed.

PRIORITIES FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF PASTURES IN DEVELOPING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AT THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1444
Author(s):  
A.I. Sabirova ◽  
◽  
S.T. Zhumasheva ◽  
I.S. Taipova ◽  
M.A. Bryzgalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Private Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Effective Use

The institutional and organizational-economic directions of the effective using pastures for keeping private households livestock around the settlement territories, creating favorable environmental conditions for rural residents, preventing land degradation around rural settlements are considered. The current regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development of households and the use of pasture areas for developing animal husbandry is analyzed. Based on the assessment of the legislative support for this category of farms in the countries of the Union of Independent States, the rationale for the need to adopt the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the activities of people’s private households” is provided. On the basis of a monographic study of rural areas around large rural settlements and private animals farms, the degree of seasonal use of pastures in rural areas in different natural and agricultural zones was determined, the regions with a lack of pastures and a high concentration of rural population, as well as the regions with a low load of livestock on pastures were identified. Households with a large number of livestock and output of marketable products, which do not have the status of individual entrepreneurs, were identified. An assessment is given of the state of reserve territories of reserve lands, forest resources and reserves for their possible involvement in agricultural turnover on the basis of long-term and short-term lease to replenish the feed stock of livestock kept in private households. Methods have been developed for determining the organizational and economic mechanisms for regulating livestock grazing in rural areas by observing the optimal load of livestock from private households and their seasonal use with the involvement of reserve lands in the agricultural turnover, transforming peasant farms into business structures.

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