Results of Russian Occupation and Economic Crisis in Georgia's Conflict Areas in the Case of Abkhazia

2022 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Bondo Nikoloz Gasviani ◽  
Tinatin Zhorzholiani ◽  
Teimuraz Shengelia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
International Status

The present study analyzes the historical background of the formation of the Abkhazian economy and geographical-resource potential and the economic situation of Abkhazia before and after the Russian-Georgian war of 1991-1992. Special attention was paid to the recognition of the international status of the Republic of Abkhazia by the Russian Federation, in gross violation of international norms, the results of which did not have a significant positive impact on the economic or social well-being of the local population. However, it confirmed Russia's imperialist intentions concerning occupation of Georgian territory with the status of “peacemaker” in 1992-1993 and the fact of misleading the international community. In the chapter, the criminal nature of the economy of occupied Abkhazia is substantiated. Also, the chapter analyzes the mechanisms/levers of economic pressure management in the Russian-occupied territory and its negative consequences for the population living in the area.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

scholarly journals The analysis of un activities in resolving the issue of Kosovo and Metohija

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusko Dimitrijevic ◽  
Ivona Ladjevac ◽  
Mihajlo Vucic
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Unilateral Declaration ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
United Nations System

After the Security Council had established the international administration in Kosovo on grounds of the Resolution no. 1244 of 10 June 1999 for the construction and reconstruction of the legal and economic systems, the support and protection of human rights, the provision of humanitarian and other assistance, it adopted the conclusion that the achievement of a political settlement for the southern Serbian province would primarily depend on the development and consolidation of peace and security. Accordingly, in May 2001, the international administration adopted the Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self- Government in Kosovo, which defined the status of the Serbian southern province as a whole and indivisible territorial entity under the interim international administration. The Constitutional Framework is regulated as a substantial transfer of state responsibilities by the peoples of Kosovo and Metohija to the provisional institutions of self-government and it should ?enjoy substantial autonomy within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?. This institutional development is aimed at establishing constructive cooperation among various ethnic communities in order to build a common democratic state. Since this solution is not quite legally balanced, it could not go without any negative consequences in terms of national sovereignty. The suspension of sovereignty of the Republic of Serbia in Kosovo and Metohija has eventually contributed to creating of the conditions for the socalled unilateral declaration of independence of the Republic of Kosovo. The analysis of the activities undertaken in the field of resolving the status issue after the unilateral declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 suggests that the solution for the Kosovo and Metohija should be primarily sought within the United Nations system.

scholarly journals THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES 15 YEARS AFTER THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA JOINED NATO

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREJ OSTERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rational Solution ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
Military Exercises ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Smart Defence ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The Republic of Slovenia has been a NATO member for 15 years. Its NATO membership has significantly contributed to the quality development of the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF), which has made a contribution to international security by taking part in international operations and missions. Before and after joining NATO, the SAF has adapted and transformed in view of the newly created settings and security challenges in a way to respond to them effectively. It has participated in and organized multinational military exercises, and has been operating within NATO representations, commands and units. NATO's deterrence posture strengthens the Alliance and requires an effective response to new sources of threat. The security environment is changing rapidly with hybrid and cyber threats becoming increasingly dangerous. NATO's long-term adaptation process requires members to respond to all potential sources of threat with a 360-degree approach. The Republic of Slovenia is also actively involved in the Smart Defence project, the Connected Forces Initiative and the Framework Nations Concept. The years-long decline in the defence budget has been reversed, which can, in the upcoming years, have a positive impact on the development of military capabilities for national needs and for the needs of the Alliance. For the Republic of Slovenia, NATO membership is still the most effective and rational solution to ensure its national security; however, the nation should lend solidarity by taking its share of the burden. Key words NATO, Slovenian Armed Forces, military capabilities, deterrence posture, adaptation.

scholarly journals Deportation Everyday Life: sources and materials (in case of East Kazakhstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
B.Zh. Atantayeva ◽  
◽  
T.A. Kamaljanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Central State ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right

Based on the studied documentary sources of the Central State Archives and the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty), regional archives of the East Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semey, Ayaguz), where is a whole layer of documents on the topic under consideration, an objective picture of everyday life peoples deported to the territory of the East Kazakhstan: Germans, Chechens, Ingush, etc. are recreated. In the late 1930s, the deported peoples were sent to remote areas for special settlements (hence the name «special settlers», «special settlers»). Kazakhstan was also included among such territories. Whole peoples forcibly evicted from their homes formally retained the status of full-fledged Soviet citizens but were deprived of the right of movement and free choice of residence.The documents contained in the archives make it possible to reveal various aspects of the topic under consideration, showing the daily life of the special settlers: the difficulties and problems they encountered during resettlement and placement in a new place. The systematization of the identified sources made it possible to determine the number and resettlement of the special settlers, their household and labor structure. Analysis of the documents showed that the placement of the special settlers in the new place was difficult, which led to negative social and demographic consequences. The situation of the deported peoples, despite the measures taken for the household and labor arrangement, was difficult. The deportation of peoples led to irreparable damage to the material and spiritual culture of ethnic groups, doomed people to a low social status and standard of living. However, thanks to the support of the local population, people were able not only to survive, but also by adapting to new conditions, to contribute to the economic development of the region at this difficult time. The article provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the sources of the regional archive, which made it possible to solve the tasks, set in the work and draw appropriate conclusions based on the analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of internet content on tourists decision to visit a cultural tourism destination

Bizinfo Blace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sandra Dramićanin ◽  
Branislav Sančanin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Information Efficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Sector

Culture is an important element of a destination tourist product, and tourism is an apparatus for meeting the various cultural needs of tourists. The relationship between culture and tourism contributes to the support of the cultural sector, innovation, creativity, the image of the destination and the social connection between tourists and the local population. Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine the functioning of tourism without the Internet. Presenting the cultural offer of the destination via the Internet is a great challenge and requires exceptional commitment. The subject of research of this paper is the influence of Internet content on the decision of the tourists about the destination of cultural tourism they will choose. The aim of the research is to influence the internet content on tourists related to the cultural tourism of the destination and the possibility of attracting tourists to visit the destination based on the reviewed Internet content. The research involved 165 respondents who visited one of the cultural tourism destinations from the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research show that a higher level of quality of Internet content has a positive effect on tourists choosing a certain cultural tourism destination for travel and that Internet content in terms of information efficiency, interactivity and practicality has a significant positive impact on tourists' intentions to visit cultural tourism destination.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Mental States of Learners Working with Didactic VR Programs Using Virtual Reality Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
V.G. Anikina ◽  
E.G. Khoze ◽  
I.V. Strizhova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Activation Parameter ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents the results of studying the mental states of adolescent students involved in the work using didactic VR programs implemented using VR technologies of different levels, demonstrated using different technical means (stationary PC, VIVE helmet), causing immersive experience of different quality. Before and after work, the participants were controlled: activation, excitement, tone, well-being; mood, asthenia, euphoria; the severity of the presence effect. As a result, it was shown that the participants who were involved in the work with the help of a PC experienced a decrease in indicators at the level of reliable statistical significance for the activation parameter. When working with VIVE helmets, reliable increases are shown in terms of activation, arousal, tone, well-being, asthenic state and euphoria. In general, we can talk about the intensive and positive impact of didactic VR programs broadcast with the help of higher level VR technologies on the mental states of students, which can become a source of formation of their stable and productive educational and cognitive motivation.

Exploring Singing Vocal Pedagogy in the Greek Elementary School through Interactive Technologies

2016 ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
Sofia Stavropoulou ◽  
Anastasia Georgaki
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vocal Pedagogy ◽  
Interactive Technologies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health And Well Being

A growing body of interdisciplinary research suggests that children's structured engagement in musical activities may have a positive impact on social inclusion by means of offering opportunities for social bonding, developing interpersonal relationships and empowering self-expression, health and well-being. In this paper we investigate the amelioration of children's voice accuracy and quality in signing through a visual feedback software. The research took place in two public elementary schools in Athens in a total of sixty children aged 6-9 years old and with a different cultural background. The statistical analysis on the effectiveness of the software has proved the amelioration of the children's voice quality before and after its use.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-58
Author(s):  
Philip Kreager ◽  
Vénique Petit ◽  
Kaveri Qureshi ◽  
Yves Charbit
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Principal Parts ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Health And Well Being

Anthropological demography in recent decades has expanded beyond a focus on fertility regulation shared initially with demography, taking on a much wider range of health issues, and locating them in the context of inequalities that have frequently given rise to major differentials of health and well-being. Key problems involve collaborative research with genetics, epidemiology, gerontology, clinical practice, linguistics, social and medical history, and also with historical and contemporary demography. This work prioritizes bottom-up inquiry, in which ethnography is combined with quantitative and historical methods. The approach provides more than substantive knowledge of the role of cultural and social formations in health variation; it enables examination of how local institutions and experience are translated into the demographic and health measures on which survey and clinical programmes rely. We are then in a position to consider the empirical adequacy of such translation, what happens when models and measures become standardized evaluations of health statuses, and what this implies for governance. The five principal parts of the book chart components of the current agenda, drawing on recent conceptual and methodological advances, with each section providing detailed case studies. Main themes include: the historical background to demographic governance and its continuing influence on health interventions in the global South; demographic translation—the analysis of whether conventional research and administrative instruments render people’s health experience accurately; compositional demography—the identification of local population units and structures that track people’s agency in health-seeking behaviour; and the reconceptualization of reproductive and related risks that this approach enables.

Comparison of Northern Irish Children’s Attitudes to War and Peace Before and After the Paramilitary Ceasefires

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances McLernon ◽  
Neil Ferguson ◽  
Ed Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Young People ◽  
General View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Leaders

This study compares the attitudes of young people in Northern Ireland to conflict and conflict resolution, before and after the 1994 ceasefire announcements. Content analysis on the responses of 117 adolescents aged 14-15 years showed differences in their attitudes to war and peace and in their strategies to attain peace. Concepts of war as static and unchanging showed a significant difference after the ceasefire. In addition, the perception of war as a struggle between national leaders before the ceasefire shifted significantly to a more general view of war in terms of war activities and their negative consequences. Perceptions of peace as “active” showed a marked swing after the ceasefire to a more abstract view of peace as freedom, justice, and liberty after the ceasefire. Before the ceasefire, adolescents were reluctant to provide strategies to attain peace, but after the ceasefire, strategies were suggested with more confidence. Results also indicated that adolescents prefer an alternative to violence in the resolution of conflict. Although the proportion of adolescents who said the country was at peace did not change significantly after the ceasefire, the percentage who expressed ambivalent feelings about the status of Northern Ireland in terms of peace increased significantly. This suggests that, at the time of this study, many young people had not fully accepted the reality of the peace process.

scholarly journals Calculation and internal validation of a new synthetic and autocorrelate index to combine the determinants of health of a population

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Tebala ◽  
Giovanni Domenico Tebala
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The status of health of an individual and - more broadly - of a community or population is defined by the status of their determinants of health. A “systemic” approach to define the health determinants is necessary in order to explore the complex relations existing among them. This study is aimed at identifying a ‘composite systemic’ index of health to measure the impact of socioeconomic factors on public health at local level and to analyze possible spatial autocorrelations between neighboring regions. Results A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was constructed on the basis of known indicators of socio-economic well-being by using the COMIC (COMposite Indices Creator) Software and was validated on the Italian population and a nationwide comparison has been performed. Analysis of the determinants showed a significant direct correlation between health, environment, work and wealth and inverse correlation between health and social distress. The analysis of data from Italian provinces confirmed the South-North gradient of well-being. Conclusion The CIH is a reliable and robust index to evaluate the health of a local population. Although it was validated on Italian data, the index can be easily adapted to any Country.

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