scholarly journals The Advent of Islam in Bengal; An Economic Perspective

IIUC Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Md Thowhidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Perspective ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Commercial Relation ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Coastal Lands

This article aims at examining the causes to the advent of Islam in Bengal with a view to identify the economic perspectives in particular. Islam took about six hundred years for its advent into Bengal with political conquest by Bakhtiyar Khalji in the early 13th century, while it had come to Arabia at the beginning of the 7th century. But long before the conquest of Bengal by Bakhtiyar Khalji, the Arab traders had established commercial relation with the coastal lands of Bengal. Islam began to enter into Bengal with the hands of these early Arab Muslim traders. With the beginning of this early advent, Islam started to enter into Bengal through both the sea and land routes on different circumstances. Though there were many other reasons and grounds for the advent of Islam in Bengal, but the economic perspectives were the foremost and forerunner of the causes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v7i0.12262 IIUC Studies Vol.7 2011: 91-106

scholarly journals Right to be a Surrogate: Biological, Constitutional and Economic Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Meghna Borah ◽  
Arup Kumar Hazarika ◽  
Unmilan Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The Right

For the survival of all forms of life, procreation is essential. However, natural procreation is not always scientifically possible. As such, the practice of surrogacy and the use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques have become more widely recognised and accepted in societies all over the world. However, various complex and controversial issues are bounded in such practices. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 introduced by Government of India makes an attempt to eradicate some of those issues associated with surrogacy. Nevertheless, the legislation seems to be in derogation to the Constitution of India and universal human rights. This study is designed to substantiate in detail the right to be a surrogate in light of the constitutional mandate along with an evaluation of the eligibility criteria to be a surrogate and its consequences with regard to the existing legal framework. Besides, the economic perspective of exploitation of surrogates via banning of commercial surrogacy has been briefly discussed. The discussion under this study is expected to put forward an essential perspective to the right to be a surrogate in relation to a woman’s right to life and personal liberty. Further, prohibiting commercial surrogacy may push practicing surrogates towards other economically unrewarding, poorly regulated and potentially hazardous forms of employment or even make them subject to human trafficking. Therefore, recognition of the right to be a surrogate vis-à-vis the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019, would help in avoiding blatant miscarriage of universal justice while upholding the supremacy of the Constitution of India.

scholarly journals Silver spoons and black mobility: The white South African economic elite and its implications for the upward mobility of blacks

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Human ◽  
Linda Human
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Black People ◽  
Western World ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Using Data

Implicit in any discussion of the concentration of economic power is the assumption that the South African economy is dominated by a coherent and cohesive white economic elite. Two separate but complementary perspectives can be used to explain this phenomenon. The classical social mobility perspective argues that elites in the western world have tended to reproduce themselves. By a process of 'social closure' which involves the use of two main exclusionary devices - property and credentials - groups attempt to optimize their own rewards by restricting access to resources and opportunities to 'insiders'. The related economic argument suggests that higher profit is achieved through a hegemonic kind of social organization which is sufficiently stable to facilitate the exchange of information and expertise between corporations, thus decreasing risk. The sociological and economic perspectives are analysed using data pertaining to South Africa's business elite. It is found that the sociological perspective is valid but that the economic perspective does not hold ground. The implications of exclusionary closure by the white business elite for both black mobility and the transfer of capital to black people are discussed.

scholarly journals The Infancy and Development of Hadith in Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4537-4541
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

This article discusses process of beginnings and development of the Hadith study in Central Asia in the Early Islamic period. The first transmitters of hadith in Mawarannahr were the Arabs who participated in the wars of invasion. Among the first narrators of hadith (isnad) in Central Asia, were eyewitnesses the Prophet's life, called as’habs or companions of the Prophet. The second link in the chain of narrators of hadith was represented by at-tabi'in, i.e. followers of the Prophet's companions, who communicated hadith from the words of as’hab. In Mawarannahr, the followers were represented mostly by the ‘Arabs that settled in Marw and settlements in its environs in the second half of the 7th century. The next link in the chain of narrators of hadith is the tubba' at-tabi'in, the apprentice of a follower of the companions of Muhammad the Prophet, many of whom lived in Marw and its environs in the 8th century. Though at the beginning of the 8th century it was mainly the ‘Arabs and their Iranian mawali (pl. of mawla) who narrated hadith, by the mid-8th century this science had already been adopted by representatives of the Central Asian peoples. In subsequent centuries, the study of hadith was widespread in Central Asia and it became one of the leading centers of development of ‘Arab-Muslim scholarship and culture. Besides Marw and the other towns of Khurasan, the most important centers of hadith study in the region were Samarqand, Bukhara, Termiz, Nasaf, Kesh, Khwarizm, and Shash. The development of the science of hadith criticism gave impulse to another branch of science—the historical-biographical one. In the 9th century the first collections containing biographies of famous narrators of hadith were compiled. This practice fasted until the late Middle Ages. Written sources give us the biographies of 3,000 transmitters of hadith that lived in different Central Asian cities before the beginning of the 13th century.

“Bank titil” : The Benefits and How It is in Islamic Economic Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Happy Sista Devy ◽  
Rizky Amalia ◽  
Annisa Qurrota A'yun
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

The purpose of this research is to find how the superiority of the mobile bank or bank titil in the community and how it is viewed from an Islamic economic perspective. This research is a field research conducted using a qualitative approach. The snowball sampling technique was used to obtain the informants who use the services of a bank titil. Data from the key informants are then analyzed using three steps that occur simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation (display), and drawing conclusions/verification. The result of this research is that superiority of a mobile bank or bank titil in the community is related to the convenience in transaction provided by a mobile bank or bank titil. First, it is simple requirements. The second is fast disbursement. Third, there is no collateral or guarantee must be given to the titil bank as an official bank institutions are required. However, with the facilities provided by a mobile bank or bank titil, its practice basically contains harms which makes residents remain in a circle of poverty because of their dependence on the services of the mobile bank or bank titil.

scholarly journals Economic Perspective, Cultural Perspectives, and Sharia Perspective in Revenue Sharing For Village Economic Empowerment (Case Study on Gaduh Culture in East Java)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Moch. Khoirul Anwar ◽  
Hariyati Hariyati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The Cost

<p>Theoretically, revenue is one of local wisdom community empowerment models which is effective nowadays. This model is based on potential and social fabric conditions of the local community. The study aims to analyze the influence of the economic perspectives, cultural perspective and sharia perspective on revenue of society’s income in East Java.</p><p><br />This study uses a mixed methods study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The population and samples are the society in Blitar, Jombang, and Madiun. The result of the qualitative analysis showed that there are three (3) models of implementasion in cow-calf lease agreement (gaduh) and share farming (paron) system. The first model implements profit sharing system by taking maintenance cost into account. The second model implements sharing system as well but it takes farming workers in the deficit of profit cost into account. The revenue that is based on profit sharing is still in 50:50. While the third model uses revenue sharing system without taking administration and workers cost as the cost component. However, the revenue proportion becomes 75:25. Those models are reviewed from shariah perspective, economic perspective and cultural perspective. From quantitative analysis showed that economic perspective has bigger influence.</p><p><br />Keywords: Economic Perspectives, Mixed Method, Profit Sharing, Revenue, Shariah Perspective</p>

scholarly journals Why Can We Make Anything from Lignin Except Money? Towards a Broader Economic Perspective in Lignin Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-308
Author(s):  
Julia Wenger ◽  
Verena Haas ◽  
Tobias Stern
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Made In

Abstract Purpose of Review As a major component of wood, lignin is regarded as a promising, bio-based compound which could strongly influence the forest-based circular bioeconomy. Much research has been conducted on the material use of lignin, but the lignin commercialization process is still under development; few commercial production facilities and larger-scale applications are available. Therefore, we present a review of recent research papers on the economic perspectives on lignin. Recent Findings Research has been conducted on lignin application areas such as lignin-derived polymeric materials, polymer and composite systems, applications for microsized and nanosized lignin, energy storage, and renewable chemicals. On the whole, the life cycle assessment results indicate that lignin-based innovations can be environmentally beneficial. Techno-economic studies identified the lignin feedstock cost and the achievable product price as the most sensitive factors. Recently, researchers pointed out information asymmetries between different stakeholder groups concerning lignin-containing products. Summary Although most of the relevant papers presented a technical perspective of lignin, a smaller set of general economic statements about lignin appear in these papers. These statements refer to lignin underutilization, limited markets, resource abundancy, and barriers to utilization. The literature on technical lignin with an economic perspective can be divided into two different streams: several techno-economic papers and fewer socio-economic papers. The former placed a primary focus on production processes from a profit maximization perspective, but attempts were also made in the latter to explain the socio-technical innovation system. To date, lignin researchers have focused mainly on internal (direct) factors but have not yet sufficiently considered external (indirect) factors.

scholarly journals The commodification of economic perspectives in Islamic Religious Education Studies on social media

INFORMASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Heri Fathurahman ◽  
Umasih Umasih ◽  
Gumgum Gumelar ◽  
Andy Hadiyanto ◽  
Assyifa Amelia Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Economic Perspectives

Economic empowerment in Indonesia is quite dynamically developing, this is also not free from the study of Islamic religious education on Islamic economics. Apart from this, researchers also used YouTube social media for review in this study. The formulation of the research problem is how to commodify an economic perspective in the study of Islamic religious education on social media. This study aims to analyze the commodification of economic perspectives in the study of Islamic religious education on social media. Researchers use a quantitative approach with a survey method where data will be taken from a predetermined population and sample and then a questionnaire to the respondent. The results of this study indicate that the commodification of YouTube content about the economy packaged in Islamic Religious Education affects the attitudes of YouTube users who watch the content. This is evidenced by conducting a regression test with the results that all ha received and accepted are declared good. In addition, economic empowerment in the perspective of Islamic religious education can also increase community economic empowerment and support the economic activities of the Indonesian people.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Village Development from Islamic Economic Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nisa Mutiara ◽  
Djoko Mursinto ◽  
Zainuddin Maliki
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Village

The implementation of the Law No. 6 of 2014 and the Village Fund in 2015 was able to encourage community participation in the entire development process starting from planning, implementation, supervision and utilization. This study aimes to analyze community participation in Megaluh Village by using an Islamic perspective. This study applied a case study approach to community participation and a literature review to determine community participation after the implementation of the Village Law from an Islamic economic perspective which are called maqhasid sharia. In general, Megaluh villages have shown active community participation in village development, but they still need to carry out long-term planning to ensure prosperity and this has not been observed during the study.

scholarly journals RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BASHKIRS AND THE VOLGA BULGARS IN THE 10TH–13TH CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Salavat I. Khamidullin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Written Sources

The article examines the history of relations between the Bashkirs and the Volga Bulgars based on written sources (Arab-Muslim, Mongolian and Western European) and archaeological data. The study analyzes the earliest historical information preserved in the geographical tradition of al-Balkhi, represented by such authors of the 10th century as al-Istakhri and Ibn Haukal, as well as in the work of the 12th century geographer al-Idrisi. Special attention is paid to the problem of political affiliation of the Сhiyalik culture tribes, which, according to most scientists, were of Ugric origin. On this basis, they are figuratively called “Eastern Hungarians” in historical literature. The article concludes that the majority of Сhiyalik tribes were a part of the Bashkir polity already in the 10th century. At least, the 13th century Western European authors (Rubruck, Plano Carpini) equated Bashkiria with “Great Hungary” (Magna Hungaria). However, some of Сhiyalik tribes recognized the suzerainty of the Volga Bulgars. These, apparently, should include the Bashkir tribe Bulyar, which corresponds to the “land of Bular”, mentioned in the Hungarian chronicle “Gesta Hungarorum” and by al-Gharnati (12th century) as a part of Volga Bulgaria. With the beginning of the Mongol invasion in the Ural-Volga region, the Bashkirs accepted the Chingissids’ offer of an alliance, after which they participated in the conquest of Volga Bulgaria and in campaigns on the territory of other Eastern European countries.

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