scholarly journals A Review on Indian Sago Starch And Its Pharmacuetical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranu Yadav ◽  
Garima Garg
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Commercial Applications

Indian sago starch extracted from Tapioca roots finds its application not only as a food but also numerous commercial applications. In the present review we are discussing concisely the extraction, physiochemical properties, chemical modifications and pharmaceutical applications of Indian sago starch. The sago starch is a cheap, easily available, biodegradable and a versatile polymer. Starch has always been an important excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It is conventionally used as a binder, disintegrant, diluent, granulating agent. It is also a starting material for many other chemicals like ethanol, glucose and cyclodextrin. Several modifications were attempted on native starch to improve and modulate its physiochemical properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15456 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 99-106

scholarly journals Applications of Radiolabelled Curcumin and Its Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7410
Author(s):  
Matteo Mari ◽  
Debora Carrozza ◽  
Erika Ferrari ◽  
Mattia Asti
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Gallium 68

Curcumin is a natural occurring molecule that has aroused much interest among researchers over the years due to its pleiotropic set of biological properties. In the nuclear medicine field, radiolabelled curcumin and curcumin derivatives have been studied as potential radiotracers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. In the present review, the synthetic pathways, labelling methods and the preclinical investigations involving these radioactive compounds are treated. The studies entailed chemical modifications for enhancing curcumin stability, as well as its functionalisation for the labelling with several radiohalogens or metal radionuclides (fluorine-18, technetium-99m, gallium-68, etc.). Although some drawbacks have yet to be addressed, and none of the radiolabelled curcuminoids have so far achieved clinical application, the studies performed hitherto provide useful insights and lay the foundation for further developments.

scholarly journals Cyclodextrin Multicomponent Complexes: Pharmaceutical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Virginia Aiassa ◽  
Claudia Garnero ◽  
Marcela R. Longhi ◽  
Ariana Zoppi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Auxiliary Substance ◽  
Acids And Bases

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally available water-soluble cyclic oligosaccharides widely used as carriers in the pharmaceutical industry for their ability to modulate several properties of drugs through the formation of drug–CD complexes. The addition of an auxiliary substance when forming multicomponent complexes is an adequate strategy to enhance complexation efficiency and to facilitate the therapeutic applicability of different drugs. This review discusses multicomponent complexation using amino acids; organic acids and bases; and water-soluble polymers as auxiliary excipients. Special attention is given to improved properties by including information on the solubility, dissolution, permeation, stability and bioavailability of several relevant drugs. In addition, the use of multicomponent CD complexes to enhance therapeutic drug effects is summarized.

scholarly journals A Review of Surface Engineering of Graphene for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Ijeomah ◽  
Fahmi Samsuri ◽  
Mohamad Adzhar Md Zawawi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Commercial Applications

The outstanding properties of graphene arising from its monoatomic thickness, highly conjugated and twin-dimensionality merit attention for plethora of scientific and commercial applications. In this present review, the functionalization of surface chemistry of graphene is investigated to isolate its advantages over non-engineered materials for sensor research and related chemical and electrochemical sensing applications. The review also discuss new perspectives in the employment of these nano-engineered materials in chemical sensing and biosensing applications.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Sifat Fisiko-Kimia dan Fungsional Pati Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre) Dimodifikasi dengan Hidrolisis Asam

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Febby Jeanry Polnaya ◽  
Alfredo Andelson Huwae ◽  
Gilian Tetelepta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to characterize modified Ihur sago starch as affected by treatment of acid hydrolysis. A completely randomized experimental non-factorial design was used in this research with four levels of treatments, i.e. native ihur sago starch, HCl concentrations of 1.1 N, 2.2 N, or 3.3 N, subsequently. Physical properties such as color, swelling power, solubility, and paste clarity were measured in this research. Moisture, ash, and amylose content were determined as chemical properties, while the resistant starch (RS) content was determined for its functional properties. Results showed that starch treated with acid hydrolysis caused changes to physical properties in comparison with native starch. These included higher (80.93–81.89) degree of whiteness (L*) than native starch (80.29), lower redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) than native (8.26 and 18.24) having the value of 5.13–6.34, and 13.21–15.39, respectively. Acid hydrolysis not only caused a decrease in swelling power (43.88–50.56%), but also an increase in solubility (8.92–12.34%) and paste clarity (74.70–77.73% T) compared to native starch. Higher moisture and ash content having the value of 8.72–15.01% and 0.22–0.37%, correspondingly but lower amylose (18.29–27.22%) and RS content were obtained by acid hydrolysis starch in contrast to native starch. The modified starch has improved heat stability with smaller breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity less than native starch, and is easily to gelatinize. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakteristik pati sagu ihur alami (PSIA) yang dimodifikasi dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap non-faktorial dengan empat taraf perlakuan yaitu PSIA, hidrolisis asam (PSIHA) menggunakan HCl 1,1 N, 2,2 N, atau 3,3 N. Parameter yang diukur meliputi karakteristik fisik antara lain warna, kemampuan menggelembung, daya larut, kejernihan pasta, dan sifat amilografi. Karakteristik kimia meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, dan amilosa sedangkan karakteristik fungsional yaitu kadar pati resistan (RS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan hidrolisis asam menyebabkan perubahan terhadap sifat fisik warna pati dimana nilai kecerahan (L*) pati hidrolisis asam (80,93–81,89) lebih tinggi dibandingkan PSIA (80,29). Sebaliknya nilai kemerahan (a*) dan kekuningan (b*) PSIHA (5,13–6,34 dan 13,21–15,39) lebih rendah dibandingkan PSIA (8,62 dan 18,24). Perlakuan asam juga menyebabkan kemampuan menggelembung PSIHA (43,88–50,65%) mengalami penurunan dibandingkan PSIA, tetapi meningkatkan daya larut (8,92–12,34%) dan kejernihan pasta (74,70–77,73% T). Untuk sifat kimia, kadar air pati sagu hidrolisis asam (8,72–15,01%) dan kadar abu (0,22–0,37%) relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pati alaminya, namun perlakuan asam menurunkan kadar amilosa (18,29–27,22%) dan kadar RS (0,06–0,37%). PSIHA memiliki kestabilan yang lebih baik selama pemanasan dengan breakdown viscosity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan PSIA, serta kecenderungan teretrogradasi lebih rendah, yaitu ditunjukkan nilai setback viscosity yang rendah, dan lebih mudah mengalami gelatinisasi.

scholarly journals Properties of Carboxymethylated-Cassava and Sago Starches Prepared by using Sodium Monochloroacetate

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
E. Ruriani ◽  
N. Salim ◽  
D. Mangunwidjaja ◽  
N. Richana ◽  
T.C. Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Ftir Spectrum ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Carboxymethyl Starch ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Glucose Unit ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Sources

In the present study, carboxymethyl starch (CMC) were produced from different sources of starch and their physico-chemical properties were evaluated. Carboxymethylation was performed using different concentrations of sodium monochloroacetate (1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 mol/mol of anhydrous glucose units) in a three-necked round-bottom flask (250 mL) for approximately 3 h (250 rpm and 40°C) in a two-stage reaction comprising alkalization and etherification. The introduction of carboxymethyl groups was confirmed in the results by the appearance of a new peak in the FTIR spectrum in 1650.10-1649.76 cm-1 region. In addition, degree of substitution (DS) of produced CMS was ranged from 0.53-0.60. An increase in the concentration of sodium monochloroacetate (1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 mol/mol of anhydrous glucose unit) resulted in greater paste clarity, higher solubility and greater swelling than native starch. Furthermore, cassava starch (tapioca) produced a CMS exhibited greater swelling than sago starch, however by contrast, CMS-sago was more soluble and clearer than CMS-cassava.

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Gelatins Prepared from Different Fish Skins through Hot Water Extraction at Mild Temperature Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Cheng Chu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Mild Temperature

Gelatins were prepared from tilapia, salmon and halibut skin through hot water extraction (60°C, 180 min) and their physiochemical properties were compared with commercial gelatins from porcine and bovine sources. Tilapia gelatin contained highest hydroxyproline content (8.45%) and had highest gel strength (376.6 g), followed by salmon gelatin. Halibut gelatin had the lowest hydroxyproline content (24.72% in average) and gel strength (47.56 g in average). Gelatin prepared from tilapia had much higher gel strength and viscosity than commercial pharmaceutical gelatins of porcine and bovine sources and showed a great potential to be utilized in pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Sago Ozone Oxidation: The Effect of Reaction Time, Acidity, and Concentration of Starch

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Isti Pudjihastuti ◽  
Arvin M. Yafiz ◽  
Megaria Rachmasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Spectral Patterns

The disadvantageous properties of sago starch has limited its application in food and industrial processes. The properties of sago starch can be improved by changing its physicochemical and rheological characteristics. This study examined the influence of reaction time, acidity, and starch concentration on the oxidation of sago starch with ozone, a strong oxidant. Swelling, solubility, carbonyl, carboxyl, granule morphology, thermal profile, and functional groups are comprehensively observed parameters. With starch concentrations of 10–30% (v/w) and more prolonged oxidation, sago starch was most soluble at pH 10. The swelling power decreased with a longer reaction time, reaching the lowest pH 10. In contrast, the carbonyl and carboxyl content exhibited the same pattern as solubility. A more alkaline environment tended to create modified starch with more favorable properties. Over time, oxidation shows more significant characteristics, indicating a superb product of this reaction. At the starch concentration of 20%, modified sago starch with the most favorable properties was created. When compared to modified starch, native starch is generally shaped in a more oval and irregular manner. Additionally, native starch and modified starch had similar spectral patterns and identical X-ray diffraction patterns. Meanwhile, oxidized starch had different gelatinization and retrogradation temperatures to those of the native starch.

scholarly journals V.R. POTTER’S GLOBAL BIOETHICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIEGO CARLOS ZANELLA ◽  
ANOR SGANZERLA ◽  
LEOCIR PESSINI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Global Bioethics ◽  
Van Rensselaer Potter ◽  
Ecological Dimension

Abstract Many discussions related to health, life sciences and biotechnology have led some authors to refer to global bioethics. The present review, however, intends to analyze the concept of global bioethics in the work of the same title by Van Rensselaer Potter. Bioethics was born in the United States and there developed a conception that reduced it to a vision of biomedical ethics. In response to this reductionism, the father of bioethics, V. R. Potter, has taken up its original conception and extended it to a global bioethics, a broader view that encompasses the ecological dimension of life of all living beings at the same time as it treats and relates to the issues of biomedical ethics.

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