Analysis of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) Sustainability Status in Bantaeng District

Cocoa cultivation business that still has great potential in the future. The problem faced by farmers in cocoa cultivation is that farmers are still lacking in implementing post-harvest management that can provide added value and competitiveness of cocoa quality in the market. This study aimed to 1) analyze the status of cocoa sustainability in Gantarangkeke sub-regency, Bantaeng Regency; 2) analysing the sensitive leverage to the sustainability of cocoa in the Gantarangkeke sub-district. Based on the results of the analysis of the social and cultural dimension index value of 55.19 percent and infrastructure and technology of 51.66 with the category of quite sustainable. While the ecological dimension is 46.68 percent, economy 36.69 percent and legal and institutional 27.45 percent with the category of less sustainable. The results of the analysis of leverage factor, there are fourteen sensitive attributes that affect the sustainability of cocoa in Gantarangkeke sub-district, Bantaeng district. Improvement of attributes, especially sensitive attributes, can improve the cocoa sustainability index.

Reinforced masonry practical booklet

The main work explains the elaboration process of a didactic booklet that details the constructive method of reinforced masonry, final product of an investigation developed by the department of Architecture and Urbanism at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), entitled “Alvenaria Cerâmica Armada: uma cartilha prática”[1], at 2020. This article presents a discussion concerning urban sustainability, here understood not from it ecological dimension only, but also from it’s social and cultural. The post-modern Productivism from the 70’s decades impulses an architectural production which impacts the landscape and life quality of city’s population, presenting a homogenization in what concerns architecture. Contrasting this universalized architectural movement, some notably Latin-American architectural offices, using materials and local techniques, started to answer the local demands (and international) under the sustainable directive, intending to use low cost and using resources and rejects from local site to build. Based on the practical experience at one of these offices, the Paraguayan office Gabinete de Arquitectura, it was possible to elaborate a guidebook synthesizing some precepts and building techniques in reinforced masonry, a method easily reached by the most popular layers of society. By this guidebook it is uncovered many possibilities for an architectural low cost production with both social and cultural commitments. [1] Reinforced Masonry Practical Booklet.

Social-Ecological Peace – A framework to analyze the transition from violence to peace in post-conflict areas, applied to Aceh, Indonesia

While the analysis of peace often stops with "negative peace" in conflict studies (Shields 2017), critical structural analyses of a transition towards peace risk to analytically emphasize how wartime structures extend into post-conflict times (see e.g. Lee 2020). In this article, by engaging with the two fields of conflict studies and political ecology, a framework is developed that allows a critical analysis of resilient structures and discourses from times of conflict, as well as of possible leverage points that could support a transition towards what is here conceptualized as "social ecological peace". The framework hence helps to understand in how far dimensions of prior violence have transformed into peace, and if certain dimensions of violence have continued, even though they manifest themselves in a different way. The framework builds on Galtung’s conceptualization of violence and peace, but realigns "cultural violence" with Pierre Bourdieu's "symbolic violence". Additionally, for extending the framework with an ecological dimension and historical dimension, the notion of 'slow violence' by Rob Nixon is introduced. Applying the framework to Aceh, Indonesia, shows how cultural peace allows individuals to narrate and act out of a new identity, and in this way, enables them to put into effect structures of a new era of positivesocial-ecological peace. At the same time, discourses that are inherited from wartime and transform into peace time structures risk to carry violence in them. It becomes important to lay open the structural effects of the very discourses that have supported Aceh’s autonomy, so that they may not further extend structural violence into peace times. This is likely to remain a challenge in a context that is described as still negotiating and struggling to enhance its autonomy (Setyowati 2020a).

Sustainability analysis of pelagic fisheries using purse seine at Ujong Serangga Fishing Port, Aceh, Indonesia

Analysis of the sustainability of pelagic fisheries using purse seine at the Ujong Serangga fishing port is an analysis to determine the level of fisheries sustainability by maintaining a balance between the level of exploitation and the level of utilization of fish resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the sustainability of pelagic fisheries and the most influential factors on the sustainability of pelagic fisheries. This study applied descriptive method with a survey technique. The analysis used is RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). The results of the RAPFISH analysis show that the ecological dimension is at a moderate level of sustainability, the economic dimension is at a less sustainable level, the social dimension is at a sustainable level, while the technological dimension is at a moderately sustainable level. Fishing catch that affect the sustainability of pelagic fisheries with purse seine are the ecological dimension by-catch. The economic dimension, assistance from the government with a score of 18.27 and attributes of working capital sources. The social dimension, fisherman’s education and the technological dimension, pre-sale management.

Multidimensional scaling approach to evaluate sustainability status of belawan watershed management

Sustainability is currently a global issue, population growth and damage to natural resources, and environmental quality issues. This study will evaluate the sustainability of Belawan watershed management to develop sustainable watershed management planning. Watershed sustainability evaluation uses the MDS approach with rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) program modification to 5 dimensions and 42 attributes. From the assessment, the sustainability status of the Belawan watershed for ecological, economic, social culture, institution and legal dimensions is less sustainable. In contrast,the level of technology dimension is not sustainable. With the scenario of moderate improvement obtained, the status of sustainability ecological dimension, economic dimension, social culture dimension, and institutions legal dimension are reasonably sustainable.In contrast,the technology dimension is less sustainable. For optimistic improvement scenarios, all dimensions are reasonably sustainable. Sustainable watershed management needs to be done in an integrated manner that covers all institutions and related stakeholders.

Analisis Status Keberlanjutan Sumber Mata Air Senjoyo pada Dimensi Ekologi dengan Metode RAP-WARES (Rapid Appraissal for Water Resources)

ABSTRAKFungsi sumber mata air Senjoyo sebagai kawasan lindung resapan air dan sekitar mata air perlu mendapat prioritas untuk menjamin keberlanjutan sumber mata air Senjoyo. Keberhasilan pengelolaan sumber mata air Senjoyo sebagai kawasan lindung resapan air dan sekitar mata air dapat ditunjukkan dengan status keberlanjutan pada dimensi ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan sumber mata air Senjoyo pada dimensi ekologi. Status keberlanjutan ditentukan berdasarkan indeks keberlanjutan yang dirumuskan melalui metode RAP-WARES (Rapid Appraissal for Water Resources). Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian survei dengan data primer dan sekunder yang dikonversi menjadi data kualitatif dalam bentuk skala likert sesuai atribut yang telah disusun. Hasil skoring data ke skala likert kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa indeks keberlanjutan Mata Air Senjoyo pada dimensi ekologi adalah sebesar 54.78 dan termasuk dalam kriteria cukup berkelanjutan. Model MDS yang dibangun menghasilkan nilai stress dan nilai R2 berturut-turut sebesar 14,12% dan 0,948. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan atribut yang digunakan dapat mengkaji dengan cukup baik status keberlanjutan kawasan mata air Senjoyo dalam dimensi ekologi. Selisih Indeks Monte Carlo dan Indeks MDS adalah sebesar 0.246 yang membuktikan bahwa kesalahan dalam proses pembuatan skor untuk setiap atribut cenderung kecil, variasi dalam pemberian skor untuk setiap atribut akibat perbedaan pendapat responden relatif kecil, proses analisis yang dilakukan berulang stabil dan kesalahan dalam pemasukan dan kehilangan data dapat dihindari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sensitivitas, terdapat dua atribut yang paling sensitif yaitu atribut perlindungan terhadap sungai dan mata air (perubahan RMS 3,50%), dan atribut aktvitas pariwisata (perubahan RMS 3,20%). Sehingga penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, pengelolaan yang dilakukan masih perlu disesuaikan dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan, terutama pada aspek perlindungan terhadap sungai dan mata air dan aktivitas pariwisata. Direkomendasikan untuk lebih mengembangkan pariwisata berbentuk ekowisata daripada pariwisata massal untuk menjamin keberlanjutan Sumber Mata Air Senjoyo. AbstractThe function of the Senjoyo springs as a water catchment protected area and around the springs needs to be prioritized to ensure the sustainability of the Senjoyo springs. The success of the of Senjoyo springs management as a water catchment protected area and around the springs can be shown by the sustainability status of the ecological dimension. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of the Senjoyo spring on the ecological dimension. Sustainability status is determined based on the sustainability index that was formulated using the RAP-WARES (Rapid Appraissal for Water Resources) method. This research is a survey research with primary and secondary data which is converted into qualitative data in the form of a Likert scale according to the attributes compiled. The results of scoring the data to a likert scale were then analyzed using the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) technique. The results of the analysis shown that the sustainability index of Senjoyo Springs on the ecological dimension is 54.78 and is included in the criteria for being quite sustainable. Stress values and R2 values of the MDS model that was built successively are 14.12% and 0.948. This value indicates that all of the attributes that used can properly assess the sustainability status of the Senjoyo spring on the ecological dimension. The difference between the Monte Carlo Index and the MDS Index is 0.246, which proves that the error in the scoring process for each attribute, the variation in presenting scores for each attribute, and the results of the respondent's disagreement are relatively small. Also, the analysis process that is repeated is stable and errors in data entry and loss can be avoided. Based on the sensitivity analysis, there are two most sensitive attributes, namely the attribute of protection against rivers and springs (change in RMS 3.50%), and attributes of tourism activities (change in RMS 3.20%). So, the conclusion of this study is the management that carrying out still needs to be adjusted to the principles of sustainable development, especially in the aspect of protecting rivers and springs and tourism activities. It is recommended to develop tourism in the form of ecotourism instead of mass tourism to ensure the sustainability of Senjoyo Springs.

Short Communication: Using ecological parameters to assess the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Askar H, Tahang H, Sutinah S, Fakhriyyah S, Bahar A, Tresnati J, Tuwo A. 2021. Short Communication: Using ecological parameters to assess the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3571-3577. Mangrove forest is an essential ecosystem that provides various ecosystem services. Among various land use management in mangrove areas, ecotourism is considered as a sustainable economic activity that can improve socio-economic benefits while conserving the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, ecotourism management must refer to sustainable development principles. This study aims to assess the sustainability status of mangrove forests in Idaman Mangrove Ecotourism in Balang Baru Village, Tarowang Sub-district, Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia using some parameters including the extent, density and diversity of mangrove vegetation, tidal height and animal biota that occurred in the mangroves. The study used line transect method and quadrat transect, and the data were analyzed using Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) method. The study indicated that the sustainability status of IME for the ecological dimension was in the entirely sustainable category with an ecological dimension value was 58.50. While the mangrove is currently managed sustainably, to go further, it requires all stakeholders' cooperation in improving the dimensions of sustainability, which had a low value, especially the mangrove trees thickness.

Ocio ambiental-ecológico compartido entre abuelos/as y nietos/as / / / \ \ \ Shared environmental-ecological leisure between grandparents and grandchildren

Resumen: Las vivencias de ocio compartidas entre abuelos y nietos desde una dimensión ambiental-ecológica pueden ser clave en el desarrollo humano, a nivel personal, familiar, social y sostenible, reforzando la cohesión familiar, el bienestar de ambas generaciones y el respeto y cuidado del medio ambiente. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo identificar las actividades de ocio ambiental-ecológico compartidas por abuelos y nietos, y su vinculación con variables relacionadas con aspectos temporales, espaciales, afectivos y motivacionales. Se llevaron a cabo dos grupos de discusión. En el primero participaron 8 nietos, de entre 6 y 12 años, 4 chicos y 4 chicas; en el segundo, 9 abuelos (5 varones y 4 mujeres) con nietos con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años. Se creó un sistema de categorías que fue validado a través de los índices Kappa de Cohen y Kappa de Fleiss. Los resultados reflejan la importante presencia de la dimensión ambiental-ecológica en las actividades compartidas entre abuelos y nietos, destacando experiencias de cuidado de animales, ordeño, labranza del campo, siembra y cuidado de verduras, hortalizas y frutales, así como elaboración de conservas. Estas vivencias nutren un co-aprendizaje intergeneracional en torno al respeto, compromiso y sensibilidad medioambiental fomentando un desarrollo sostenible. Palabras clave: ocio ambiental; abuelos/as; nietos/as; co-aprendizaje; desarrollo humano. Abstract: The leisure experiences shared between grandparents and grandchildren from an environmental-ecological dimension can be key in human development, at a personal, family, social and sustainable level, reinforcing family cohesion, the well-being of both generations and respect and care for the environment. The present research aims to identify the environmental-ecological leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren, and their link with variables related to temporal, spatial, affective and motivational aspects. Two focus groups were carried out. In the first one, 8 grandchildren between 6 and 12 years old, 4 boys and 4 girls participated; in the second one, 9 grandparents (5 boys and 4 girls) with grandchildren between 6 and 12 years old participated. A category system was created and validated through Cohen's Kappa and Fleiss' Kappa indexes. The results reflect the important presence of the environmental-ecological dimension in the activities shared between grandparents and grandchildren, highlighting experiences of caring for animals, milking, tilling the fields, planting and caring for vegetables and fruit trees, as well as making preserves. These experiences nurture intergenerational co-learning about respect, commitment and environmental awareness, promoting sustainable development. Key words: environmental leisure; grandparents; grandchildren; co-learning; human development; environmental leisure; grandparents; grandchildren; co-learning; human development.

Re-integrating ecology into integrated landscape approaches

Context Integrated landscape approaches (ILAs) that aim to balance conservation and development targets are increasingly promoted through science, policy, and the donor community. Advocates suggest that ILAs are viable implementing pathways for addressing global challenges such as biodiversity loss, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, we argue that recent advances in ILA research and discourse have tended to emphasize the social and governance dimensions, while overlooking ecological factors and inadequately considering potential trade-offs between the two fields. Objectives By raising the issue of inadequate integration of ecology in ILAs and providing some general design suggestions, we aim to support and incentivise better design and practice of ILAs, supplementing existing design principles. Methods In this perspective we draw on the recent literature and our collective experience to highlight the need, and the means, to re-integrate ecology into landscape approaches. Results We suggest that better incorporation of the ecological dimension requires the integration of two approaches: one focusing on conventional scientific studies of biodiversity and biophysical parameters; and the other focusing on the engagement of relevant stakeholders using various participatory methods. We provide some general guidelines for how these approaches can be incorporated within ILA design and implementation. Conclusion Re-integrating ecology into ILAs will not only improve ecological understanding (and related objectives, plans and monitoring), but will also generate insights into local and traditional knowledge, encourage transdisciplinary enquiry and reveal important conservation-development trade-offs and synergies.