scholarly journals Nutritional Status, Hypertension, Proteinuria and Glycosuria amongst the Women of Rural Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaila Ahmed ◽  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
Sonia Shirin ◽  
Nargis Parvin ◽  
Niru Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
Almost All

Methods and materials - A rural community was purposively selected in Sreepur thana of which four villages were selected randomly. The total population of all age groups was 14,165 and the eligible reproductive aged females were 3,820 based on age between 15 and 45 years. Sample size was estimated at 573 (15%) of the eligible participants depending on the availability of time and logistic support. The study design was to use a questionnaire related to age, education, family income, housing and sanitation. Height (ht), weight (wt) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Urine protein was estimated. Clinical examinations noted the presence of anemia, jaundice, edema, ring-worm, scabies, goiter, xerophthalmia and gum bleeding. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to determine their obesity or wasting. Results - Overall, 501 volunteered and the response rate was 87.4%. Of these participants, 30.3% were illiterate. Almost all of them had supply of tube-well water and 68% had sanitary latrines. Their mean (±SD) age was 30.2 (±2.9)y, wt was 46 (±8.5)kg, ht was 149 (±5)cm and BMI was 20.5 (±3.5). The poor women had significantly lower BMI than the rich [20.0 (2.93) vs. 21.2 (4.1), (p<0.05)]. Their mean (±SD) systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 116 (±17) and 73 (±12) mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, proteinuria and glycosuria were 16.6, 10.4 and 2.6%, respectively. The frequencies of proteinuria and ring-worm were significantly higher among the poor than among the rich social class (both cases p<0.05). Regarding nutritional deficiency, about half of the rural women (52%) had some form of signs relating to Vit-A deficiency and 65% had signs of Vit-B complex deficiency either in the form of glossitis or of angular stomatitis or both. Conclusions - Despite time and logistic constraint, the study revealed that most of the rural women had a poor nutritional status (80% had BMI<23.0). The prevalence of hypertension and glycosuria were also not negligible. Vitamin deficiency disorders (xerophthalmia), gum-bleeding, angular stomatitis were also very high among them. The study also revealed that the poor social class had a significantly lower BMI, higher proteinuria and higher skin problems than their rich counterparts. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(1): 21-24 Key Words: doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i1.2927

scholarly journals Undernutrition and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents: A Nutrition Paradox in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abu Sayeed ◽  
Mir Masudur Rhaman ◽  
Akhter Banu ◽  
Hajera Mahtab
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Rich

Many studies reported a high prevalence of undernutrition in the under-5 children in Bangladesh. But very few information are available about undernutrition and adiposity among school children and adolescents in Bangladesh. This study addressed the prevalence of undernutrition and obesity among school going children and adolescents. A total of 15 secondary schools were purposively selected from rural, suburban and urban areas. The teachers were detailed about the study protocol. Then the teachers volunteered to register the eligible (age 10 – 18y) students for the study. Each student’s parent was interviewed for family income. Height (ht), weight (wt), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (ht/wt in met. sq) for diagnosis of undernutrition (BMI <18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5 – 22.9) overweight (BMI 23.0 – 25.0) and obesity (BMI >25.0). A total of 2151 (m-1063, f-1088) students volunteered the study. Of them, the poor, middle and rich social classes were 25.4, 53.1 and 21.5%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obesity were 57.4%, 35.0%, 4.9% and 2.7%, respectively. For gender comparison, there has been no significant difference of BMI between boys and girls. By social class, the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the poor than in the rich (62.2% v. 43.6%) and obesity was higher in the rich than in the poor (6.1% v. 1.2%) [for both, p<0.001]. Logistic regression showed that the participants from urban (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03 – 2.22) and the rich (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24 – 3.33) social class had excess risk for obesity. The risk for undernutrition was found just reverse. Undernutrition was found most prevalent among the rural students and among the poor social class; whereas, prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be increasing with urbanization and increasing family income. Thus, the study showed a nutrition paradox – adiposity in the midst of many undernourished children and adolescents in Bangladesh. Further study may be undertaken in a large scale to establish diagnostic criteria for age specific nutrition assessment in Bangladesh. A prospective children cohort may help assessing the cut-offs for unhealthy sequels of undernutrition and adiposity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14710 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 1-8

Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor.

2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Paul K. Piff ◽  
Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton ◽  
Michelle L. Rheinschmidt ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

scholarly journals Collections for the poor: monetary charitable donations in Dutch towns, c. 1600–1800

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIËLLE TEEUWEN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTIn many localities in the Dutch Republic, charitable collections were the single largest source of income for relief institutions for the outdoor poor. This article takes into account both the role of the authorities organising collections and the role of the city-dwellers making charitable donations. It is demonstrated that people from almost all layers of urban society contributed to the collections. By means of thorough planning and exerting social pressure, religious and secular administrators of poor relief tried to maximise Dutch generosity. They presented making charitable donations as a duty of the rich as well as of the less well-off. In the Dutch Republic, not only the elites, but also the middling groups of society, who approximately constituted almost half of the urban population, were of vital importance in financing poor relief.

Sociodemographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Household Socioeconomic Status

SummaryThis study investigates the socio-demographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh. It is based on household socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–79 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Ownership of selected household items was considered in the analysis as an indicator of household socioeconomic status. Mortality was 62% higher during the famine period and 31% higher during the post-famine period compared to the non-famine period. The mortality of both the poor and the rich increased during the famine period, by 117% and 28% respectively compared to the non-famine period. The poor suffered significantly in all age groups except 5–14 years, while the rich suffered only for ages 65 and over. Poor males suffered more than poor females except for ages 65 and over, while rich females suffered more than rich males except for ages under 1 year.

scholarly journals Living Arrangement of Elderly in Haryana: A Case Study of District Rohtak

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Aruna Paarcha ◽  
Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

In the present paper, we have analyzed the living arrangement of elderly in district Rohtak, Haryana. We have interviewed 500 elderly of different age groups in 2012. The study found that elderly is cared as about 90 per cent elderly stay in joint families. Not a single respondent male was living alone whereas 0.5 percent females in rural areas and 2.5 per cent in urban areas are living alone. The poor elderly are more satisfied than the rich elderly.

scholarly journals Existing Nutritional Practices of Rural Women in Assam, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
Ingita Gohain ◽  
Juliana Sarmah ◽  
Dipak Nath
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Health and nutritional status of Indian women are worsening due to the prevailing culture and traditional practices in India. Indian women are generally vulnerable to poor nutrition, especially during pregnancy and lactation. It has been pointed out that the impact of nutritional status of the mother is more pervasive than the impact of other factors on birth weight. The study was carried out in the state of Assam (India) with 270 randomly selected rural women of 3 districts, viz., Tinsukia, Nagaon and Barpeta districts to find the existing practice of respondents on nutrition. Majority of the respondents (67.41%) belonged to ‘moderate’ category of practices regarding nutrition followed by 21.85 percent of respondents belonged to ‘poor category’ of practices in Assam. Majority of the respondents belonged to ‘moderate category’ of practice on nutrition, namely Barpeta (61.11%), Nagaon (63.33%) and Tinsukia (62.22%). It may be concluded that healthy lifestyle and high intake of nutritious food can provide good health throughout life to the humans. The poor nutrition and unawareness of health facilities during the childhood and reproductive age are the major factors responsible for the poor health status.

scholarly journals SOCIAL SATIRE ON HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL SEMIOTIC STUDY OF THE MOVIES ALANGKAH LUCUNYA (NEGERI INI) AND PARASITE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianeta Yulianeta ◽  
Rosmah Tami
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Rich

It is commonly believed that obtaining a higher education is one way to elevate people's social class. Two movies, the Indonesian film Alangkah Lucunya (Negeri Ini) ALNI (2010) and the Korean Parasite (PR) (2019), challenge this common belief. The two movies criticize higher education by conveying the message in satire. To unveil the meaning of the two movies' social satires, this study used Roland Barthes's structural semiotic analysis on five primary codes to explore the codes that regulate the structure of the narrative of the text (film) to find similarities and differences of their focus of criticism regarding higher education. The use of satiric form to contrast and juxtapose the rich and the poor, and the educated and uneducated shows that both Alangkah Lucunya (Negeri Ini)  and Parasite uncover the influence of neoliberalism in the formal educational system that gives an impact to both lower and higher class, either in developed countries or developing countries. The satire content is intended to attract attention and to inspire people to move to change the situation.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Environment vs Socio-Economic and Demographic Problems Followed: A Sociological Appraisal

SIASAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Almost All

The paper searches the cause and effect impacts of the newly-found Coronavirus. The word "Corona" is currently used by all the people (7.7 billion) over the age of at least 3. The unprecedented disease is reflecting a large number of effects infecting and killing many people of the rich and the poor. The new phenomenon is continuing rapidly. It brings about recessions and closures in many businesses, and laying off many employees and workers, and that has created income and security problems for the families. The new environment has imprisoned families inside homes disrupting them from the normal and regular interactions. Such people are getting frustrated indoors. The people confined at home are usually exposed and vulnerable to psychological disorders. Almost all those at school age, are banned to attend schools and higher educational institutions at all levels. So, the educational institution is also losing a lot. The new phenomenon needs sociological appraisal from various viewpoints. What is currently happening, will create problems in post-Corona age. One of the problems that will demographically impact the world nations is "migration". Many people of the poor countries will move to more developed countries where they hope to earn their living. So, social demographers need to mind the future scenario. Poor economies will not easily be able to rehabilitate and reconstruct themselves. That is why a large migration wave will be quite likely to occur. Similarly, many countries will face increasing child labor and street children because of shortage of employment for the adults. The method of research used in the present research is of qualitative type--collecting the data through library resources and other media. Findings prove that everybody is exposed to being affected, infected and killed through the Coronavirus.

The roles of foreign influences in the evolution of social and filial relations in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akinola Akomolafe
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Almost All

Nigeria, as a geographical entity is replete with various ethnic and cultural identities that have continued to evolve from pre-colonial times to recenttimes. Granted that civilizations from Europe and Arabia have dictated almost all spheres of living, both in the Northern and Southern geographies of the country and eroded nearly all traditional values that would have assisted in curbing social and filial tensions; it is pertinent to inquire into the social relations before this ‘encounter.’ This is important as this research seeks to invoke some aspects of the past that can be relevant for contemporary utility. Hence, through the method of critical analysis, this study takes a look at the socio-economic norms among the pre-colonial cultures that eventually evolved into Nigeria, paying attention to the place of slaves and women and laying emphasis on the filial and communal nature which allowed for a not too wide the gap between the rich and the poor. Even when this study is not unaware of the positive roles of foreign influence, it recounts the deficits of this presence and suggests that aproper way is to explore some indigenous ideas and apply them for contemporary living. Keywords: Culture, Family, Moral Values, Nigeria, Pre-colonial

scholarly journals Economic and Social-Class Voting in a Model of Redistribution with Social Concerns

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3140-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gallice ◽  
Edoardo Grillo
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Class Voting ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relative Standing

Abstract We investigate how social status concerns may affect voters’ preferences for redistribution. Social status is given by a voter’s relative standing in two dimensions: consumption and social class. By affecting the distribution of consumption levels, redistribution modifies the weights attached to the two dimensions. Thus, redistribution not only transfers resources from the rich to the poor, but it also amplifies or reduces the importance of social class differences. Social status concerns can simultaneously lead some members of the working class to oppose redistribution and some members of the socioeconomic elites to favor it. They also give rise to interclass coalitions of voters that, despite having different monetary interests, support the same tax rate. We characterize these coalitions and discuss the resulting political equilibrium.

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