scholarly journals Growth Response of Hydroponic Rice Seedlings at Elevated Concentrations of Potassium Chloride

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Shaibur ◽  
AHM Shamim ◽  
S Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Highly Sensitive

 A hydroponic experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to observe the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) on growth, macro elements and sodium (Na) concentration of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore). The plants were grown up to 14 days after treatments (DAT) treated with 0, 10, 20 and 30 mM KCl. Shoot dry weight (dw) decreased significantly in the 10 mM KCl treatment, indicated that rice seedlings were highly sensitive (glycophytes) to KCl. However, root dw increased in the 10 mM KCl treatment as compared to other treatments, indicated that KCl could enhance root dw at lower concentration. The result indicated that the shoot of rice seedlings was highly sensitive to KCl than that of root. Shoot height, root length and leaf number decreased significantly in the 20 and 30 mM KCl treatments, while the width of leaf blade decreased significantly only in the 30 mM KCl treatment. Considering 10% dw reduction the critical toxicity levels (CTL) of K in shoot was 60.4 mg g-1 dw and 23.3 mg g-1 dw in root. Potassium chloride decreased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Na concentrations both in shoot and root, indicated that K had antagonistic relationships with Ca, Mg and Na in rice seedlings. Phosphorus (P) concentration decreased in shoot in the 30 mM KCl treatment indicated that the toxic effete of KCl on P. Potassium concentrations increased in shoot and root with the increasing KCl concentrations in the nutrient solution. The sensitivity response of the elements in rice was Na>Mg>Ca>P under elevated concentrations of KCl. Key words: Calcium, hydroponic, magnesium, potassium, potassium chloride, rice, sodium. doi:10.3329/jard.v6i1.1656 J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 43-53, June 2008

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vilhelm Vestberg ◽  
Sanna Kukkonen ◽  
Päivi Parikka ◽  
Dan Yu ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Suppressive Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

There is increasing global interest in using compost to suppress soil-borne fungal and bacterial diseases and nematodes. We studied the reproducibility of compost suppressive capacity (SC) against Pythium wilt of cucumber using nine composts produced by the same composting plant in 2008 and 2009. A bioassay was set up in a greenhouse using cucumber inoculated with two strains of Pythium. The composts were used as 20% mixtures (v:v) of a basic steam-sterilized light Sphagnum peat and sand (3:1, v:v). Shoot height was measured weekly during the 5-week experiment. At harvest, the SC was calculated as the % difference in shoot dry weight (DW) between non-inoculated and inoculated cucumbers. The SC was not affected by year of production (2008 or 2009), indicating reproducibility of SC when the raw materials and the composting method are not changed. Differences in shoot height were not as pronounced as those for shoot DW. The results were encouraging, but further studies are still needed for producing compost with guaranteed suppressiveness properties.

scholarly journals Emergence and Shoot Growth of Cosmos and Marigold from Paclobutrazol-treated Seed

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
James A. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether treating seeds of ‘Sensation Mixed’ cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and ‘Bonanza Gold’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.) with paclobutrazol (PB) could suppress seedling growth. Seeds were soaked in solutions of 0, 500 or 1000 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) for 16 hours at 25C (77F) or they were primed [−0.5 MPa (−5 bars) for 7 days at 20C (68F)] in Grade 5 exfoliated vermiculite moistened with 0, 500 or 1000 ppm PB solltuions. Soaked and primed seeds were dried for 1 day at 19C (65F) and 25% relative humidity. These seeds and control (non-treated) seeds were sown into plug cells containing peat-lite. Increasing PB concentration decreased cosmos shoot height at 32 days after planting (DAP), but decreased emergence percentage, responses that were more pronounced with priming than with soaking. A 1 ppm PB growth medium drench [30 ml/cell(0.2 mg PB/cell)] and, to a greater extent a 10 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) shoot spray [2 ml/shoot (0.02 mg PB/shoot)], both applied at 10 DAP, resulted in greater cosmos shoot height suppression at 32 DAP than treatment of seeds with 1000 ppm PB. Soaking marigold seeds in 1000 ppm PB failed to decrease shoot height below those of plants from non-treated seeds at 32 DAP. However, exposure to 1000 ppm PB during priming of marigold seeds resulted in a similar shoot height suppression (13%) as the growth medium drench, and similar shoot dry weight reduction (21%) as the shoot spray. Suppression of shoot growth by this seed treatment was short-term since by five weeks after transplanting into 15 cm (6 in) pots, only marigold plants that had received the growth medium drench or shoot spray were smaller than those of control plants. Treating marigold seeds with 1000 mg ppm PB used about one-fifth the PB used to drench the growth medium.

Effect of Herbicides on Germination and Growth of Four Grass Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Germination And Growth

In the greenhouse, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied directly to seeds alone or seeds on the soil surface reduced germination and shoot dry weight of common rye (Secale cerealeL. ♯3SECCE). Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) applied similarly at 0.6 kg ai/ha reduced germination and shoot dry weight of downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. ♯ BROTE) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Daws' ♯ TRZAX). Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one] at 0.6 kg ai/ha applied to seeds, soil, or seeds and soil had very little effect on germination, but significantly reduced shoot dry weight of common rye, downy brome, wheat, and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindricaHost. ♯ AEGCY). Pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] at 0.6 kg ai/ha, and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) at 3.4 kg ai/ha plus extender (p-chlorophenyl-N-methylcarbamate) at 0.4 kg ai/ha substantially reduced shoot height and dry weight of all species, regardless of application method, with pronamide completely inhibiting shoot elongation and dry-weight production in three of the four species.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Impact

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.

scholarly journals Pemberian Pupuk Silika Cair untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Toleransi Kekeringan Padi Sawah

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiyanta , ◽  
I Made Dharmika ◽  
Dan Dedeh Siti Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT<br />    <br />As one of the silica (Si) accumulator, rice (Oryza sativa L.) requires large amounts of silica for growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of liquid silica fertilizer application on lowland rice growth and yield, and its roles in drought stress responses. The experiments were conducted at Sawah Baru rice field and Cikabayan Greenhouse Experiment Station, IPB, Bogor during the period of January to May 2016. The field experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and three replications. The greenhouses experiment was arranged in a split-plot randomized block design with 3 replications. The main plots were 5 levels of liquid silica fertilizer application, while the subplot was 5 level of various soil water contents. The results of the field experiment showed that the application of liquid silica fertilizer increased rice shoot dry weight, total and productive tiller numbers, and yield per plant, but did not increase yield per hectare. Meanwhile at greenhouse experiment, it showed that the use of liquid silica fertilizer reduced the number of rice stomata, but did not increase cuticle thickness and grain yield per plant. Silica application was not effective to alter drought in rice.<br /><br />Keywords: IPB 3S, silica fertilizer, soil water content, water use efficiency   <br /><br />

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE OF SNAPDRAGON ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS TO NIGHT AIR TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATED ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160b-1160
Author(s):  
Khin San Wai ◽  
S.E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Zone Temperature

The response of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cultivars (`Tampicoi' and `Rainier White') to night air temperatures (10C and 20C) and elevated root-zone temperature (26C and ambient) was studied. Height of plants grown with a heated root-zone were greater, compared to unheated at both night temperatures for both cultivars. Shoot dry weight of `Tampico' plants was reduced by heated root-zone temperature at 20C night air temperature. Raceme length was greater with heated root-zone temperature compared to unheated at 10C night air temperature. Days to flower were shorter with heated compared to unheated root-zone at both night air temperatures for both cultivars. Stomatal diffusive resistance was greater on plants with unheated compared to heated root-zone temperature at 10C night air temperature for `Rainier White'.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON (PARASERIANTHES FALCATARIA) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Alawiyah Alawiyah ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Dermiyati Dermiyati ◽  
Christine Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mining Law

Open mining activities have caused soil damage, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that must be rehabilitated to be productive again. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant). This study was aimed to analyze the growth response of sengon plants on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil. This study was designed in completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications used combination of ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (AH 4 kg ha-1); P2 (BFA 350 kg ha-1); P3 (FMA 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that the best growth response of sengon on giving ameliorant in mixed limestone post mining soil was P1 treatment (humic acid material) which significantly increased root length, root volume, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight in sengon plants. The addition of ameliorant can be recommended to improve the quality of revegetation plants

scholarly journals Response of Sophora secundiflora to Nitrogen Form and Rate

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Denise Rodriguez ◽  
Mengmeng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Texas mountain laurel (Sophora secundiflora) is a native shrub tolerating drought, heat, windy conditions, and alkaline or wet soils. However, its availability is somewhat low and little information is available on nutrient requirement and other culture information. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the responses of Texas mountain laurel to different forms and rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. In Expt. 1, 1-year old seedlings were treated for 194 days with three NO3:NH4 ratios at 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 and two rates of N at 100 and 200 mg·L−1 in a factorial design. There was no interaction between the N rate and form on any growth parameters. Nitrogen form did not significantly affect shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root–to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. There was no significant difference between N rate of 100 and 200 mg·L−1 on root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, or the total dry weight. The shoot dry weight of Texas mountain laurel fertilized with 100 mg·L−1 was higher compared with that of the plants fertilized at 200 mg·L−1. The reduced shoot dry weight at N of 200 mg·L−1 was the result of the higher substrate salinity. In Expt. 2, seedlings were fertilized with five N rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1) for 203 days. Plants watered with 150, 200, and 250 mg·L−1 were taller than those fertilized with 50 mg·L−1. The shoot height of plants watered with 100 mg·L−1 was only significantly different from 50 mg·L−1. For rapid growth of Texas mountain laurel, a N rate range of ≈150 mg·L−1 was recommended supplied with a combination of NO3-N and NH4-N in the ratios of 0.3 to 3.0.

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