Fungi Associated With Common Spices In Bangladesh

Association of fungi in chili (Capsicum fruticance L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated. A total of 19 species of fungi under ten genera and one sterile mycelial fungus was isolated from the three spices. Out of ten genera three belong to Phycomycetes, one genus belongs to Ascomycetes and rest belongs to Deuteromycetes. The most frequent contaminants of the spices were Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, A. flavus Link, Fusarium nivale, Pestalotia sp. and Rhizopus sp. Dried fruits of the spices showed maximum number of fungal association in comparison with the respective commercial brand powder samples. Out of three plant extracts. A. sativum was found to inhibit the growth of all the test isolates at all concentrations. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 179-186, December 2014

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Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1503

Author(s):

Carla Guijarro-Real ◽

Mariola Plazas ◽

Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo ◽

Jaime Prohens ◽

Ana Fita

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Main Role ◽

Turmeric Extract ◽

Ic50 Value

Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CLPro) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity. Methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity using a quenched fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, mustard (Brassica nigra) seeds, and wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides) at 500 µg mL−1 displayed significant inhibition of the 3CLPro activity, resulting in residual protease activities of 0.0%, 9.4%, and 14.9%, respectively. Using different extract concentrations, an IC50 value of 15.74 µg mL−1 was calculated for turmeric extract. Commercial curcumin inhibited the 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rhizomes extracts, suggesting that other components of the turmeric extract must also play a main role in inhibiting the 3CLPro activity. Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in mustard seeds and wall rocket, did not have relevant 3CLPro inhibitory activity; however, its hydrolysis product allyl isothiocyanate had an IC50 value of 41.43 µg mL−1. The current study identifies plant extracts and molecules that can be of interest in the search for treatments against COVID-19, acting as a basis for future chemical, in vivo, and clinical trials.

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Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/796472 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. M. Rahman ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

M. E. Ali ◽

I. H. Mian ◽

A. M. Akanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Corchorus Capsularis ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Storage

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularisL.), cheerota (Swertia chiraitaHam.), chatim (Alstonia scholarisL.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelosL.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativumL.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria,E. carotovorasubsp.carotovora (Ecc)P-138, underin vitroand storage conditions. Previously,EccP-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth ofEccP-138in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects onEcc-138 growth both inin vitroand storage experiments.

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PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n126rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 222-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽

GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽

AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽

AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽

RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Water Activity ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Thermostable Enzymes ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

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PERBAIKAN MUTU BUNGKIL KOPRA MELALUI BIOPROCESSING UNTUK BAHAN PAKAN IKAN BANDENG

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.9.3.2014.417-426 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Neltje Nobertine Palinggi ◽

Usman Usman ◽

Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽

Asda Laining

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Rhizopus Sp

Bungkil kopra adalah hasil ikutan dari ekstraksi minyak dari daging buah kelapa kering yang masih mengandung protein sekitar 16%-18% dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pakan ikan. Faktor pembatas penggunaan bungkil kopra adalah kualitas nutrisi yang rendah antara lain karena kandungan lemak kasarnya agak tinggi dan mudah tengik sehingga perlu peningkatan ketersediaan biologisnya melalui fermentasi menggunakan mikroorganisme. Mikroba yang digunakan terdiri atas (A) Aspergillus niger, (B) Saccharomyces cereviceae, (C) Rhizopus sp., dan (D) Bacillus subtilis. Bungkil kopra yang sudah difermentasi kemudian dikeringkan dan ditepungkan, lalu dilakukan analisis proksimat, uji ketengikan dengan menentukan bilangan peroksidanya, dan komposisi asam aminonya. Juga dilakukan analisis kecernaannya untuk ikan bandeng ukuran sekitar 50 g dengan metode marker menggunakan krom oksida (Cr2O3). Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kandungan protein bungkil kopra 21%-42% dan menurunkan kandungan lemak dan serat kasarnya masing-masing 50% dan 27% pada fermentasi menggunakan Rhizophus sp., serta menurunkan bilangan peroksida 10%-47%. Nilai koefisien kecernaan protein dan lemak bungkil kopra yang difermentasi dengan Rhizopus sp., A. niger, dan S. cereviceae lebih tinggi masing-masing 10%-11% dan 9%-13% dibanding bungkil kopra yang difermentasi dengan B. subtilis dan tanpa fermentasi. Bungkil kopra hasil fermentasi dengan Rhizopus sp. mengalami peningkatan kualitas nutrisi yang terbaik untuk bahan pakan ikan bandeng.

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Biocidal potential of Three Plant Extracts on Rhizopus stolonifer, Causal Organism of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Rot

Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September - International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ◽

10.38124/ijisrt20aug480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 774-779

Author(s):

Chuku, E.C ◽

Njoku, A.A ◽

Nmom, F.W

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Severity Score ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Irish Potato ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Causal Organism ◽

Significant Difference

Research study was carried out to assess the biocidal effect of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon peel and synthetic fungicide Mancozeb against Rhizopus stolonifer using the poisoned food technique on PDA. Various concentrations (50, 75, and 100%) of extracts from the rhizomes of C. longa, Z. officinale, the peel of C. limon and Mancozeb (0.002%) significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of R. stolonifer after 3 days. Effects of the synthetic fungicide (Mancozeb) comparative to the plant extracts were also determined. Although the extracts showed varying degrees of antifungal efficacy, 100% concentration of Z. officinale (58.96%) proved to be more potent against R. stolonifer than the other plant extracts but was lower and significantly different when compared with Mancozeb (73.31%) at (P≤0.05) after 3 days. Extracts of C. longa and C. limon peel showed a lower inhibition level ranging from 45.01% to 56.98% and 9.57% to 18.73% respectively and were significantly different when compared with Mancozeb at (P≤0.05). Inhibition of fungal growth increased with a corresponding increase in extract concentration and days. The plant leaf extracts effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen in vitro after 3 days. In vivo study was carried out using spore suspensions of R. stolonifer. Fresh, healthy and surface sterilized Irish potato tubers were inoculated with 6.4 x 104 spores/ml and treated with aqueous extracts of C. longa, Z. officinale and C. limon peel after 24 hours. The result showed that all plant extracts had significant effect on disease severity in tubers inoculated with R. stolonifer. However, 100% concentration of Z. officinale gave the best rot reduction caused by R. stolonifer with severity score of 0.33 but it was not significantly different at (p<0.05) from mancozeb which had a severity score of 0.67. However, they were significantly different at (p<0.05) from the inoculated control (3.33). There were variations in weight loss but no significant difference was observed among the various treatment methods adopted.

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Caracterização bioquímica de fitases produzidas por fungos isolados na região do Alto Paranaíba em Minas Gerais

Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal ◽

10.7213/academica.13.fc.ao06 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Marilia Crivelari da Cunha ◽

Paulo Sérgio Monteiro ◽

Fabrícia Queiroz Mendes

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp

No Brasil, a adição de fitases em ração animal tem sido usada para minimizar os efeitos antinutricionais doácido fítico, além de diminuir os impactos ambientais e a adição de fósforo na ração. Este estudo teve comoobjetivo avaliar a produção de fitases e caracterizar, bioquimicamente, as enzimas produzidas por fungosisolados na região do Alto Paranaíba, no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados quatro isolados de Rhizopussp., obtidos a partir de amostras de amendoim e dois isolados de Aspergillus niger, um isolado de Trichodermasp., um isolado de Xylaria sp. e um isolado de Fusarium sp., obtidos no banco de culturas do laboratório deMicrobiologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), campus Rio Paranaíba. Os isolados de Rhizopus sp.,Thichoderma sp. e Fusarium sp. não apresentaram atividade enzimática significativa, enquanto os isolados deA. niger e Xylaria sp., por apresentarem atividade enzimática significativa, foram selecionados para a etapa decaracterização bioquímica. Na fermentação no estado líquido, um dos isolados de A. niger apresentou maioratividade enzimática (0,89 U.mL-1) em 216 h, enquanto na fermentação no estado sólido, o isolado de Xylariasp. apresentou maior atividade enzimática (2,88 U.g-1) em 264 h. A fitase de Xylaria sp. apresentou pH ótimoigual a 2,5, temperatura ótima de 45 °C e manteve 91% de atividade residual, após ser mantida a 50 °C durante15 min., enquanto a fitase de A. niger apresentou pH ótimo igual a 3, temperatura ótima de 60 °C e manteve68% de atividade residual, após ser mantida a 70 °C durante 15 min. Os resultados indicam que as enzimasapresentam potencial para aplicação industrial.

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Potential of plant extracts in combination with bacterial antagonist treatment as biocontrol agent of red rot of sugarcane

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w06-126 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 196-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. Jayakumar ◽

R. Bhaskaran ◽

S. Tsushima

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Red Rot ◽

Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽

Similar Response ◽

Red Rot Disease ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Rot Disease

Plant extracts and antifungal microorganisms were tested singly and in combination for biocontrol of sugarcane red rot disease ( Colletotrichum falcatum ) using two sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars, CoC671 and CoC92061, in pot and field experiments. Leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius and Bassia latifolia and the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa reduced Colletotrichum falcatum mycelial growth by 80%, 58%, and 57%, respectively. Although sugarcane- planting materials (setts) treated individually with either Pseudomonas fluorescens Md1 or A. precatorius in pot experiments had the lowest incidences of red rot, 20.1% and 24.2%, respectively, none of the plant extracts were effective in the field. In contrast, when the two varieties were tested separately in two field locations, the setts treated with A. precatorius in combination with a spray or soil application of P. fluorescens Md1 had the lowest incidence of red rot in both locations, e.g., 3.1% and 3.4% incidence for CoC92061 in one location, and had a similar response to the chemical control. The results suggest the applicability of plant-based extracts for the suppression of sugarcane red rot disease in the field as an environment-friendly tool in combination with antagonists.

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Synthesis of Nʹ-Nicotinoyl Sulfonohydrazides and their Antimicrobial Activity

Journal of the chemical society of pakistan ◽

10.52568/000662 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 597-597

Author(s):

Zarina Arshad Zarina Arshad ◽

Sumayya Saied Sumayya Saied ◽

Basharat Ali Basharat Ali ◽

Uzma Salar Uzma Salar ◽

Saima Tauseef Saima Tauseef ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Weak Zone ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

Rhizopus Sp

Nʹ-Nicotinoyl sulfonohydrazide derivatives 3-13 were synthesized from nicotinyl hydrazide and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against Gram positive bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus fecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)) and Gram negative bacterial strains (Escherichia.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella ParatyphiB, Salmonella tyhpi). Compound 13 showed outstanding antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus fecalis and compounds 7 and 13 were found to be moderately activite against Salmonella Paratyphi B, shown by their zone of inhibition values. In addition to that compond 9 also showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli. All derivatives 3-13 were also subjected for the evaluation of their antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Microsporum canin, Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. Compound 13 showed promising antifungal activity against Rhizopus sp. and compounds 9 and 10 showed moderate antifungal potential against Microsporum canis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida tropicalis. Other molecules demonstrated weak zone of inhibitions.

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Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

Kartini Kartini ◽

Amarisa Alviani ◽

Dia Anjarwati ◽

Adinda Finna Fanany ◽

Johan Sukweenadhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Scale Up ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Metal Nanoparticle ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.

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