scholarly journals Biocidal potential of Three Plant Extracts on Rhizopus stolonifer, Causal Organism of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Chuku, E.C ◽  
Njoku, A.A ◽  
Nmom, F.W
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Significant Difference

Research study was carried out to assess the biocidal effect of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon peel and synthetic fungicide Mancozeb against Rhizopus stolonifer using the poisoned food technique on PDA. Various concentrations (50, 75, and 100%) of extracts from the rhizomes of C. longa, Z. officinale, the peel of C. limon and Mancozeb (0.002%) significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of R. stolonifer after 3 days. Effects of the synthetic fungicide (Mancozeb) comparative to the plant extracts were also determined. Although the extracts showed varying degrees of antifungal efficacy, 100% concentration of Z. officinale (58.96%) proved to be more potent against R. stolonifer than the other plant extracts but was lower and significantly different when compared with Mancozeb (73.31%) at (P≤0.05) after 3 days. Extracts of C. longa and C. limon peel showed a lower inhibition level ranging from 45.01% to 56.98% and 9.57% to 18.73% respectively and were significantly different when compared with Mancozeb at (P≤0.05). Inhibition of fungal growth increased with a corresponding increase in extract concentration and days. The plant leaf extracts effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen in vitro after 3 days. In vivo study was carried out using spore suspensions of R. stolonifer. Fresh, healthy and surface sterilized Irish potato tubers were inoculated with 6.4 x 104 spores/ml and treated with aqueous extracts of C. longa, Z. officinale and C. limon peel after 24 hours. The result showed that all plant extracts had significant effect on disease severity in tubers inoculated with R. stolonifer. However, 100% concentration of Z. officinale gave the best rot reduction caused by R. stolonifer with severity score of 0.33 but it was not significantly different at (p<0.05) from mancozeb which had a severity score of 0.67. However, they were significantly different at (p<0.05) from the inoculated control (3.33). There were variations in weight loss but no significant difference was observed among the various treatment methods adopted.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Ethno Medicinal Plant Extracts on Botryodiplodia theobromae the Causal Organism of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Rot

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Chikwendu A. E. ◽  
Okigbo R. N. ◽  
Anukwuorji C. A. ◽  
Anukwu J. U. ◽  
Eze H. N.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Better Than

Post-harvest deterioration and rot caused by diverse microorganisms is the single most important factor militating against yam production in Nigeria. In an approach towards the development of ecofriendly antifungal compound in controlling yam rot, ethanol and aqueous extracts of six commonly available plants: Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Carica papaya and Citrus sinensis were tested in combination for their synergistic effect against Botryodiplodia theobromae. Four different extract concentrations (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) were obtained from each extract mixture. Cold solvent extraction method was used for the extraction of plant materials while food poisoning technique was used for in vitro screening of plant extracts against rot inducing fungal organism. Botryodiplodia theobromae was tested to be pathogenic on healthy yam tubers with rot incidence of 80 mm. The synergistic effects of the combined extract varied with the plants combined, solvent of extraction, concentration of extract and test fungi. Ethanol extract showed greater effect in the inhibition of the entire organism than aqueous. All the extract combinations that had Neem as a component did better than other combinations in aqueous extracts. Inhibition of fungal growth was best observed at 7.5% and 10% extract concentrations. The highest inhibitory effect on the test organism (Botryodiplodia theobromae) was by the combination of Neem/Bitter leaf and Orange/Scent leaf, with values of 98.40±0.095% and 94.24±0.583% respectively for aqueous while the highest inhibition for ethanol extract was observed from Scent leaf/Bitter leaf and Pawpaw/Lemon, with values of 99.80±0.000% and 98.83±0.619% respectively these were significantly (P<0.05) better than other combinations. With respect to the synergistic activity between the plants materials combined in this study, all the combinations showed great synergism against the test organisms. This is likely to be a means of achieving pragmatic, effective control and prevention of food spoilage, since the development of new classes of antifungal agents is of paramount importance. The crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of all the six plant extracts showed potential synergy on organisms responsible for yam rot, hence they are recommended for the control of rot inducing microbial organisms.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT AND Α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF Mitragyna inermis (WILLD) O. KUNTZE AND Tamarindus indica LINN.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Relwendé Justin Ouédraogo ◽  
◽  
Martin Bienvenu Somda ◽  
Lassina Ouattara ◽  
Windmi Kagambega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Significant Difference

The current study was conducted to explore the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of Tamarindus (T.) indica and Mitragyna(M.) inermis aqueous leaves extracts. Along with this, the estimation of available total phenolics and total flavonoids contents was also carried out to establish the scientific background of the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of used plants. For estimation of total phenolics and total flavonoids contents, Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method was used respectively. Antioxidant activity of prepared aqueous extracts was determined by various in vitro assays such as DPPH•, ABTS•+, FRAP assay while for the determining anti-diabetic potential of two used aqueous extracts plants, α-amylase inhibition assay was performed using the 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid method. The results of the current study suggested that the aqueous extracts of both species have similar polyphenol content while in the case of flavonoid content, it was reported higher in T. indica leaves (9.90 mg QE/100 mg extract) and this is significantly different (p˂0.001) from the aqueous leaves extract of M. inermis. The results revealed that both plant extracts effectively scavenged DPPH and ABTS radical which suggested the strong antioxidant potential of used extracts. Besides, plant extracts also exhibited higher Fe (III) reducing activities. When these results were compared with standard treatment, highly significant difference was reported at 10 mg/ml extract doses (p˂0.001). Both leaf extracts exhibit remarkable α-amylases inhibitory activity, this was reported 89.55% with T. indica while 75.65% with M. inermis at 10 mg/mL extract. Hence leaves extracts of selected plants have significant antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential which justify the use of these two plants in traditional remedies. Further works are necessary for the isolation, characterization, and identification of active antioxidant and anti-diabetic molecules from the aqueous extracts of T. indica and M. inermis, which may serve as a potential natural source of antioxidant and anti-diabetes.

scholarly journals Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503
Author(s):  
Carla Guijarro-Real ◽  
Mariola Plazas ◽  
Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Ana Fita
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value

Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CLPro) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity. Methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity using a quenched fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, mustard (Brassica nigra) seeds, and wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides) at 500 µg mL−1 displayed significant inhibition of the 3CLPro activity, resulting in residual protease activities of 0.0%, 9.4%, and 14.9%, respectively. Using different extract concentrations, an IC50 value of 15.74 µg mL−1 was calculated for turmeric extract. Commercial curcumin inhibited the 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rhizomes extracts, suggesting that other components of the turmeric extract must also play a main role in inhibiting the 3CLPro activity. Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in mustard seeds and wall rocket, did not have relevant 3CLPro inhibitory activity; however, its hydrolysis product allyl isothiocyanate had an IC50 value of 41.43 µg mL−1. The current study identifies plant extracts and molecules that can be of interest in the search for treatments against COVID-19, acting as a basis for future chemical, in vivo, and clinical trials.

scholarly journals Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
I. H. Mian ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
And Storage

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularisL.), cheerota (Swertia chiraitaHam.), chatim (Alstonia scholarisL.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelosL.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativumL.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria,E. carotovorasubsp.carotovora (Ecc)P-138, underin vitroand storage conditions. Previously,EccP-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth ofEccP-138in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects onEcc-138 growth both inin vitroand storage experiments.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antifungal potentials of Citrus limon peels against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer causing rots in water melon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
L.U. Bashir ◽  
A. Abdulkadir ◽  
M. M. Shah ◽  
A. Hamisu ◽  
U. Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Water Melon

This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antifungal potential of Citrus limon peels using aqueous and methanol extracts against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer causing rots in water melon. The result of phytocemical screening revealed the presence of Saponin, Tannin, Phenols, Alkaloid and Flavanoid. Pathogenicity test conducted showed that F. oxysporum and R. stolonifer causes rots of Citrullus lanatus. The extracts inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum (76.67% and 60.00 %) methanol and aqueous respectively. R. stolonifer growth was inhibited (85.93% and 71.11%) methanol and aqueous extracts. The fungitoxicity of synthetic fungicide Benomyl was 95.56%. The methanol extracts has highest inhibitory activity than aqueous extract. The result of the findings indicates the Biofungicide potentials of Citrus limon peels as alternative to synthetic fungicide in management of phyto-pathogens of water lemon.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽  
Janet O. Olugbodi ◽  
Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽  
Olusola Ladeji
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

scholarly journals Carcass yield and intestinal morphology of male rabbits fed diets supplemented with turmeric (Curcuma Longa) powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
E.O. Okanlawon ◽  
E.O. Okanlawon ◽  
K.O. Bello ◽  
O.S. Akinola ◽  
O.O. Oluwatosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Inclusion Level

Thirty-two (7-8 weeks old) male rabbits that weighed between 700 and 800 g were used to determine the effect of inclusion of Turmeric powder on carcass yield and intestinal morphology of rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets containing varying levels of turmeric powder (0, 5, 10 and 15 g) in a complete randomized design. Data were collected on carcass yield, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and analyzed using ANOVA. Significant (p<0.05) differences were obtained on bled and eviscerated weights, forelimbs, hind limbs, neck, tail and loin. Highest (p<0.05) duodenum crypt depth (111.50 μm) was obtained with buck fed diet containing 15 g turmeric inclusion while buck fed with diet containing 0 g turmeric had the least value of (67.67 μm). This was similar (p>0.05) with values obtained for buck fed diets containing 5 g turmeric (73.83 μm) and those fed with 10 g turmeric inclusion (79.33 μm). There was significant difference (P<0.05) of rabbit fed with diets with turmeric on jejunum villi height. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in jejunum crypt depth and mucosal thickness. However, 10 g inclusion could be assumed as economic inclusion level for carcass yield and intestinal increase in rabbit production.

Potential of plant extracts in combination with bacterial antagonist treatment as biocontrol agent of red rot of sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayakumar ◽  
R. Bhaskaran ◽  
S. Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Red Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Rot Disease

Plant extracts and antifungal microorganisms were tested singly and in combination for biocontrol of sugarcane red rot disease ( Colletotrichum falcatum ) using two sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars, CoC671 and CoC92061, in pot and field experiments. Leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius and Bassia latifolia and the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa reduced Colletotrichum falcatum mycelial growth by 80%, 58%, and 57%, respectively. Although sugarcane- planting materials (setts) treated individually with either Pseudomonas fluorescens Md1 or A. precatorius in pot experiments had the lowest incidences of red rot, 20.1% and 24.2%, respectively, none of the plant extracts were effective in the field. In contrast, when the two varieties were tested separately in two field locations, the setts treated with A. precatorius in combination with a spray or soil application of P. fluorescens Md1 had the lowest incidence of red rot in both locations, e.g., 3.1% and 3.4% incidence for CoC92061 in one location, and had a similar response to the chemical control. The results suggest the applicability of plant-based extracts for the suppression of sugarcane red rot disease in the field as an environment-friendly tool in combination with antagonists.

scholarly journals Application of Gamma Induced Mutation in Breeding Potato for Bacterial Wilt Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Emmy Chepkoech ◽  
Miriam Kinyua ◽  
Julius Ochuodho ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat ◽  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Kenya has not been achieved in its full potential due to susceptibility of potato varieties to pest and diseases among others. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato is regarded as an important disease contributing to significant yield reduction. The disease is considered more difficult to control in field crop production using universal control measure due to pathogen’s properties as a soil-borne bacterium, broad host range and the genetic variation level within the strains. The objective was to screen potato mutants at M1V4 mutant populations for resistance against bacterial wilt using pathogenicity test. Study Design: The experimental design used was an alpha lattice with twenty three blocks each having seven plots with three replications each. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package, version 9.1 and mean separation done using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) whenever there were significant differences. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organization (KALRO), Kabete station for one season (December 2015 to April 2016). Methodology: One hundred and sixty three mutants developed from three commercial varieties (Asante 72, Mpya 43 and Sherekea 47) were evaluated. Results: The reactions of potato mutants to bacterial wilt varied from variety to variety and mutants to mutants. None of the Asante, Mpya and Sherekea mutants used was found to be resistant to bacterial wilt though Asante mutant populations showed better response. There was significant difference in some traits such as DTOW, AUDPC and PSTTN across the three potato mutant populations. Conclusion: The variation within the potato mutants and response to bacterial wilt resistance levels could be attributed to different dose rates and the reaction of each variety to the mutagen used. Since mutation is random its effects are enormous.

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