scholarly journals Fire Emergency Evacuation Simulation of a shopping mall using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easir A Khan ◽  
Mohammad Abir Ahmed ◽  
Emamul Haque Khan ◽  
Suvash C Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Design Pattern ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator

Fire accident in a shopping mall, garments factory and other labor intensive industries nowadays has become a common incident in Bangladesh and poses a great threat to life, facilities and economy of our country. In this work, fire and evacuation simulation was performed for a single stored shopping complex utilizing computational fluid dynamic techniques. Fire Dynamic Simulator with evacuation (FDS+Evac) software was used to simulate a shopping mall fire and study the effects of fire on the emergency egress process of people. The shopping mall of area 64 m2 comprises of seven rooms with a pool fire at the center of the mall is modeled for simulation. The total evacuation time (TET) for a fixed population density were estimated with the change of heat release rate, soot yield, soot density and the design pattern or geometry of shopping mall. The evacuation of agents in different time and different design pattern of the mall has been assessed using the data obtained from the simulation. FDS+Evac provides an integrating platform where the interaction between fire growth and evacuees can be taken into account by simultaneous simulation allowing a full coupling of the fire conditions and human behavior. This makes FDS is an effective tool for simulating large and high density crowds where the movement dynamics of evacuees is affected by the crowd pressure. Full scale fire experiment is often quite difficult to study the fine and crowds evacuation behavior. This paper illustrates a promising application of fire dynamic simulator (FDS+Evac) for fire and evacuation modeling to predict the total evacuation time.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 32-36

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

Large Outdoor Fire Model Analysis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vidmar ◽  
Stojan Petelin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The idea behind the article is how to define fire behavior. The work is based on an analytical study of fire origin, its development and spread. Mathematical fire model called FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) in used in a presented work. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) model using LES (Large Eddie Simulation) is used to calculate fire development and spread of combustion products in the environment. The fire source is located in the vicinity of the hazardous plant, power, chemical etc. The article present the brief background of the FDS computer program and the initial and boundary conditions used in the mathematical model. Results discuss output data and check the validity of results. The work also presents some corrections of physical model used, which influence the quality of results.

Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Down Stand Structure in Fire Compartment on Smoke Contamination Atrium Upper Balconies

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Hasnain ◽  
Mohammad Shakir Nasif ◽  
William Pao ◽  
Rafat Al-Waked
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Fire Incident ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
In Fire

Atrium is gaining popularity in the modern societies because of its special attraction. However, during fire incident it causes significant risk due to its open spaces between floors. In atriums smoke can move easily to upper floors through these open spaces and causes smoke contamination of the atrium upper floors. Moreover, presence of down stand structure at the fire compartment opening is required in any shop in atrium shopping mall to display the trade name of the shop. This study investigated the effect of down stand structure on smoke contamination of upper balconies of an atrium by using Fire Dynamic Simulator, CFD software. A correlation that predict the smoke contamination occurrence in the presence of fire compartment down stand structure is developed. The results shows that down stand structure resulted in increasing the effect of smoke contamination in upper floors of an atrium.

Model of Household Trip-Chain Sequencing in Emergency Evacuation

2003 ◽  
Vol 1831 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Murray-Tuite ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Trip Chain ◽  
Household Members

An evacuation modeling framework that bridges the gap between observed household behavior and traditional evacuation models is presented. Numerous observers have noted that household members seek each other and then evacuate as a single unit. The desire to find relatives before leaving an area may result in people moving toward the danger instead of away from it. This pattern has not been captured by traditional evacuation models, which assume that people immediately move away from the danger. The gap between observed behavior and theoretical models leads to longer-than-expected evacuation times. A series of two linear integer programs provide an expression for the household behavior in evacuation conditions. The first formulation determines the meeting location for the household members. The second formulation determines which drivers pick up each of the family members and the sequence of the collection. Tying these linear programs to traffic simulation software allows for a more complete evacuation simulation. Furthermore, information supply strategies may be incorporated into the simulation. The effect of information on reassignment and resequencing may also be examined.

scholarly journals Application of portrait recognition system for emergency evacuation in mass emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 893-902
Author(s):  
Ke Xu
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm

Abstract A portrait recognition system can play an important role in emergency evacuation in mass emergencies. This paper designed a portrait recognition system, analyzed the overall structure of the system and the method of image preprocessing, and used the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) algorithm for portrait detection. It also designed an improved algorithm combining principal component analysis (PCA) with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for portrait recognition and tested the system by applying it in a shopping mall to collect and monitor the portrait and establish a data set. The results showed that the missing detection rate and false detection rate of the SSD algorithm were 0.78 and 2.89%, respectively, which were lower than those of the AdaBoost algorithm. Comparisons with PCA, LDA, and PCA + LDA algorithms demonstrated that the recognition rate of the improved PCA + LDA algorithm was the highest, which was 95.8%, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was the largest, and the recognition time was the shortest, which was 465 ms. The experimental results show that the improved PCA + LDA algorithm is reliable in portrait recognition and can be used for emergency evacuation in mass emergencies.

Effects of Exit Vent Location on Fire Room Conditions During PPV

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Beal ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Experimental Compartment ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Hot Products ◽  
Vent Location

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a widely used fire fighting tactic in which a fan is used to push hot products of fire out of a burning structure. There is a recent body of research that has been conducted regarding the advantages and disadvantages of PPV. Studies of PPV most commonly use full scale experimental fires and/or computational simulations to evaluate its effectiveness. This paper presents computational simulations that have been conducted using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 5 to evaluate the effects of exit vent location on resulting fire room conditions during the application of PPV to a ventilation constrained fire. The simulations use a simple one room structure with an adjacent hallway. We are simulating this geometry because we are in the process of designing and constructing a similar experimental compartment. Cold flow simulations are first conducted to understand how much the presence of the fire heat release affects the flow patterns. Then, two simulations which employ PPV with different exit vent locations are compared. The differences between the two simulations are detailed and a physical explanation for the differences is presented.

scholarly journals An Agent-Based Simulation of Deep Foundation Pit Emergency Evacuation Modeling in the Presence of Collapse Disaster

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Yang ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
Cong Hu ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Deep Foundation Pit ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Escape Process ◽  
Exit Distribution

With the gradual expansion of high buildings and underground spaces, deep foundation pits have been widely used in these engineering projects, but if they are not well-designed, safety problems occur. Proper deep foundation pit design requires proper exit distribution. However, calculating an adequate number of exit distributions for evaluation is difficult due to the numerous influential factors existing in the deep foundation pit environment. To this end, this paper presents a prototype of a decision-making system that uses agent-based modeling to simulate deep foundation pit evacuation in the presence of collapse disaster. By modeling the collapse occurrence process and agent escape process, an agent-based evacuation model is built, and a modified simulation-based particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem of exit distribution. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the system, and the results show that the system provides a feasible framework for deep foundation pit evacuation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HEAT RELEASE RATE IN ENGINE ROOM FIRES OF 300 GT FERRY RO-RO PASSENGER BY USING WATER MIST SYSTEM AND CO2 SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wira Setiawan ◽  
Distyan Kotanjungan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Suppression System

Based on statistical data in recent years, there are still quite a number of ship accidents due to fires, including on passenger ships. The water mist system is a fire suppression system that allows it to be used in the engine room with the advantage that it can keep the heat production rate low during the extinguishing process and can be operated earlier than the CO2 system. The research is conducted by using fire dynamic simulator in the engine room of a 300 GT ferry ro-ro passenger to compare the heat release rate of fire without an extinguishing system, an existing CO2 system, and a water mist system. The result shows that the CO2 fire suppression system reduces the heat release rate more rapidly to the decay phase at 375 seconds while the water mist takes more than 900 seconds. However, the fully developed phase of the water mist suppression system occurs more quickly than CO2 because the sprinklers are activated shortly after a fire occurs. Unlike water mist, the CO2 system is activated at 60 seconds so that the pre-combustion, growth, flashover, and fully developed phases are at the same HRR and time as the natural one.

Emergency Evacuation Simulation Based on BIM Technology for Scientific Facility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Peijun ◽  
Yi Tao ◽  
Zhang Xiaofei ◽  
Jiang Shaoen ◽  
Che Yanbo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Simulation Based
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