scholarly journals Salinity Effect on Dry Mass Partitioning in Different Plant Parts and Ion Uptake in Leaves of Rice Mutants

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Puteh ◽  
MMA Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning ◽  
Physiological Characters

The Four levels of sodium chloride induced salinity levels, 0, 6, 9 and 12 dSm-1 were imposed at 25 days after planting of six rice mutants. Results indicated that morphological parameters such as plant height and leaf area, dry mass production in different plant parts such as root, stem, leaf and grain yield hill-1, physiological characters such as biological yield and harvest index, yield attributes such as number of effective tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight, mineral ions in leaves such as potassium and calcium were decreased with gradual increasing of salinity levels while number of non-effective tillers hill-1 and Na content of leaves were increased with increasing soil salinity. The highest value of the above parameters was observed in control and the lowest values of them were observed at 12 dSm-1. Generally genotypes having ability to exclude Na from leaves were found salt tolerant in respect of dry mass production in different plant parts and vice versa. Among the genotypes, the dry matter production and yield loss due to salinity was less in RM250-170 and RM250-2080 than that in the others, which further revealed that RM250-170 and RM250-2080 had a greater tolerance to salinity than RM350-130, RM300- 280, RM250-1080 and IRATOM. The rank of salinity tolerance was: RM250-2080 > RM250-170 > RM250-1080 > IRATOM > RM300-280 > RM350-130.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22073 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 239-245 2013

Plastic Mulch Color Effects on Light Micro-environment and Watermelon Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 474d-474
Author(s):  
N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning

This study was conducted to evaluate the spectral properties of various colored plastic color mulches and to determine the effects of upwardly reflected light from the mulch surfaces on watermelon plant growth when differences in root zone temperatures are minimized. Two-week-old watermelon plants were grown with black mulch, red-painted mulch, SRM-Red mulch (Sonoco, Inc., Harstville, S.C.), and white mulch. Total light reflection (58 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) and red: far-red (R:FR = 0.44) of reflected light were lower in black mulch and highest in white mulch (634 and 0.92, respectively). Both black mulch and white mulch had same blue:red (B:R = 0.6) while white mulch had higher B:FR (0.58) in reflected light compared to black mulch (0.26). Reflective properties of red mulches were somewhat similar, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.8, 0.2, and 0.18, respectively. However, SRM-Red mulch had highest total light (355 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) transmission through the mulch, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.84, 0.28, and 0.23, respectively. Light transmission through the other mulches was nonsignificant. Watermelon plants grown with black mulch and red mulches had higher internode lengths compared to white mulch after 20 days. Further, plants grown under black had significant higher petiole elongation accompanied with higher dry mass partitioning to petioles, and lower partitioning to roots, stems, and leaves. There was no effects of surface mulch color on total plant dry mass or photosynthesis although plants with black had higher transpiration rate. This suggests the differential regulation of dry mass partitioning among plant parts due to mulch color. The similar plant responses with black mulch and white mulch to plants treated with FR or R light at the end of photoperiod implies the involvement of phytochrome regulation of growth due to mulch surface color.

Saline Water Irrigation Through Drip for Groundnut-Wheat Cropping Sequence in Hyper Arid-Region of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Ranjeet Singh ◽  
S. R. Yadav ◽  
A. S. Godara ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Four Levels

A field experiment was conducted to assess the suitability of saline water for irrigation, and to know the irrigation water requirement of groundnut-wheat cropping sequence in hyper-arid region of Rajasthan. In this split-plot experiment, the main plots had four levels of irrigation water salinity (ECiw0.25 (Best available water, BAW), 4, 8 and 12dS.m-1); and the sub-plots had combinations of two treatments on drip lateral spacing of 0.60 m and 0.90 m with 0.30 m emitter spacing, and three levels of irrigation water application (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 times of pan evaporation (PE)). The highest biological yield (grain + straw) of groundnut and wheat recorded in BAW was statistically at par with irrigation water salinity level of 4 dS.m-1. Higher irrigation water salinity levels (8 and 12 dS.m-1) and placement of laterals at 0.90 m led to significant reduction in biological yield. In monetary terms, use of BAW resulted in highest B:C ratio of 1.73 for groundnut-wheat cropping sequence, while ECiw 4 dS.m-1 showed B:C ratio of 1.70. Highest crop yields, gross return and B:C ratio were observed under 0.60 m lateral spacing and irrigation application at 1.0 PE. Interaction effect of salinity of irrigation water and lateral spacing on yield and yield attributes was significant for both crops. Study demonstrated that the salinity limit of 4 dS.m-1 can be considered as threshold irrigation water salinity for drip irrigated groundnut and wheat crops in hyper-arid region of Rajasthan

scholarly journals Anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves from Eugenia dysenterica DC. can predict nutritional deficiency symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Sebastião de Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Plants receiving insufficient concentrations of the different essential nutrients may respond symptomatically to this stress. However, when the first visible symptoms of nutritional deficiency appear, plants already exhibit significant changes in their structure. As seedlings of E. dysenterica are important for the recovery of degraded areas and as the fruits of this species are widely exploited commercially, we decided to evaluate whether the omission of nutrients may affect the leaf anatomical ultrastructure, dry matter production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in this plant, in an attempt to use data of this nature to predict symptoms of nutritional deficiency in seedlings of this species. For this purpose, we grow seedlings in a hydroponic system, offering all nutrients and also omitting each nutrient individually. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the omission of each nutrient on the anatomical leaf structure, dry mass production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Seedlings that grew in the absence of Ca and Mn exhibited compromised spongy parenchyma and mesophyll development, while the omission of K and Mg increased the number of epidermal cells and stomata. Low dry mass production in E. dysenterica was related to the omission of S and Mn, while P, N and Fe deficiencies directly affected the synthesis of pigments. Thus, leaf anatomical and physiological data can predict nutritional deficiency conditions, enabling the user to diagnose the deficiency before the onset of symptoms in E. dysenterica seedlings. Our results may help investigators to understand the effects of nutritional omissions on other native Cerrado plants

scholarly journals Influence of defoliation during reproductive stage on seed yield in uniculm mungbean plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
M. Monjurul Alam Mondal ◽  
M. Monjurul Alam Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Reproductive Characters ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Physiological Characters

An experiment was conducted at the pot yard of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from February to May 2018 to investigate the effect of defoliations on morphological characters, yield attributes and yield of uniculm mungbean plant. The experiment comprised of nine levels of defoliation viz., control, 2, 3, 4, 5 leaves removal from base and 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaves removal from top out of 7 leaves during flowering start phase. The morpho-physiological characters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and total dry mass plant-1 and number of racemes, reproductive characters such as rachis length and diameter, number of flowers plant-1 and reproductive efficiency, yield contributing characters such as number of pods plant-1, pod length, number of seeds pod-1, single pod and 100-seed weight and seed yield decreased with increasing defoliation both from base and top except basal 2 leaves defoliation. The above parameters increased over control in basal 2 leaves defoliation. The decrement due to defoliation was greater in  top  defoliated  plants  than  the corresponding  basal  defoliated  ones indicating upper leaves contributes more assimilate to the sink than the basal leaves. The highest morpho-physiological parameters, reproductive characters and yield contributing characters observed in basal 2 leaves defoliated plants which resulted the highest seed yield (5.75 g plant-1) followed by control (5.49 g plant-1). The lowest morpho-physiological parameters, reproductive and yield contributing characters recorded in top 5 defoliated plants and produced the lowest seed yield (1.21 g plant-1). These results suggest that uniculm mungbean plant tolerate basal 2 leaves loss in the canopy during reproductive stage.

scholarly journals Changes in root morphology and dry matter production in Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen accessions in response to excessive zinc

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BERNARDY ◽  
J.G. FARIAS ◽  
A.O.S. DORNELES ◽  
A.S. PEREIRA ◽  
M.R.W. SCHORR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Pfaffia Glomerata ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Zinc Excess ◽  
Matter Production

ABSTRACT Zinc (Zn) participates of numerous metabolic processes in plants. However, it can become toxic to plants in excessive concentrations in the soil. Pfaffia glomerata is a Brazilian medicinal species that has stood out because of its numerous chemical and functional properties, mainly by the triterpene saponins and ecdysteroids accumulated in its roots. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc excess on many root morphological parameters of Pfaffia glomerata. A 4 x 3 factorial design was employed in a completely randomized scheme with 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of four concentrations of Zn (2, 100, 200, and 300 µM) and three accessions of P. glomerata (BRA, GD, and JB) grown in a hydroponic system for 7 and 14 days. Differences in root morphology and dry mass production were observed among the three accessions in response to excessive Zn. Some growth parameters of GD accession increased with the addition of Zn, ranging from 36 to 79 µM. However, the GD and JB accessions presented reduction in dry mass production, root area, length, and volume with increasing Zn levels. The BRA accession, which had the lowest growth among accessions, presented chlorotic leaves. The shoot/root dry mass ratio and root diameter increased linearly for BRA and GD accessions at 7 days. Based on the evaluated parameters, we observed the following order of Zn excess tolerance in P. glomerata accessions: GD> JB> BRA.

scholarly journals Effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of transplanted aman rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
Md Abdul Kayum ◽  
Md Mainul Hasan ◽  
Md Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Jaime A Teixeira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels

Improper doses and splits of nitrogenous fertilizer are two major constraints achieving higher yield of transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different levels and split application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on yield and yield attributes of transplanted aman rice (var. BRRI dhan30). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four split levels of N : T1 [? N a t b asal + ? N a t 2 5 d ays a fter transplanting (DAT) + ? N at 50 DAT ], T2 [½ N at 25 DAT + ½ N at 50 DAT], T3 [? N at 15 DAT + ? N at 30 DAT + ? N at 45 DAT], T4 [¼ at N 15 DAT + ½ N at 30 DAT + ¼ N at 45 DAT] in the main plot and four levels of N in the sub-plot: control (0 kg N/ha), N1 (40 kg N/ha), N2 (80 kg N/ha), and N3 (120 kg N/ha). Data collected were total tillers/hill, effective tillers/hill, number of grains/panicle, grain yield (t/ha), biological yield (t/ha) as well as some other morphological characters. Among the N splits, treatment T3 produced highest total tillers/hill (16.45), effective tillers/hill (12.73), panicle length (24.97 cm), grains/panicle (127.92), grain yield (5.53 t/ha), biological yield (12.87 t/ha), and harvest index (42.79%). Among the N levels, treatment N3 produced highest total tillers/hill (16.50), effective tillers/hill (12.69), grains/panicle (130.36), grain yield (5.40 t/ha), and biological yield (12.66 t/ha). Conversely, the treatment combination of N3 and T3 produced the highest value for most of the traits evaluated, namely total tillers/hill (18.03), effective tillers/hill (14.97), grains/panicle (137.48), grain yield (5.77 t/ha), biological yield (13.08 t/ha), and harvest index (44.10%). Hence, the treatment combination of N3 and T3 is suggested to bring higher economic benefit from transplanted aman rice in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18886 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 579-587, December 2013

Growth and dry mass partitioning in plant parts of lentil

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
M.M.A. Mondal ◽  
A.B. Puteh ◽  
M.A. Kashem ◽  
M.A. Haque ◽  
A. H.M. Razzque
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning

scholarly journals Application of Ash for Amelioration of Salinity Effect in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
AHF Fahim ◽  
MA Kader ◽  
MS Nahar ◽  
MA Wadud ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Agricultural land use in coastal area covers 53% and the lands are mostly affected by salinity. Besides, the average yield of rice in these areas is very low due to salinity. Although, BRRI has developed salt registrant rice varieties, the average production can be improved through soil management. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during March to August 2010 to investigate the ameliorative effect of ash application on yield and yield attributes of rice under various salinity levels. Rice var. BRRI dhan47 (a salt tolerant variety) was used in the experiment. The sodium chloride induced salinity levels were 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mM NaCl and the levels of ash applied were 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 t ha-1. Results revealed that the different levels of salinity had significant adverse effect on plant height, tillers hill-1, panicle hill-1, grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. All the plants eventually died when they were exposed to salinity level of 40 mM NaCl or more and could not survive up to maturity. Application of ash enhanced the yield attributes and yield of rice under different salinity levels compared to those without ash. It was concluded that application of ash at the rate of 6 t ha-1 ameliorated the salinity stress effect on rice yield of BRRI dhan47.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 31-36

scholarly journals Establishment of Xaraés and Marandu grasses under levels of soil compaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Daniel D. Valadão Júnior ◽  
Rafael H. P. dos Reis ◽  
Jader J. Campos ◽  
Walcylene L. M. P. Scaramuzza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

In Cerrado soils under grazing, changes occur in physical attributes, such as increased density, decreasing on the size of water stable aggregates, and macroporosity reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to study the effect of compaction on the establishment of two forages. It was adopted a completely randomized design with three replications, in 2 x 4 factorial design, and two forages (Xaraés grass and Marandu grass), and four levels of compaction (soil densities of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 Mg m-3). The following variables were evaluated 48 days after sowing: tiller population, plant height, dry matter production of shoots and components, leaf and stem, as well as the root dry mass. The stem dry mass decreased with soil density in a similar manner for both forages. It was observed that the leaf dry mass and shoots dry mass of Xaraés grass remained constant in the levels of soil compaction, not adjusting to any regression model. The establishment of Xaraés grass has not been negatively affected by compaction, which may be suitable for situations where there may be layers that restrict the growth of different forages.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata V. Menezes ◽  
André D. Azevedo Neto ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Hewsley H. B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document