scholarly journals Establishment of Xaraés and Marandu grasses under levels of soil compaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna M. Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Daniel D. Valadão Júnior ◽  
Rafael H. P. dos Reis ◽  
Jader J. Campos ◽  
Walcylene L. M. P. Scaramuzza

In Cerrado soils under grazing, changes occur in physical attributes, such as increased density, decreasing on the size of water stable aggregates, and macroporosity reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to study the effect of compaction on the establishment of two forages. It was adopted a completely randomized design with three replications, in 2 x 4 factorial design, and two forages (Xaraés grass and Marandu grass), and four levels of compaction (soil densities of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 Mg m-3). The following variables were evaluated 48 days after sowing: tiller population, plant height, dry matter production of shoots and components, leaf and stem, as well as the root dry mass. The stem dry mass decreased with soil density in a similar manner for both forages. It was observed that the leaf dry mass and shoots dry mass of Xaraés grass remained constant in the levels of soil compaction, not adjusting to any regression model. The establishment of Xaraés grass has not been negatively affected by compaction, which may be suitable for situations where there may be layers that restrict the growth of different forages.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Tallita da Ponte Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽  
Fernando Lisboa Guedes ◽  
Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
...  

Objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior, feed efficiency, and nutritional and physiological parameters of sheep that were fed diets based on byproducts from the processing of cashew. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of inclusion (6 %, 11 %, 16 %, and 21 % of cashew byproduct) and two forms of processing—with chemical treatment (CT) and without chemical treatment (NCT). The interaction levels of inclusion of the byproduct of cashew versus chemical treatments was not (P>0.05) for the dry matter intake, consumption of organic matter. No effect was observed (P>0.05) for the intake of dry matter in function of the type of chemical treatment used in the byproduct of cashew. There was no effect of interaction (P<0.05) between levels of inclusion and chemical treatment applied or not on the byproduct of cashew for the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein (P>0.05). The inclusion of the byproduct of cashew did not influence the behavioral parameters, intake and digestibility of the diets of sheep, being recommended to use up to the level of 21%.


Author(s):  
Azaria Dhea Gantina ◽  
Farida Fathul ◽  
Liman Liman ◽  
Muhtarudin Muhtarudin

This research aims was to determine the effect of bokashi dose on plant height, number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry matter production and also to determine the optimum dose of bokashi to obtain the best results on growth and production at the first harvest of dwarf elephant grass. This research was conducted in March 2020 - July 2020 in Sidodadi Asri village, Jati Agung district, South Lampung regency. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment, namely P0 (control); P1 (bokashi dosage 30 tons/ha); P2 (bokashi dosage 40 tons/ha); and P3 (bokashi dosage 50 tons/ha). Each experimental treatment unit has plot measuring 2x2 m2. Each trial unit was repeated 3 times, so there were 12 trial units. The data were analyzed by variations analyzed at 5% and or 1% level, after that it was followed by orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the dose of bokashi had a significant effect (P<0,05) on plant height, fresh production, and dry production, but had no significant effect (P>0,05) on number of tillers, and percentage of stems. The effect of bokashi fertilizer on plant height was obtained by using the optimum bokashi dose of 36.73 tons/ha and the equation was = 60,13 + 35,38x - 6.62x2 [0 ; 50 ton/Ha] (P<0,01). The optimum dose was not obtained for the number of tillers, percentage of stems, fresh production, and dry production. Keywords: Plant height, Number of tillers, Percentage of stems, Fresh production, Dry production


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Angelita Aparecida Coutinho Picazevicz ◽  
Arnaldo Libório Santos Filho ◽  
Leonardo dos Santos França Shockness ◽  
Luana Silva Lima ◽  
Karoliny Fim da Silva ◽  
...  

The objective was to evaluate the effects of levels of compost and fertilization with NPK on growth and production of lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications, considering six levels of compost (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 g plant-1) and absence and presence fertilization with NPK. The evaluated parameters were number of total and commercial leaves, mass of fresh commercial and total aerial part, mass of commercial and total dry aerial part, dry root mass and total dry mass. There was an interaction between the drilocomposite and NPK fertilization for the evaluated parameters, except for root dry matter. The fertilization with NPK increased the growth and production of lettuce when there was no application of the compost. Likewise, that the levels of this fertilizer increased the growth and production of lettuce only in the absence of NPK. The application of drilocomposite increases the growth of lettuce plants and can replace fertilization with NPK.


2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMA Mondal ◽  
M Badruddin ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
AB Puteh

Four sesame genotypes viz., T6, SM4, SM7 and SM8 were verified with three levels of sulphur 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha including control. Factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, nitrate reductase, amino acid and total sugar in leaves, total dry mass production, total nitrogen accumulation in seeds and seed yield increased with sulphur application up to 20 kg S/ha. Application of 40 kg S/ha had no significant benefit on biochemical parameters, dry matter and seed yield of sesame though 35S uptake in seeds increased with increasing sulphur levels till 40 kg/ha. The biochemical traits and nutrients uptake were superior in SM4 than other genotypes which resulted in the highest seed yield of SM4. Among the sulphur levels, 20 kg S/ha showed the maximum seed yield in all the genotypes. Therefore, sulphur @ 20 kg/ha can be recommended for getting maximum productivity of sesame genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11076 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 7-13, 2012 (June)


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. PEREIRA, ◽  
N.V. COSTA, ◽  
G. MORATELLI ◽  
A.C.P. RODRIGUES-COSTA

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of biotypes of Digitaria insularis susceptible and resistant to glyphosate. Samples of biotypes were collected in Western Paraná in Cascavel, one susceptible (24o57'29.06" S and 53o30'23.73" W) and one resistant (24o54'54.99" S and 53o30'08.55" W; with Resistance Factor of 2.96). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of different plant collection timings, carried out at regular intervals of 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 and 112 days after emergence. The growth curve of susceptible and resistant biotypes were similar; however, the susceptible biotypes accumulated more leaf dry mass, while the resistant one accumulated more root dry mass. The resistant biotypes exhibited greater competitive efficiency and produced fewer tillers and inflorescences. The resistant biotype of D. insularis would have advantages over the original population of susceptible biotypes in an environment without application of glyphosate due to the low potential of aboveground biomass production and reproduction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Eggers Borges ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira

ABSTRACT Although the effects of aluminum on the content and accumulation of mineral nutrients in crops have been studied, but nothing is known about its effect on the nutritional efficiency of sugarcane. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum toxicity on nutritional efficiency, nutrient accumulation, and growth of sugarcane seedling. Sugarcane seedlings of the genotype IACSP95-5000, obtained from one-bud mini-cuttings (3 cm), were used in the test. Seedlings were subjected to treatments in a completely randomized design, with eight Al concentrations in the nutrient solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mg L−1) and three replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. Analyses determined the contents, accumulation, and absorption, transport, and use efficiency of macronutrients, micronutrients, and aluminum, in addition to dry matter production. The results show that Al affected all variables analyzed, with a decrease in the nutritional efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients and a drastic decrease in the accumulation of macronutrients in the aerial part, which reflected in the decrease in the dry matter of the plants. The root system was the most affected, with a decrease in growth of up to 60%. Aluminum reduced the use efficiency of nutrient in decreasing order: Ca (69%)> N (60%)> K (59%)> Mg (50%)> S (49%)> P (40%). As for micronutrients, the following decreasing order was observed: Fe (73%)> Zn (59%) = Cu (59%)> Mn (25%).


2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Silva Chaves ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Ledo ◽  
...  

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, managed under intermittent stocking. A completely randomized design was used, with two genotypes and three replicates. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations (2x2x2) of genotypes ('BRS Kurumi' and the clone CNPGL 00‑1‑3), two light interception levels (LI) at the onset of grazing (90 and 95%), and two post‑grazing canopy heights (30 and 50 cm). A total of 24 Holstein x Zebu crossbred heifers were used. The stocking density varied in order to finish the grazing periods in two days. The interval between the defoliation, based on 95% LI, resulted in a higher leaf mass per grazing cycle. The post‑grazing height of 30 cm did not affect the number of grazing cycles but provided a greater herbage accumulation rate. The cultivar BRS Kurumi has higher pasture growth, lower rest period, and greater number of grazing cycles, which results in increased forage production in the growing season.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Cleidson Alves da Silva ◽  
Jhonny Kelvin Dias Martins ◽  
João Batista Dias Damaceno ◽  
Bruna Firmino Enck ◽  
Douglas Revesse da Silva ◽  
...  

One of the most relevant factors for the formation of coffee crops is to use quality seedlings. However, the competition of weeds for nutrients and water from the soil can negatively affect your obtaining. Thus, the control of weeds in nursery is often dependent on the use of herbicides, considering that the manual activity is costly. In this way, this work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of weed control and the effects on the development of clonal seedlings of coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) by application of herbicides oxyfluorfen and pendimenthalin in nursery conditions. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 &times; 5, two herbicides: Pendimethalin and Oxifluorfen in five doses: corresponding to 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 L.ha-1 of commercial products. Was evaluated during the experiment the emergence of weeds and to end (140 days), were evaluated: seedling Height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of sheets, number of roots, root length, root volume, dry mass of roots and shoot dry matter. There was significant effect for seedling height, shoot dry matter and total dry mass, in which the pendimethalin caused damage to seedlings in comparison to oxyfluorfen. The use of the herbicides Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen obtained satisfactory control of weeds with application of 1080g and 648 g a.i. ha-1, respectively.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Otavio Bagiotto Rossato ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jorge Martinelli Martello

FITOMASSA E ACUMULO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SOB COMPACTAÇÃO E UMIDADE DO SOLO  OTAVIO BAGIOTTO ROSSATO1; JORGE MARTINELLI MARTELLO2; CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL3  1Professor do Instituto Federal Catarinense, CEP 89700-000, Concórdia, SC, Brasil.E-mail: [email protected] em Agronomia – Energia na Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 18610-307, 237, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.E-mail: [email protected] do Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CEP 18610-307, 237, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO O experimento foi realizado em tubos de PVC, em casa de vegetação, usando um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial (4x3x2), equivalente a quatro variedades, 3 níveis de compactação do solo na camada de 0,20 a 0,30 m (1,35; 1,45 e 1,55 Mg m-3) e 2 teores de água no solo (70% e 90% da capacidade de campo). Aos 72 dias após emergência da plantas foram avaliadas a massa seca de raízes e parte aérea e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S acumulados na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar. O maior nível de umidade no solo propiciou aumento na produção de matéria seca de raiz e da parte aérea além de maior acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar, independentemente da variedade e nível de compactação. Além disso, na variedade RB72454 obteve-se maior produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e maior acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S que as demais variedades quando sob maior disponibilidade de água no solo. O maior nível de compactação do solo promoveu redução na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e no acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na parte aérea da cana-de-açúcar, independentemente da variedade utilizada. Em solos com menor disponibilidade de água (70%CC), o maior nível de compactação do solo (1,55 Mg m-3) promoveu redução na produção de biomassa da parte aérea e no acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca e Mg.  Palavras-Chaves: Saccharum spp, teor de água no solo, densidade, matéria seca, raiz, nutrientes, parte aérea.  ROSSATO, O. B.; MARTELLO, J. M.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND MACRONUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN SUGARCANE GROWN UNDER LEVELS OF COMPACTION AND SOIL MOISTURE      2 ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in PVC tubes, in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial arrangement (4x3x2) equivalent to four varieties, three levels of soil compaction in the layer 0.20 to 0.30 m (1.35, 1.45 and 1.55 Mg m-3) and two soil moisture contents (70% and 90% of field capacity). 72 days after the plants emergence the dry mass of roots and shoots and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S contents accumulated in shoots of sugarcane were assessed. The results show that the higher moisture level in the soil led to increases in dry matter production of shoots and roots besides higher accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in sugarcane shoots regardless of the variety and level of compaction. In addition, variety RB72454 provided greater shoots with dry matter and higher accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on shoots than in other varieties under greater availability of water in the soil. The highest level of soil compaction promoted reduction in shoot dry matter production and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg on shoots of sugarcane regardless of the variety used. On soils with lower water availability (70% of field capacity), the highest level of soil compaction (1.55 Mg m-3) promoted a reduction on shoot biomass production and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Keywords: Saccharum spp, soil water content, density, dry matter, root, nutrients, shoot.


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
M. Nur Husin

The effect of liquid organic fertilizing NASA on nitrogen root nodule and production of siratro ABSTRACT.  A study was carried out in Experimental Farm and Laboratory for Animal Nutrition of the Faculty of Agriculture in Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh to know the dose of liquid organic fertilizing (LOF) NASA on nitrogen root nodule and production of Siratro plants. The study use pot (plastic bag) containing 15 kg of soil. The soil type was of kind of Alluvial. Experimental design was of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment with LOF NASA was of 0.00 cc/l water, 2.50 cc/l water, 5.00 cc/l water, 7.50 cc/l water, and 10 cc/l water. Result showed that a maximum nitrogen root nodule of Siratro 8.54 mg/m2/day and maximum dry matter production of Siratro 2.26 g/m2/day was founded at 10 cc/l water LOF NASA.


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