scholarly journals STYLUS PROFILOMETRY IN SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS OF THE VERTICAL CONICAL MIXING UNIT USED IN A FOOD INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kapłonek ◽  
M. Ungureanu ◽  
K. Nadolny ◽  
P. Sutowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Roughness Profile ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Roughness Measurements

In the paper, use of stylus profilometry technique in measurements of surface roughness parameters of technological equipment used in the food industry has been demonstrated. The assessment of internal surfaces of the vertical conical mixing unit and its components was carried out by the use of stylus instrument Hommel-Tester T-8000 supported bythe HommelMap Basic 3.1 software. The obtained values of selected roughness (profile) parameters (Ra, Rq, Rp, Rv and Rz) as well as results of the others carried out analysis (Abbott-Firestone curves, graphical studies of Sk parameters) confirmed the correctness of machining process of the assessed surfaces, despite fact, that measurement process were complicated dueto their large size and weight.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of C-Band SAR Polarimetric Variables to the Directionality of Surface Roughness Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2210
Author(s):  
Zohreh Alijani ◽  
John Lindsay ◽  
Melanie Chabot ◽  
Tracy Rowlandson ◽  
Aaron Berg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Retrieval Models ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Roughness Measurements

Surface roughness is an important factor in many soil moisture retrieval models. Therefore, any mischaracterization of surface roughness parameters (root mean square height, RMSH, and correlation length, ʅ) may result in unreliable predictions and soil moisture estimations. In many environments, but particularly in agricultural settings, surface roughness parameters may show different behaviours with respect to the orientation or azimuth. Consequently, the relationship between SAR polarimetric variables and surface roughness parameters may vary depending on measurement orientation. Generally, roughness obtained for many SAR-based studies is estimated using pin profilers that may, or may not, be collected with careful attention to orientation to the satellite look angle. In this study, we characterized surface roughness parameters in multi-azimuth mode using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). We characterized the surface roughness parameters in different orientations and then examined the sensitivity between polarimetric variables and surface roughness parameters; further, we compared these results to roughness profiles obtained using traditional pin profilers. The results showed that the polarimetric variables were more sensitive to the surface roughness parameters at higher incidence angles (θ). Moreover, when surface roughness measurements were conducted at the look angle of RADARSAT-2, more significant correlations were observed between polarimetric variables and surface roughness parameters. Our results also indicated that TLS can represent more reliable results than pin profiler in the measurement of the surface roughness parameters.

New In-Situ Technology for Marine Diesel Engine Crankshaft Renovation and its 3D Surface Texture Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toms Torims ◽  
Branko Katalinic ◽  
Andris Ratkus ◽  
Janis Vilcans ◽  
Marcis Zarins
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Crankshaft Journal ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Engine Crankshaft

Repairing marine diesel engine crankshafts is a significant part of overall engine repairs and thus is very important for the ship building and ship repair industry. When a ship’s diesel engine is repaired, crankshaft journal surfaces must be renewed according to very precise geometrical and surface roughness requirements. Although current technologies are sufficient to meet these requirements, they are very time consuming and consequently expensive. A comprehensive research into the surface machining of marine diesel engine crankshaft journals allowed to improve technological processes and to identify respective surface roughness parameters, as well as to provide appropriate technological recommendations. It is important to note that crankshaft journal surfaces must be seen as 3D objects, whose micro-topographical surface roughness parameters have to be defined so that they reflect the actual surface. To summarize all available scientific research in this field, we can state that there has been no analysis into the impact of technological regimes on the surface micro-topography of marine engine crankshaft journals. Bearing in mind the aforementioned arguments a study has been launched to develop a novel grinding technology, enabling diesel engine crankshafts with medium-sized crankpin journals to be repaired directly inside the engine housing. This paper covers the following issues: 1) Description of the novel technological equipment for crankshaft journal grinding; 2) 3D roughness model of the crankshaft journal surface; 3) calculation of 3D parameters based on practical metrological and technological characteristics. This technology saves significant financial resources as well as reduces engine repair time. By solving problems related to surface accuracy, it is possible to considerably improve the crankshaft machining process, along with the performance of maintenance operations and consequently the overall quality of repair work. In this paper, the crankshaft journal surfaces will be defined using 3D surface roughness parameters.

scholarly journals Possibilities of applying motif group parameters for description roughness of turned surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Maciej Kowalski ◽  
Magdalena Wiśniewska ◽  
Paweł Karolczak ◽  
Jozef Holubjak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Iso Standards ◽  
Longitudinal Turning ◽  
Roughness Measurements

This article explores the methodology of assessing the applicability of roughness parameters from the motif group to the evaluation of one-way and periodic geometrical surface structures. The results of surface roughness measurements of aluminum samples turned with variable kinematic parameters were presented. Usability of using surface motifs in combination with selected parameters described in ISO standards for assessment of geometrical structures characteristic for longitudinal turning was shown.

Effect of Vanadium Addition on the Surface Roughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Railroad Wheel Using Twin Disc Wear Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Rezende ◽  
G.A. Amorim ◽  
D.J. Minicucci ◽  
S.T. Fonseca ◽  
P.R. Mei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Railroad Wheel ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
Sliding Test ◽  
Roughness Measurements ◽  
Scanning Electron

To verify the effect of 0.13 % vanadium addition (% in weight) on the wear resistance of a railroad wheel steel with 0.7 % carbon, twin-disc rolling-sliding test were performed. These two steels were named 7V and 7C. The test discs were analyzed to verify the superficial conditions and wear mechanisms using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and roughness measurements. After 100,000 cycles running it was concluded that without the presence of debris, the 7V steel presented a reduction in 35 % the mass loss compared to 7C steel. For the 7V steel, in the test without debris, the discs presented small cracks (10 μm long), very near (3 μm deep) the surface, but in the test with the presence of debris, the disc surfaces presented delaminated material and long cracks (100 μm long) faraway from surface (up to 72 μm deep). The presence of debris also increased the roughness parameters in 7V steel: average Rz jumped from near 6 μm in the steel without debris to near 26 μm in the steel with debris.

Influence of Some Factors on Surface Roughness Parameters at Electrical Discharge Machining

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Ciubotariu ◽  
Adrian Câcu ◽  
Ioana Andreea Rotundu ◽  
Marius Marian Cucoş ◽  
Margareta Coteaţă
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

There are various electrical discharge machining techniques and experimental researches could be necessary in order to establish the operating conditions for an optimal machining process. Some theoretical considerations concerning the process of generating the surface asperities as a consequence of the electrical discharge machining process were elaborated. Experimental method was applied in order to evaluate influence exerted by some input factors (pulse on time, pulse off time, average intensity of electric current) on certain surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Ry and Rq). One developed an experimental research by using a copper tool electrode and a workpiece made of high speed steel, in accordance with the requirements specific to a complete factorial experiment with three independent variables at three levels. A ram electrical discharge machine was used as machining equipment. One measured the surface roughness parameters specific to the machined surfaces. Empirical mathematical models of type power functions were established by using the method of least squares.

Characterisation of abrasive worn surfaces by surface microtopography parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barányi ◽  
G. Kalácska ◽  
Patrick De Baets
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Surface Microtopography ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Roughness Measurements

Surface microtopography plays a dual role in the course of friction and wear processes. It affects the contact and temperature conditions, and it undergoes significant changes in accordance with the wear mechanism. The amplitude, spacing, hybrid and functional parameters of microtopographies provide opportunities for understanding more deeply the wear process. Wear experiments and surface roughness measurements before and after the wear were performed. The aim of this study was to define the availability of the roughness parameters to describe the microtopography modification during the abrasive tribological process.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cutting Data and Tool Inclination Angles During Hard Milling with CBN Tools, Based on Force Predictions and Surface Roughness Measurements

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Matras ◽  
Wojciech Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Feed Rate Optimization ◽  
Roughness Measurements

This work deals with technological considerations required to optimize the cutting data and tool path pattern for finishing the milling of free-form surfaces made of steel in a hardened state. In terms of technological considerations, factors such as feed rate, workpiece geometry, tool inclination angles (lead and tilt angles) and surface roughness are taken into account. The proposed method is based on calculations of the cutting force components and surface roughness measurements. A case study presented in the paper is based on the AISI H13 steel, with hardness 50 HRC and milling with a cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool. The results of the research showed that by modifications of the feed value based on the currently machined cross-sectional area, it is possible to control the cutting force components and surface roughness. During the process optimization, the 9% and 15% increase in the machining process efficiency and the required surface roughness were obtained according to the tool inclination angle and feed rate optimization procedure, respectively.

Measurements of Surface Roughness in Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Ceramic Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Wdowik ◽  
Marek Magdziak ◽  
Janusz Porzycki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Hybrid Machining Process ◽  
Roughness Measurements

The paper presents the results of investigations regarding surface roughness measurements in ultrasonic assisted grinding of selected ZrO2 based ceramic material. There are different results, in the area of surface roughness measurements, presented in the literature. The entry data of hybrid machining process (e.g. grinding wheel type, feed, machining strategy or process variant) may influence these results. The analysis of literature encourages to take up the investigations of surface quality in ultrasonic assisted machining. These investigations may be performed for specific ceramic products and technological tasks which are commonly applied in ceramic machining processes. The knowledge about the machining of ceramic materials in different sintering states is very limited. Based on this finding, ultrasonic assisted and conventional machining processes of ZrO2 based ceramic material in different sintering states were investigated.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Roughness of Finished Wood Floors and Slip Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Josip Miklečić ◽  
Vlatka Jirouš-Rajković
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Dry Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Roughness Measurements

The present study investigates the relationship between the roughness of beech wood and oak wood surfaces treated with oil and polyurethane coating and the slip resistance in dry, water-wet and oily conditions. Pendulum tests were conducted for slip resistance assessment, and roughness measurements were performed by stylus instrument using Ra, Rt, Rp, Rz and Rsm parameters for surface roughness evaluation. Slip potential in dry conditions was low for all finished wood floors studied. Contamination of the surface with water and oil reduced the slip resistance of finished oak and beech flooring. The strong negative correlation was found between slip resistance on dry finished flooring and roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rt and Rp, and positive correlation between slip resistance on water-wet finished flooring and roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rt and Rp. Moreover, the correlations between roughness parameters Ra, Rt, Rp and Rz and slip resistance were very similar, and the roughness parameters correlated more strongly with the slip resistance on dry and water-wet surfaces than with the slip resistance on oil-wet surface. Comparison of the slip potential classifications of finished wood floors based on pendulum data and based on Rz surface roughness parameters showed that in some cases the Rz parameter appeared to overestimate the slip potential of the floors in wet conditions. The results confirm previous research that roughness measurements should only be used as a guide and should not be used as the only indicator of the slip potential of wood flooring materials.

Evaluation of Surface Roughness after Actively Rotary Turning Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Richard Joch ◽  
Jozef Pilc ◽  
Dana Stančeková ◽  
Izabela Miturska ◽  
Ingrid Görögová
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters

Increased emphasis on productivity and machining quality is the cause of constantly looking for progressive chip machining technologies to meet this requirement. One of this option is the use of specific turning with an actively driven tool. This unconventional turning method makes it possible to select higher feed values while keep the required tool life. However, it is important to identify the properties and all possible applications of such an actively driven tool during the machining process. The paper focuses on the resulting state of the machined surface of the workpiece in terms of surface roughness parameters due to the feed values. For the sake of clarity, the knowledge and findings of active rotation machining are compared to self-propelled rotary turning.

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