scholarly journals Cow Urine for Enhancement of Biogas Production and Fertilizer Quality of Biogas Slurry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
M. R. Fardous ◽  
M. S. Nasrin ◽  
M. E. Shakil ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. A. Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Gas Volume

To explore the potency of cow urine on biogas production and fertilizer quality of the biogas slurries, six experimental trials,  T0 (50% CD:50% Water) as control, T1 (10% CD:90% CU), T2 (20% CD:80% CU), T3 (30% CD:70% CU), T4 (40% CD:60% CU) and T5 (50% CD:50% CU) were constructed  by mixing cow dung (CD) and cow urine (CU). Cumulative gas volume was estimated for 30 days and the physicochemical properties of the slurries were evaluated. The cumulative gas volume of three trials (T3, T4 and T5) was higher than control (T0) and T5 showed maximum (28% over the control). Moreover, all of the trials except one (T1) showed higher gas yield than control (T0) of which maximum conversion of volatile solid (VS) to gas was obtained in T3. pH of the amended samples were above 7.0 (pH 7.00-7.42). Conductivity of the samples also increases (1.94-13.40 mS cm-1) with the increase in cow urine percentage. With respect to macronutrient (N, P, K) cow urine amended samples can be considered superior to the control one. Moreover, C/N ratio of all the amended samples were below 15 (4.7-14.0) and thus these are suitable for agronomic uses.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Sludge Limbah Biodigester untuk Meningkatkan Kecepatan Produksi Biogas dan Konsentrasi Gas Metan dalam Biogas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Heni Dwi Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C 30

<p><em>Sludge</em> hasil samping pengolahan kotoran sapi menjadi biogas masih mengandung bahan pencemar seperti E. coli, oleh karena itu apabila sludge dibuang langsung ke lingkungan akan menyebabkan pencemaran air, tanah, dan udara. Selama ini sludge hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk, padahal dalam sludge dimungkinkan masih mengandung mikroorganisme yang dapat mempercepat proses pembentukan biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan <em>sludge</em> biodigester dalam pembentukan biogas dan mengetahui perbandingan optimal komposisi limbah kotoran sapi dengan <em>sludge</em> biodigester sebagai rekomendasi dalam percepatan proses pembentukan biogas. <em>Sludge </em>biodigester merupakan limbah biogas setelah mengalami pengeraman selama 14 hari. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 3 macam digester dengan variasi komposisi yaitu digester-1 tanpa penambahan sludge biodigester, digester-2 dengan penambahan sludge biodigester sebesar 25%, digester-3 dengan penambahan<em> sludge</em> biodigester sebesar 50%. Volume digester sebesar 30 liter dan waktu pengeraman 14 hari. Parameter pendukung yang diuji meliputi: Volatile Solid (VS), dry content, kadar abu, temperatur, pH isian, komposisi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah biogas yang cenderung lebih baik dihasilkan oleh digester-2 dengan bahan campuran 75 % kotoran sapi dan 25 % sludge biodigester. Digester-2 memiliki kadar VS rata-rata 4,62 %, kadar abu 1,82 %, dry content 93,56 %, dengan volume total biogas sebesar 33,4 liter dan kandungan metana rata-rata sebesar 12,19 %. Secara keseluruhan biogas terbentuk pada umur isian 3 hari, dengan rentang suhu 26 °C–30 °C dan pH 6,82–7,44. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dengan adanya penambahan sludge biodigester (return sludge) mampu memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap produksi biogas jika dibandingkan tanpa adanya penambahan sludge biodigester.</p><p><em>Sludge byproduct of processing cow dung into biogas still contains pollutants such as E. coli, therefore if sludge is discharged directly into the environment it will cause water, soil and air pollution. So far, sludge is only used as fertilizer, whereas in sludge it is possible to still contain microorganisms that can accelerate the process of biogas formation. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of biodigester sludge in the formation of biogas and determine the optimal comparison of the composition of cow manure with biodigester sludge as a recommendation in accelerating the process of biogas formation. </em><em>Sludge biodigester is a biogas waste after experiencing incubation for 14 days. In this study used 3 kinds of digesters with variations in composition, namely digester-1 without the addition of biodigester sludge, digester-2 with the addition of biodigester sludge by 25 %, digester-3 with the addition of biodigester sludge by 50 %. The digester volume is 30 liters and the incubation time is 14 days. Supporting parameters tested include: Volatile Solid (VS), dry content, ash content, temperature, pH filled, gas composition. </em><em>The results showed that the amount of biogas that tends to be better produced by digester-2 with a mixture of 75 % cow dung and 25 % sludge biodigester. Digester-2 has an average VS content of 4.62 %, ash content of 1.82 %, dry content of 93.56 %, with a total biogas volume of 33.4 liters and an average methane content of 12.19 %. Overall biogas is formed at the age of 3 days, with a temperature range of 26 °C-30 °C and a pH of 6.82-7.44. This research shows that the addition of biodigester sludge (return sludge) can provide a better effect on biogas production when compared without the addition of biodigester sludge.</em></p>

scholarly journals VARIASI KOMPOSISI INPUT PROSES ANAEROBIK UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOGAS PADA PENANGANAN LIMBAH CAIR KOPI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Elida Novita ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Gas Volume

Generally, there are two methods of coffee processing beans that are the dry processing and wet processing. The wet coffee processing will produce waste water containing organic materials. The high contain of organic matter in coffee wastewater can be used as biogas through anaerobic process. The biogas production from this processcould have variation of volume and composition depends on their feeding. The purposes of this research were to find the best biogas volume would be produced based on variation of input in batch feeding method (1) and to reduce coffee wastewater concentration by anaerobic process (2). The researched procedures were inoculum production, incubating adaptation and variation of batch feeding into the anaerobic reactor (4 variations). The variation of batch feeding were (1) 1:1; (2) 3:1; (3) 3.7:0.3 for water and (4) 3.6 : 0.4 for cow dung. The highest biogas volume and pollution load reduction were occurred in batch feeding composition 1:1. The volume of biogas production was 250 mL at day 6 and the percentage of parameters reduction were COD 57.35% and BOD 57%. Based on this research, there were also increasing gas volume from day 2 (95 ml) up to day 6 (250 ml) in each batch. Keywords: anaerobic process, biogas, coffee wastewater treatment, input variation

scholarly journals Pengukuran Tekanan Absolut Biogas Berbahan Campuran Eceng Gondok Dan Kotoran Sapi

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Riswanto Riswanto ◽  
Sodikin Sodikin
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Data Graph ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Measured Pressure ◽  
Mixing Water

Biogas techniques is a way to produce energy with the anaerobic process by utilizing organic ingredients, one of which can be derived from herbs. The quality of biogas production can be viewed by performing the measurement of absolute pressure of biogas. Absolute pressure is the atmospheric pressure coupled with the measured pressure.  The magnitude of the pressure will affect the quality of the flame produced biogas. This study, using the method of observation, and measurements. As for the data analysis techniques,. The findings focused to find the different of biogas production by measuring the change in absolute pressure of biogas. Measurements are done using a manometer. The results obtained show that the introduction by using cow dung retrieved changes pressure biogas occurred on day 3 with pressure 140.565 N/m2, the characteristics of the data graph illustrates the R2 = 0.677. Different results are indicated on the mixing water hyacinth with cow manure, biogas pressure changes happen on day 1 with the characteristic graph of a R2 = 0.976. This condition describes that the mixing of the water hyacinth and cow dung provides distinctions signifikant in accelerating the process of occurrence of biogas.

scholarly journals Biogas production from cow dungs using a modified fixed-dome digester

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Mtamabari Simeon Torbira ◽  
Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Design And Construction

A modified fixed dome digester with stirring mechanism has been designed and constructed and used for the anaerobic digestion of cow dung slurry at 5%-7% Total solid (TS) concentration within the mesophylic temperature range. The quality of biogas gas produced was between 54%-69% methane (CH4) content. The Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C: N) varied between 35:1 - 45:1. Total biogas yield obtained over the detention period was about 261 L. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded over the 95 days period was 32oC and 25 oC respectively. The volume of biogas yield, Vb (m3) was observed to increase with the percentage total solid, PTS (%). The details of the design and construction of the biogas digester plant and its cost are reported. The performance of the plant was very satisfactory. Investigation into the anaerobic digestion revealed that cow dung has great potentials for generation of biogas.

scholarly journals Biogas Quantity and Quality from Digestion and Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Cow Dung

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
O.M. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Single Substrate ◽  
Cumulative Volume

The aim of this study is to assess the quantity and quality of biogas produced from single substrate digestion of food waste and cow dung as well as co-digestion of food waste and cow dung. Laboratory sized 25 litre plastic biodigesters were used in this study and the digestion processes was carried out for a 30 day retention period. The results revealed that the cumulative biogas production for the single substrate digestion of cow dung was 7,975 ml, the cumulative biogas produced for the single substrate digestion of food waste was 7,742.5 ml while the cumulative volume of biogas produced for the co-digestion of cow dung and food waste was 16,482.5 ml. The results also showed that the total volume of methane produced for the single substrate digestion of cow dung was 955 ml while the total methane produced for the single substrate digestion of the food waste was 765. The total production of methane for the co-digestion of cow dung and food waste was found to be 2,655 ml. This study revealed that though the co-digestion process improved biogas quantity and quality, the percentage methane present in the biogas very low. There would be a need to stimulate the digestion and co-digestion process in order to improve the quality of biogas produced.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI SUBSTRAT CAMPURAN KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI PADI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS BIOGAS PADA DIGESTER SEMI KONTINYU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Oktafri Oktafri ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
Muhammad Rizki Zulyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Bright Blue ◽  
Biogas Productivity ◽  
Blue Flame

This study aims to determine the effect of substrate composition on biogas productivity from a mixture of cow dung and rice straw on semi-continuous digester.  Rice straw used taken from Way Galih Village, South Lampung, and fresh cow dung was obtained from Laboratory in Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  Biogas starter is filled with 26 liters of cow dung and water in 1: 1 ratio comparison based on weight. Then its being left for 4 day for stabilization. If the biogas production is stable, then substrate will be added with loading rate 0.5 liters / day, with 6 compositions of different cow dung and rice straw from the ratio of cow dung and elephant grass based on the following TS: P1 (75% : 25%), P2 (70% : 30%), P3 (65% : 35%), P4 (60% : 40%), P5 (55% :45%) dan P6 (50% : 50%). Parameters which observed in this study include daily temperature, pH, TS and VS substain, daily biogas volume, biogas productivity, and biogas quality.  The results showed that in 6 treatments had the same average pH of 6,8.  The average temperatures on the morning were 26,37 °C, 26,29 °C, 26,24 °C, 26,22 °C, 26,28°C, and 26,26 oC while in the afternoon respectively 29,58 °C, 29,47 °C, 29,48 °C, 29,49 °C,2 9,57 °C, and 29,61 oC.  The total biogas production is 185,5 liter, 284,25 liter, 186,85 liter, 448,15 liter, and 108,55 liter, respectively for P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 with biogas productivity sequentially is 378,66 l/kg VSr, 684,87 l/kg VSr, 378,76 l/kg VSr, 1498,02 l/kg VSr, 587,21 l/kg VSr and 395,95 l/kg VSr.  The quality of biogas through the flame test produces a bright blue flame color.

scholarly journals Anaerobic co-digestion cow dung and corn stalk - effect of corn stalk pre-treated timing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Le Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Ai Lam ◽  
Thi Diem Trang Nguyen ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
In The Beginning

The study was aimed to investigate the effect of corn stalk pre-treatment duration on biogas production when cow dung and corn stalk was co-digested in an anaerobic digestion. Corn stalks were pre-treated in different durations: 2-days, 5-days, and 8-days before being added to cow dung into anaerobic co-digesters. The experiments were set up randomly by using triplicate batch anaerobic apparatus in 21 L containers that run in 60-days. The mixing ratio between a corn stalk and cow dung was 50%: 50% (based on the volatile solid value of each material), but corn stalk was cut into small pieces with around 10 cm length, while the cow dung was air dried. The results of the study indicated that all operation parameters such as temperature, pH, and alkalinity in the anaerobic batch were suitable for biogas production. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in total gas produced in the pre-treated 5-days treatment (206.4±8.4 L) compared to 2-days (153.4±9.6 L), and 8-days ones (174±11.1 L). The biogas yield of the pre-treated 2-days, 5-days, and 8-days treatments were 392.7±9.8 L/kg VSfermented, 469.8±10.1 L/kg VSfermented and 497.1±13.3 L/kg VSfermented, respectively, that was not significantly different (5%). In all treatments, low concentration of methane in the beginning phase had been observed but increased and reached the optimum value for energy use after 10 days. The result of the study showed that it is preferable to have 5-days pre-treatment of corn stalk before the corn stalk is loaded to an anaerobic digester in combination with cow dung. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thời gian xử lý thân cây bắp lên năng suất sinh khí khi ủ phối trộn phân bò và thân cây bắp trong điều kiện yếm khí. Ba mức thời gian xử lý thân cây bắp được chọn là 2 ngày, 5 ngày, và 8 ngày. Các thí nghiệm được bố trí ngẫu nhiên trong các bình ủ yếm khí theo mẻ 21 L, vận hành trong 60 ngày liên tiếp và có 3 lần lặp lại. Nguyên liệu ủ được phối trộn theo tỷ lệ 50% phân bò và 50% thân bắp, trong đó thân bắp được cắt nhỏ cỡ 10 cm. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy tất cả các thông số pH, nhiệt độ, độ kiềm của mẻ ủ đều phù hợp để vận hành. Lượng khí sinh ra của các nghiệm thức xử lý ở 2 ngày, 5 ngày, 8 ngày được ghi nhận là 153,4±9,6 L, 206,4±8,4 L và 174±11,1 L; năng suất sinh khí của các nghiệm thức không khác biệt và đạt giá trị 392,7±9,8 L/kg VSphânhủy, 469,8±10,1 L/kg VSphânhủy và 497,1±13,3 L/kg VSphânhủy. Tất cả các nghiệm thức đều sản sinh lượng CH4 thấp ở giai đoạn đầu nhưng tăng dần theo thời gian ủ và đạt hiệu quả sử dụng sau 10 ngày ủ. Kết quả cho thấy có thể chọn mốc thời gian 5 ngày để xử lý thân cây bắp trước khi đưa vào hầm ủ biogas.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Giuditta Guerrini ◽  
Antonio Vivi ◽  
Sabrina Gioria ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Davide Magrì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA HAND AND BODY CREAM DENGAN PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA GEMITIR (Tagetes erecta L.) DAN BUNGA PACAR AIR MERAH (Impatiens balsamina L.) DARI LIMBAH CANANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Ika Paramitha ◽  
James Sibarani ◽  
Ni Made Suaniti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Basic Formula ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Microbial Numbers

ABSTRAK: Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan formula sediaan hand and body cream dengan memanfaatkan sumber antioksidan yang dimiliki oleh dua jenis ekstrak etanol yaitu ekstrak bunga pacar air merah (Impatiens balsamina L.) dan bunga gemitir (Tagetes erecta L.) dengan taraf perlakuan sebesar 1% dari masing-masing ekstrak (FPM dan FG) dan campuran 0,5% ekstrak pacar air merah dan 0,5% ekstrak gemitir (FCPMG). Pengujian terhadap  produk dilakukan pada sifat fisikokimia  meliputi pH, viskositas, aktivitas antioksidan, angka lempeng total mikroba, dan ukuran partikel. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan memiliki antioksidan yang cukup tinggi sebagai produk perawatan tubuh dengan penambahan 1% ekstrak etanol pacar air merah, gemitir dan campuran dari kedua ekstrak etanol. Kualitas produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan baik dan memenuhi standar mutu SNI dari aspek nilai pH, viskositas, dan nilai ALT. Warna yang dihasilkan mulai dari warna kuning kemerahan sampai dengan warna kuning, dan partikel yang dimiliki oleh produk adalah nanopartikel dengan sistem polidispersi. ABSTRACT: Formulations of hand and body creams using ethanol extracts of flowers of red Impatiens balsamina L. And Tagetes erecta L. As antioxidant sources have been developed.  One percent of  extracts (FPM and FG) and the mixture of 0.5% each extracts (FCPMG) were added to the basic formula. The analysis of physicochemical properties of the products was conducted including pH, viscosity, antioxidant activity, the size of the particles, and total microbial plate numbers. Based on the results, the quality of the hand and body creams meet the national standard of Indonesia (SNI) regarding to pH, viscosity, and the total microbial numbers. The colours of the hand and body creams resulted are reddish yellow to yellow with polydispersion nanoparticles.

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