scholarly journals Response of Some Medicinal Plants to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculations

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Karthikeyan ◽  
M. M. Joe ◽  
A. J. Cheruth
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

An investigation has been made about the response of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of G. fasciculatum on some medicinal plants. Medicinal plants species selected for the study are Ocimum sanctum, Catharanthus roseus, Coleus forskholii and Cymbopogon flexuosus. The percentage of VAM association is 85 and the intensity of formation of vesicles and arbuscules  are 70% and 30%, respectively in VAM inoculated C. roseus plants. The total dry matter production (shoot and root dry wt), protein and total chlorophyll contents are seen to increase in VAM inoculated plants. The percentage of increase is more in C. roseus, followed by Cymbopogon flexosus when compared to control plants. Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Coleus forskholii, Cymbopogon flexosus, Catharanthus roseus, VAM fungi.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1675 

EFFECT OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND CAPTAN ON GROWTH AND N2 FIXATION BY Rhizobium-INOCULATED FIELD BEANS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. N. KUCEY ◽  
R. BONETTI
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Beans

The effects of rhizobium inoculation, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and seed-applied captan on field bean growth and N2 fixation were studied under greenhouse conditions. 15N isotope dilution methods were used to measure N2 fixation in a soil containing indigenous Rhizobium phaseoli. Inoculation of rhizobia onto host plants increased N2 fixation by 50 – 82 mg N per plant compared with uninoculated controls. The incidence of nodulation was also increased by R. phaseoli inoculation. Addition of VAM to the soils increased bean dry matter production by 9 – 54% over plants not receiving VAM, and increased the N2 fixed by rhizobially-inoculated plants by 4 – 27 mg N per plant. VAM addition resulted in greater uptake of soil N by the plants. Inoculation of captan-treated field beans with inoculum derived from a captan-tolerant strain of R. phaseoli did not result in improved N2 fixation rates compared with inoculation with the nontolerant parent strain. Seed-applied captan reduced the proportion of nodules formed by both strains of added rhizobia, but did not result in decreased amounts of N2 fixed by the root systems. Captan did not reduce the effectiveness of VAM. Key words: Rhizobium phaseoli, captan, VA mycorrhizae, N2 fixation, 15N

scholarly journals Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chemical Constituents in Cotton/Alfalfa Mixed Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Mazen Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the extent of changes occurring in the nutrients, chlorophyll and protein of plants grown in cotton/alfalfa mixed culture as affected by inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment consisted of mycorrhizal treatments (with and without AMF inoculation) and three planting patterns (cotton monoculture, alfalfa monoculture, cotton/alfalfa mixed culture). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum previously isolated from a rhizospheric soil of cotton, was a mixture of Glomus intraradices, G. viscosum, and G. mosseae. Results showed that total chlorophyll and protein concentrations, and nutrients content were higher in AM cotton plants compared with the non-AM control. Mixed culture had a positive effect on all the above parameters in cotton shoot. The highest values were noted in AM plants in the mixed culture. Improved chemicals and biochemical constituents in cotton led to an increase in dry matter production. The highest dry matter was observed in the AM mixed culture, and was significantly higher by 1.4 times than that of non-AM monoculture.

Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in first, second and third cereal crops

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Buwalda ◽  
D. P. Stribley ◽  
P. B. Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

SUMMARYThe effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae(Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed.Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years. In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw. Plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue.Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments. In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P. In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation. Increases in yield resulting from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in concentration of P in plant tissue.Winter barley was sown on the plots after their use for spring wheat, without further application of the fumigation, inoculation or phosphorus treatments used in those experiments, to determine any residual effects on mycorrhizal infection and on growth. The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments. Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time.The effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than those on yields, suggesting that maximum effects of mycorrhizal infection on growth did not require the maximum levels of infection found in the roots. Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established, suggesting that the ability of the root system to absorb phosphate was not greatly increased by mycorrhizal infection.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the rhizospheric soil of some medicinal plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2459-2467
Author(s):  
Dhritiman Chanda ◽  
Madhumita Dey
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Spore Population

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the colony forming units of indigenous fungi and to study the diversity and Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) of some medicinal plants. The study was also aimed to estimate and isolate the Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore population from the rhizospheric soil of some important medicinal plants from the Botanical garden of College campus. All the selected medicinal plants i.e., Mentha sp. Ocimum sanctum, Bryophyllum sp. Adhatoda vasica, and Andrographis paniculata showed a very good diversity of rhizospheric soil fungi. The highest number of Colony forming unit (c.f.u) was estimated in Mentha sp (162/10-1) followed by Bryophyllum sp. (156/10-1), Andrographis paniculata (91/10-1), Adhatoda vasica (72/10-1) and Ocimum sanctum (68/10-1). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore population was also estimated in all the medicinal plants. The higest number of AM spores was estimated in Andrographis paniculata (121/50gm-1) followed by Ocimum sanctum (112/50gm-1), Adhatoda vasica (94/50gm-1), Bryophyllum sp.(89/50gm-1) and Mentha sp (75/ 50gm-1). The rhizospheric soil fungal diversity including mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus sp.) also was found to be beneficial for increasing the photosynthetic activity and uptake of phosphorus in medicinal plants. Thus, the use of AM inoculum can increase the yield of medicinal plants along with their secondary metabolites to utilize on a sustainable basis as a traditional and herbal medicine for the human welfare.

scholarly journals Acclimatization of Tapeinochilos ananassae plantlets in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Alberto de Lima Morais ◽  
Natoniel Franklin de Melo ◽  
Adriana Mayumi Yano‑Melo
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Gigaspora Albida

The objective of this work was to assess the potential of three isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote growth of micropropagated plantlets of Tapeinochilos ananassae during acclimatization. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in a completely randomized block design, with four inoculation treatments: non‑inoculated control and plants inoculated with Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora longula or Gigaspora albida, with ten replicates. After 90 days, the following parameters were evaluated: survival rate, height, leaf and tiller number, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, contents of macro‑ and micronutrients in the root and shoot, glomerospore number, and mycorrhizal colonization. The survival percentage was 100%, except for plants inoculated with G. albida (80%). The isolate G. etunicatum is more suitable for plant development, since it improves survival, growth, dry matter production, nutritional status, and vigor of T. ananassae micropropagated plants.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

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