scholarly journals Expression of Breast milk-an update

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Soofia Khatoon ◽  
Tamanna Begum ◽  
Nazma Begum
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Express Breast Milk ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
The Way

Breast feeding by sucking is the norm. However sometimes expression is the only way by which breast milk can be given to babies. There are many situations when expressing breast milk is useful and necessary to enable a mother to initiate or to continue breast feeding. Hand or breast pump are used to express breast milk. Hand expression is the most preferred method. There are some mechanical pumps though pumps cause discomfort and are usually ineffective. The Marmet technique of expressing breast milk with hand is a fabulous alternative to using a breast pump. Until recently hand expression of breast milk has been as underutilized skill. However, there are many benefits of knowing how to express milk from the breast without the use of expensive and cumbersome breast pumps. Expressed breast milk can be feed by spoon, cup and nasogastric tube. It is essential to collect and store breast milk properly to prevent the risk of bacterial overgrowth. Feeding with breast milk is quite safe if done properly. It is important for every woman to learn to express the milk. Certainly all health workers who take care for breastfeeding mothers should be able to teach the way of expression of breast milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i2.14422 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(2):62-64

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and factors associated to feeding in babies with cleft palate

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Matías González Jara ◽  
Felipe Inostroza-Allende ◽  
Scarlette Norambuena Norambuena ◽  
Javiera Cornejo Farías
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Express Breast Milk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Manual Extraction

Breastfeeding can be affected in babies with cleft palate, due to various factors associated with feeding. The objective of the study was to relate the time of breastfeeding and the time to express breast milk with factors associated with feeding in babies between 0 and 6 months with cleft palate. Electronic records of care of 36 babies with cleft palate from a public hospital in Chile were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and father, perinatal and postnatal antecedents of the babies and general characteristics of feeding up to 6 months were extracted. The data were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and relationships were established with the Pearson and Spearman correlations. In the time of direct breastfeeding (days), significant differences were observed in: the babies who used a nasogastric tube (p = 0.009), the indication to express breast milk (p = 0.017), the presence of manual extraction of breast milk (p = 0.005) and the presence of electrical extraction of breast milk (p = 0.002). In addition, a positive correlation (p = <.001; r = 0.538) was recorded between the time of direct breastfeeding and the time of expressed breast milk. It is concluded that the longer the breastfeeding time, the longer the breast milk extraction time. Meanwhile, the time of breastfeeding was influenced by the use of a nasogastric tube, the expression of breast milk as a personal option, and the manual and electrical expression of breast milk.

scholarly journals Feeding Practices of Sick Newborns Admitted in Neonatal Ward of ICMH: Breast Milk as the Only Food

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nasima Akter ◽  
Soofia Khatoon ◽  
Wahida Khanom
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Nasogastric Tube Feeding ◽  
Neonatal Ward

Background: Breast milk is uniquely adopted most appropriate natural, preferred food for all infants including premature and sick newborns. It protects babies against many diseases and infections, better intelligence and greater academic achievement, lower risk for developing recurrent wheezing than children who were infant-formula fed. Objectives: The objective of the study is to see how early breast feeding could be started and when exclusive breast feeding could be established in admitted sick newborn. Materials and methods: This was a observational prospective study through a structured questionnaire conducted in Neonatal ward of Institute of Child and Mother Health. One hundred and sixty three sick newborns admitted in neonatal ward during November, 2005 to January, 2006 with weight more than 1200 gm, gestational age more than 32 weeks without major congenital anomaly were studied. Admitted babies were kept nill by mouth or nasogastric tube feeding and/or oral feeding as clinical condition permitted. Parenteral fluid was started as recommended daily fluid and gradually was advanced to oral or nasogastric tube feeding or spoon feeding of expressed breast milk as 1 to 3 hourly feeding which was individualized. During hospital stay, mothers were encouraged and motivated to breast feed and/or to expression of breast milk. Patients discharged when full breast feeding was established. Daily weight measurement and follow up were done after 7, 15, 30 days of discharge. Results: Among 330 admitted neonates, 163 were enrolled in this study. Mean age at presentation was 2.8 days. About one third of babies 55 (33.7%) had appropriate birth weight, seventy eight (47.8%) had perinatal asphyxia, and one third 55 (33.7%) had septicemia. Mean age of 1st feed was 2.9 days. Minimal and maximal days for initiation of breast feeding were 1st and 24th - day respectively. Mean days of full feeding was 3.6 days. About 67 (41%) of babies received and tolerated 1st feeding in between 24-72 hours and 48 babies (29.5%) in between 3rd-5th day. Out of 163 patients, weight gained in 22 (13%) babies during hospital stay. Average weight gain was 10 gram/day. Ninety two (55%) of study neonates needed assisted feeding with nasogastric tube. In spite of sickness breast feeding could be started in 22 (13.5%) neonates. Full feeding was established on 1st day in 44 (27%) of study neonates and in 80 (49%) neonates full feeding was established by 10 days. Expressed breast milk was from beginning in 66 (70%) of neonate. One hundred and thirty six neonates (83.4%) came for 1st follow up, 110 (67%) came for 2nd follow up, 144 (88%) babies came for 3rd follow up. Weight gain were found in 85%, 63.8%, 82% respectively. Conclusion: We can say from the present study that breast milk either by suckling or through nasogastric tube can safely be given to sick neonates under supervision and by that baby can maintained on normal weight gain. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i1.10365 BJCH 2011; 35(1): 1-5

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN TEKNIK PEMERAHAN ASI TANGAN DENGAN MANUAL BREAST PUMP TERHADAP KENYAMANAN IBU DAN KUALITAS ASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Siti Sopiatun ◽  
Heda Melinda N Natapawira ◽  
Meita Dhamayanti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The scope of exclusive breastfeeding is low caused by many factors, one of which is a working mother. The government supports the program of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers by promoting breastfeeding by expressed breast milk. Expressed breast milk can be done by hand and manual tools such as pump. Expressed breast milk can be influenced by mother’s experience and the pain at the time of expressing breast milk, this can lead to a sense of comfort. The differences in expressing techniques might lead to contamination of different bacteria and fungi. the purpose of this research is to analyze the differences in hand milking techniques and manual breast pump on the comfort of the mother and the quality of breast milk This was an observational study with cross sectional approach and conductive in Taman Sari district, Bandung. The samples were 35 mothers who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon and McNemar were used in examining mothers’ comfort and breast milk quality. The result of of comfort score showed 65.6 in hand expressed and 59.5 has in manual breast pump. There were several significant differences in expressing  techniques to mothers’comfort (p = 0.046). Hand expressing were contaminated by yeast (60%), total mesophilic bacteria (20%), and enterobacter (17.1%). Manual breast pump was contaminated by yeast (80%), total mesophilic bacteria (8.6%), and enterobacter (20%). Breast milk quality in hand expressed was better than the manual breast pump (p = 0.032). It was concluded that hand expressed more comfortable and had better quality  breast milk than manual breast pump techniques.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI WANITA USIA SUBUR TERHADAP RUANG LAKTASI DI INSTANSI PEMERINTAH WILAYAH KOTA DENPASAR TAHUN 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nyoman Triana Ayati ◽  
Ketut Hari Mulyawan ◽  
I Ketut Tangking Widarsa
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Express Breast Milk

ABSTRAKTantangan dalam pemberian ASI salah satunya dihadapi oleh para ibu bekerja yang merasa kesulitan untuk memberikan ASI maupun memerah ASI pada waktu kerja, baik dikarenakan tidak adanya fasilitas, cuti melahirkan yang tidak fleksibel sampai tidak diberikannya kesempatan menyusui. Pada tahun 2013 telah diterbitkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) nomor 15 tahun 2013 tentang tata acara penyediaan fasilitas khusus menyusui atau memerah air susu ibu seperti ruang laktasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang bekerja terhadap ruang laktasi di instansi pemerintah wilayah Kota Denpasar tahun 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 79 WUS yang bekerja. Pemilihan tempat kerja yaitu instansi pemerintah yang memiliki ruang laktasi di Wilayah Kota Denpasar dan pemilihan sampel secara stratified proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data pengetahuan dan persepsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 72,2% WUS memiliki pengetahuan baik, 27,8% memiliki pengetahuan cukup, dan tidak ada yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Untuk persepsi terhadap ruang laktasi didapatkan 64,6% WUS memiliki persepsi baik dan 35,4% memiliki persepsi kurang baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar WUS memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik serta lebih dari setengah memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap ruang laktasi. Disarankan agar menyediakan ruang laktasi sesuai dengan ketentuan serta mendukung ruang laktasi tersebut dengan meningkatkan peran tenaga kesehatan dan atasan tempat bekerja agar lebih mensosialisasikan pemanfaatan ruang laktasi.Kata Kunci: awareness, perception, lactation room, reproductive age women ABSTRACTWorking mothers faces challenges to provide exclusive breastfeedings due to limited facility to breastfed or to express breast milk within working hours, inflexible maternity leave and no breastfeeding time within working hours. In 2013, the Ministry of Health (MoH) adopted MoH regulation (Permenkes) No 15/2013 about standard procedure to provide breastfeeding or expressing breast milk facility, such those called as “ruang laktasi”/lactation room. This study aims to explore awareness and perception of reproductive age working women (WUS) on lactation room at governments institution in City of Denpasar in 2017. This was a descriptive quantitative study with cross-sectional design. Study sample were 79 WUS. Working places included on the study were those that have lactation room and samples were selected by stratified random sampling. Data on awareness and perception were collected using questionnaire and analysed with descriptive analysis. From the study, 72.2% WUS have good awareness, 27.8% have moderate awareness and none with low awareness. For the perception on lactation room, 64.6% WUS have good perception and 35.4% have lower perception on lactation room. It can be concluded that the majority of working women have good awareness, and more than half have good perception on lactation room. It is recommended to provide lactation room and to support improvement of lactation room by improving role of health workers and supervisors at work places to extend socialization of the lactation room.Keywords: pengetahuan, persepsi, ruang laktasi, WUS

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge and Practice about Self Expressed Breast Milk among Saudi Mothers in Jazan Region, KSA, 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karimah Mohammad Qutah ◽  
Safar A. Alsaleem ◽  
Abdullah Ahmed Najmi ◽  
Muteb Bawwah Zabbani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Aim: To assess mother's knowledge and attitude regarding self-expressed milk in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Study Area: An observational and cross sectional study done in Obstetric Department (Well Baby and immunization Clinics) in King Fahd Central Hospital (KFCH), Jazan, Saudi Arabia and in six PHCCs in Jazan (randomly selected) from  December 2016 - March 2017.  Pregnant women who delivered babies before and post-partum women in Obstetric departments, Obstetric outpatient clinic, mother’s in well baby, and immunization clinics in mentioned areas were included in the study. Stratified multistage sampling techniques were used.  N = 499 Saudi mothers calculated according to survey system with confidence level % 95.  The questionnaire was self-administering questionnaire (in Arabic language).  All data processed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Shapiro-Wilk test. Kruskal-Wallis test used to see the association between level of knowledge and practice with demographic variables that contains more than 2 variables. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used. Results: Total of 499 mothers was participating aged 30±7 years with mean number of kids 2.98 ± 2. Mothers heard about self-expressed breast milks accounts 73.5% and 236 mothers of them were practice it. Both level of knowledge and practice accuracy were inadequate. Around one third of mothers heard about it from social media. More than third of the women practice it because of work related issues. The higher the educational level was the higher knowledge (p<0.001). Age and number of kids, has no statistically significant effect on the knowledge level (P = 0.417, 0.285).  Working mothers have higher knowledge level than house wife and students (p<0.001), nurses especially who toke breast feeding teaching have higher knowledge level than physicians then teachers (p<0.001). Mothers who toke their knowledge from breast feeding courses have the highest knowledge level followed by medical stuffs other than physicians followed by social media and internet websites then physicians then mothers and last are friends (p<0.001). Mothers with more accurate practice were more knowledgeable than mothers with less accurate practices (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mothers knowledge and practice regarding self-expressed breast milk needed to be improved in order to give the babies better chance for exclusive breast feeding. Breast feeding courses for mothers give better results in term of accuracy of mother’s knowledge and practice of expressed breast milk.

Formula and complementary feeding

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
P Type

Bottle-feeding 32Type of formula feed 33Complementary feeding 34Although the WHO recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months and partial breast-feeding thereafter, it was recognized that some mothers would be unable, or would choose not to breast-feed, and that these mothers also deserved support to optimize their infant's nutrition. It is important that formula feeds are made up according to instructions and that both formula milk and expressed breast milk is handled in a way that minimizes the risk of bacterial proliferation in the feed. Some simple guidelines are given below: ...

scholarly journals An observational study on breast feeding Success among postnatal mothers

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 009-013
Author(s):  
Sabitha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Postnatal Mothers ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Background: Under modern health care, human breast milk is considered the healthiest form of milk for babies. It also promotes the health of both mother and infant and helps to prevent disease.1 WHO states that, the vast majority of mothers can and should breast feed, just as the vast majority of infants can and should be breast fed.5 Purpose: The current study has aimed to determine the breastfeeding success among postnatal mothers. Methods: A descriptive survey approach was conducted on 50 postnatal mothers who were in the postnatal wards of a selected hospital. Observational checklist with 26 items were utilized to collect data. Results: Through descriptive analysis it was found that majority (44%) of mothers were in the age group of 20 – 25 years. Majority (68%) were Hindus. In type of delivery 84% had full term normal delivery. With regards to parity, 44% were multis. In relation to sex of the baby, 68% were females. The condition of the mother and the baby after delivery was good and normal in 100%. An observational checklist on breastfeeding success shows that the success rate on breastfeeding was high. There were 4 items such as getting ready to feed, Latching on, Feed itself and after feed and each item had 4 to 8 specific items on observational checklists on breastfeeding which indicates that in most of the mothers breastfeeding was a success. By inferential statistics it was found that type of delivery is associated with breast feeding (P < 0.05). Since all other p values are more than 0.05 there was no association between those selected demographic variables with breast feeding at 5% level of significance. Conclusion:Breast feeding is an age-old practice among most of the post-natal mothers to feed their young ones. In India, most of the mothers, practice giving breast milk to babies for about 1 to 2 years. Assistance by the health workers is not much sought as most of the bystanders assist the mothers in breast feeding. In the present study also, we have come across mothers successfully breastfeeding their babies and they are contented.

scholarly journals Colostrum avoidance, prelacteal feeding and late breast-feeding initiation in rural Northern Ethiopia

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2029-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki L Rogers ◽  
Jemilla Abdi ◽  
Dennis Moore ◽  
Sarah Nd'iangui ◽  
Linda J Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Almost All

AbstractObjectiveTo identify specific cultural and behavioural factors that might be influenced to increase colostrum feeding in a rural village in Northern Ethiopia to improve infant health.DesignBackground interviews were conducted with six community health workers and two traditional birth attendants. A semi-structured tape-recorded interview was conducted with twenty mothers, most with children under the age of 5 years. Variables were: parental age and education; mother's ethnicity; number of live births and children's age; breast-feeding from birth through to weaning; availability and use of formula; and descriptions of colostrum v. other stages of breast milk. Participant interviews were conducted in Amharic and translated into English.SettingKossoye, a rural Amhara village with high prevalence rates of stunting: inappropriate neonatal feeding is thought to be a factor.SubjectsWomen (20–60 years of age) reporting at least one live birth (range: 1–8, mean: ∼4).ResultsColostrum (inger) and breast milk (yetut wotet) were seen as different substances. Colostrum was said to cause abdominal problems, but discarding a portion was sufficient to mitigate this effect. Almost all (nineteen of twenty) women breast-fed and twelve (63 %) reported ritual prelacteal feeding. A majority (fifteen of nineteen, 79 %) reported discarding colostrum and breast-feeding within 24 h of birth. Prelacteal feeding emerged as an additional factor to be targeted through educational intervention.ConclusionsTo maximize neonatal health and growth, we recommend culturally tailored education delivered by community health advocates and traditional health practitioners that promotes immediate colostrum feeding and discourages prelacteal feeding.

IMPROPER ADVERTISING OF BABY FOODS CONDEMNED

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-307
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The Public ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Dietary Education

Very strict rules should be adopted for the advertising of children's foods. Publicity for breast milk substitutes should in no case be aimed directly at the public or at families. Publicity for ready-made baby foods should make it quite clear that they are not intended for children of less than three months. The distribution of free samples and other means of sales promotion should be prohibited for everything relating to food for the young child. These are some of the conclusions reached by members of a WHO Working Group who met in Algiers from 26 to 30 October 1976 in order to study the problems of nutrition in relation to public health. The meeting was organized by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and in attendance were experts from 10 countries in the Region and representatives from FAO and WHO. The necessity for better dietary education of the public and health workers and for emphasizing the value of breast-feeding was clearly stated, the themes to be stressed depending on the general socioeconomic status of the country or the area. For example, in industrialized countries where milk preparations for infants are easily available, stress should be laid primarily on the "immunological" advantages of breast milk and on the importance of infants being breastfed for at least six weeks. In developing countries the crucial nature of breast-feeding in the prevention of infections and malnutrition should be stressed.

Breastfeeding Pattern and its Associated Factors Among Mothers Working at Two Hospitals in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Srijana Basnet ◽  
Merina Shrestha ◽  
Tulashi Adhikari ◽  
Aarati Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Introduction: Breastfeeding practices of women working at the hospital are likely to be modified by the facilities and support that they receive at the hospital. This study was done to evaluate the breast feeding practices and to analyse important factors that are associated with exclusive breast feeding till six months among women working at hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal Methods: A total of 110 women, with a young child between the ages of six months and two years were recruited from two hospitals in Kathmandu. A predesigned structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 29.85 ± 3.68 years. Ninety seven (88.2%) women were aware about initiation of breastfeeding within first hour of birth but only 64 (58.2%) women could practice it. Most women 100 (90.9%) were aware about exclusive breastfeeding but only 18 (16.3%) could practice exclusive breastfeeding till six months.  Mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.86 ± 2.00 months and 20 (18.2%) mothers practiced mixed feeding since birth. The participants whose babies had prelacteal feeding had significantly shorter duration of mean exclusive breast feed {1.92 ± 2.18 (S.D)} compared to those who did not have prelacteal feed {3.33 ± 1.74 (S.D)}  (p = 0.001). Those who delivered by normal vaginal delivery, initiated breastfeeding within first hour of delivery, expressed breast milk and got feeding breaks were associated with longer duration of mean exclusive breast feed. Conclusion: The breast feeding practices among working women at hospital is quite low compared to national statistics on IYCF. Breast milk expression and feeding breaks for lactating working women could improve feeding practices.

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