scholarly journals Kangaroo Mother Care: A Simple Method to Care for Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khursheda Akhtar ◽  
Musarrat Haque ◽  
Soofia Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Incubator Care

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an effective way to meet baby's needs for warmth, breastfeeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love. Mother acts as an incubator as kangaroo and put low birth infant vertically in between the chest for warming. The term kangaroo care is derived from practical similarities to marsupial care-giving. The premature infant is kept warm in the maternal pouch and is close to the breasts for unlimited feeding. It provides an alternative to incubator care, without separation from the mother. The importance of KMC in low- and middle-income countries has been highlighted as a contributing factor to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal 4 that targets a reduction by two-thirds of under-five mortality rates from 1990 to 2015. This programme is mediated by humoral, autonomic and somatic behaviours, expressed ultimately as innate competency in breastfeeding behaviours. It is simple, acceptable to mothers and can be continued at home.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16256 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):49-54

scholarly journals Penurunan Kecemasan Ibu dan Perbaikan Status Bangun-Tidur BBLR melalui Perawatan Metode Kanguru

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qori’Ila Saidah ◽  
Yeni Rustina ◽  
Nani Nurhaeni
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wake State

AbstrakKondisi klinis dan perawatan di ruang rawat intensif pada Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) mempengaruhi status banguntidurnyadan menyebabkan kecemasan pada ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh perawatan metode kanguruterhadap kecemasan ibu dan status bangun-tidur BBLR. Rancangan penelitian one group pretest posttest design dengan sampel16 ibu dan BBLR di sebuah rumah sakit Surabaya secara consecutive sampling. Kecemasan ibu diukur dengan PSS: NICU danstatus bangun tidur dengan modifikasi skala Brazelton oleh Priya. Hasil analisis uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon Sign RankTest dan uji Friedman menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna (p= 0,000; α= 0,05). PMK mempunyai pengaruh signifikanterhadap perubahan kecemasan ibu dan status bangun-tidur BBLR. Tenaga kesehatan disarankan mengembangkan PMK untukpeningkatan status kesehatan ibu, juga tumbuh kembang bayi yang optimal.Kata kunci: kecemasan ibu, perawatan metode kangguru, status bangun-tidur BBLR.AbstractClinical condition and treatment at Low Birth Weight Infants (LBW) in the intensive care unit affects sleep-wake status andcauses anxiety for the mother. The aims of this study is to identify the influence of methods of kangaroo care on maternalanxiety and sleep-wake status of LBW. The design of this study was one group pretest posttest design with sample of 16 mothersand low birth weight in a hospital in Surabaya by consecutive sampling. Maternal anxiety was measured with the PSS: NICUand sleep-wake status with Brazelton scale modified by Priya. The result of statistical analysis test using Wilcoxon Sign RankTest and Friedman test showed there are significant difference (p= 0.000; α= 0.05). KMC has a significant influence onchanges in maternal anxiety and sleep-wake status of LBW. Health care provider are recommended to develop KMC forimprovement of maternal health status, as well as the optimal infant growth and development.Keywords: maternal anxiety, kangaroo mother care, sleep-wake state in low birth weight baby

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis on the Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Preterm Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Esterlita T. Villanueva-Uy ◽  
Michael Q. Van Haute ◽  
Erena S. Kasahara ◽  
Socorro De Leon-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Background. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a low-cost but high-impact intervention for preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. Objectives. To determine the effect of KMC on in-hospital mortality among preterm and LBW infants, taking into consideration their gestational age, birth weight, income category of the country of birth, and medical stability. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive search of several databases, as well as local listings of research papers, was performed to look for randomized controlled studies with KMC as intervention, and mortality and length of hospitalization as outcome measures. The risk of bias and publication bias was assessed. We did subgroup analyses based on income category of the country of birth, gestational age, birth weight, and medical stability of the infants. Results. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1738 infants in the KMC group and 1674 infants in the control group were included. Based on the GRADE approach, although all the studies were RCTs, the evidence is assessed as moderate certainty due to the nature of the intervention (KMC) that prevented blinding. There was a 41% reduction in risk of dying among preterm and low birth weight infants who received KMC compared to conventional medical care (3.86%% vs 6.87%; RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44, 0.79; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat for additional benefit (NNTB) = 34; 16 RCTs; 3,412 infants). Furthermore, there were also reductions in the risk of dying among infants who were <34 weeks AOG (KMC: 4.32% vs CMC: 8.17%, RR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38, 0.79; I2 = 0%; NNTB = 26; 10 RCTs; 1795 infants), with birthweight of >1500 g (KMC: 3.97% vs CMC: 6.83%, RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.45, 0.82; I2 = 0%; NNTB = 35; 10 RCTs; 2960 infants), and born in low- and middle income countries (LMIC) (3.77% vs 6.95%; RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.43, 0.77; I2 = 0%; NNTB = 32; 14 RCTs; 3281 infants). There was a significant reduction in mortality (KMC: 11.05% vs CMC: 20.94%; RR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.34, 0.87; I2 = 0%; NNTB = 11; 5 RCTs; 387 infants) even among medically unstable infants who received KMC compared to those who did not. The length of hospitalization did not significantly differ between the KMC and the control groups. Due to high heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed, which showed a trend towards a shorter length of hospital stay among preterm infants <34 weeks AOG, with birthweight ≥1500 g, medically unstable during admission, and belonging to LMIC but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. There was moderate certainty evidence that KMC can decrease mortality among preterm and LBW infants. Furthermore, KMC was beneficial among relatively more premature, bigger, medically unstable preterm infants and born in low to middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Effects of Kangaroo Mother Care in the NICU on the Physiological Stress Parameters of Premature Infants: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Delia Cristóbal Cañadas ◽  
Antonio Bonillo Perales ◽  
Rafael Galera Martínez ◽  
María del Pilar Casado-Belmonte ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Incubator Care ◽  
Stress Parameters

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the randomised controlled trials that explored the effect of kangaroo mother care on physiological stress parameters of premature infants. Methods: Two independent researchers performed a systematic review of indexed studies in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Scopus. We included data from randomized controlled trials measuring the effects of kangaroo care compared to standard incubator care on physiological stress outcomes, defined as oxygen saturation, body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate. The PRISMA model was used to conduct data extraction. We performed a narrative synthesis of all studies and a meta-analysis when data were available from multiple studies that compared the same physiological parameters with the kangaroo method as an intervention and controls and used the same outcome measures. Results: Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. According to statistical analysis, the mean respiratory rate of preterm infants receiving KMC was lower than that of infants receiving standard incubator care (MD, −3.50; 95% CI, −5.17 to −1.83; p < 0.00001). Infants who received kangaroo mother care had a higher mean heart rate, oxygen saturation and temperature, although these results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that kangaroo care in the neonatal intensive care unit setting is a safe method that may have a significant effect on some of the physiological parameters of stress in preterm infants. However, due to clinical heterogeneity, further studies are needed to assess the effects of physiological stress in the neonatal intensive care unit on the development of preterm infants.

Water Supply, Sanitation, and the Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vijay Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World

Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG 6) has committed all nations of the world to achieving ambitious water supply and sanitation targets by 2030 to meet the universal basic needs of humans and the environment. Many lower-middle-income countries and all low-income countries face an uphill challenge in achieving these ambitious targets. The cause of poor performance is explored, some possible ways to accelerate progress toward achieving SDG 6 are suggested. The analysis will be of interest to a three-part audience: (a) readers with a general interest on how SDG 6 can be achieved; (b) actors with policy interest on improving water supply and safe sanitation (WSS) service issues; and (c) activists skeptical of conventional WSS policy prescriptions who advocate out-of-the-box solutions to improve WSS delivery.

scholarly journals Standardized Sensitivity Analysis in BCA: An Education Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 206-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Pradhan ◽  
Dean T. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Benefit Cost

Benefit-cost analyses of education policies in low- and middle-income countries have historically used the effect of education on future wages to estimate benefits. Strong evidence also points to female education reducing both the under-five mortality rates of their children and adult mortality rates. A more complete analysis would thus add the value of mortality risk reduction to wage increases. This paper estimates how net benefits and benefit-cost ratios respond to the values used to estimate education’s mortality-reducing impact including variation in these estimates. We utilize a ‘standardized sensitivity analysis’ to generate a range of valuations of education’s impact on mortality risks. We include alternative ways of adjusting these values for income and age differences. Our analysis is for one additional year of schooling in lower-middle-income countries, incremental to the current mean. Our analysis shows a range of benefit-cost ratios ranging from 3.2 to 6.7, and net benefits ranging from $2,800 to $7,300 per student. Benefits from mortality risk reductions account for 40% to 70% of the overall benefits depending on the scenario. Thus, accounting for changes in mortality risks in addition to wage increases noticeably enhances the value of already attractive education investments.

scholarly journals Does government expenditure reduce inequalities in infant mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries?: A time-series, ecological analysis of 48 countries from 1993 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baker ◽  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Mauricio Avendano ◽  
Christopher Millett
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractInequalities in infant mortality rates (IMRs) are rising in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and decreasing in others, but the explanation for these divergent trends is unclear. We investigate whether government expenditures and redistribution are associated with reductions in inequalities in IMRs. We estimated country-level fixed-effects panel regressions for 48 LMICs (142 country observations). Slope and Relative Indices of Inequality in IMRs (SII and RII) were calculated from Demographic and Health Surveys between 1993 and 2013. RII and SII were regressed on government expenditure (total, health and non-health) and redistribution, controlling for gross domestic product (GDP), private health expenditures, a democracy indicator, country fixed effects and time. Mean SII and RII was 39.12 and 0.69, respectively. In multivariate models, a 1 percentage point increase in total government expenditure (% of GDP) was associated with a decrease in SII of −2.468 [95% confidence intervals (CIs): −4.190, −0.746] and RII of −0.026 (95% CIs: −0.048, −0.004). Lower inequalities were associated with higher non-health government expenditure, but not higher government health expenditure. Associations with inequalities were non-significant for GDP, government redistribution, and private health expenditure. Understanding how non-health government expenditure reduces inequalities in IMR, and why health expenditures may not, will accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.

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