scholarly journals Neurological Effect of Lead Exposure in Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MS Hassan ◽  
MKK Patwary ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
SF Sonia ◽  
M Kabiruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Significant Difference

Lead poisoning is one of the burning issues in Bangladesh. This study assessed the relation of blood lead level with IQ and peripheral nerve function in environmental lead exposed primary school children in Dhaka.Blood lead level (BLL) was measured in 84 primary school children in an urban industrial area of Dhaka. IQ was measured with Wechsler Intelligence Scales- Revised for children. Electrophysiological evaluation was done in 31 children.Verbal, Performance and Full scale IQ had a negative correlation with blood lead level (p<0.001). Decrement in Verbal, Performance and Full scale IQ associated with 1 microgram per deciliter increase in blood lead level were 0.99, 0.86 and 0.95 respectively (p<0.001). None had clinical features of neuropathy. Statistical analysis also did not show any significant difference in NCS between children with normal and elevated BLL (p value >0.05).It was found that IQ of children decreased in a linear trend with increasing blood lead level. This study did not find any clinical or electrophysiological evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction in the environmental lead exposed children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i1.15899 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Lead Exposure and Intellectual Function: Findings from Primary School Children in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Haque ◽  
M H Faruquee ◽  
Suman Lahiry ◽  
Saira Tasmin ◽  
Rabeya Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
School Children ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Impact

Backgrounds: About 120 million people around the world are overexposed to lead which is neurotoxic and 99 percent of the most severely affected children are in the developing world including Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: The present cross-sectional ecological study was carried out to explore the impact of lead poisoning on the intelligence level among 84 primary school children of a school of Bangladesh, aged between 8 and 14 years from September 2010 through January 2011. The research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire, questionnaire for IQ test and assessment of blood lead level (inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry with collision/reaction cells) of the study subjects after obtaining permission from their parents and the school authority. Results: Data were cross-checked and frequency distribution and association using chi-square test was accomplished. Background information depicted majority (69.1%) of the children aged10-11 years (mean = 10.25 ±1.177 yrs), female (51.2%), parents having primary level of education or below (73.8% in case of father and 77.4% in mother) and from lower socioeconomics (78.6% earned BDT 10,000 or below per month). Among all, majority (56%) were found to be moron, 27.4% in borderline, while 8.3% were imbecile with the same proportion with normal level. By their blood lead level. Majority (70.2%) had blood lead level up to 10 microgram/dl and the rest (29.8%) had more than 10 microgram/dl. Though no statistically significant association was found between IQ level of the children and their blood lead level (p>0.05), the health problems found among the respondents as abdominal pain (53.57%), impatience (14.29%), nausea (10.71%) and all other problems (loss of concentration to study, ear problem, anorexia and loss of weight) amounting for 21.43% are suggestive of chronic lead poisoning. Conclusion:Further studies in large scale with larger samples including comparative studies of inter-industrial areas have been strongly recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12599 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12  

scholarly journals An electrophysiological assessment of subclinical lead toxicity in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sayeed Hassan ◽  
Sheikh Farjana Sonia ◽  
Ferdous Ara ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Ahmad Raihan Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Function

Background: While heavy exposure to inorganic lead is capable of inducing symptomatic neuropathy, subclinical neuropathy due to low level of lead exposure remains to be proved.Objectives: This study was assessed peripheral nerve function in environmental lead exposed primary school children.Methods: Electrophysiological evaluation of peripheral nerve function was done in 17 subclinical lead exposed and 17 non-exposed primary school children in an urban industrial area of Dhaka. Lead exposed children had mean blood lead level (BLL) 20.2 (±5.17) ?gm/ dl. Non-exposed children had BLL 6.2 (±2.82) ?gm/ dl.Results: Electrophysiological evaluation of peripheral nerve function was normal in lead exposed children. Statistical analysis also did not show any significant difference in parameters of nerve function between lead exposed and non-exposed children (p value >0.05).Conclusion: This study did not find any electrophysiological evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction in the environmental lead exposed children compared to nonexposed.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2014, Vol.6(1); 23-26

The Blood Lead Level and Fresh Blood Quick Native Immune Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Guang Li ◽  
Kui Fu ◽  
Qing Hao Kong ◽  
Xian Guo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Significant Difference

Although we have gained much information about lead-induced organ damage, the effect of blood lead level on fresh blood quick native immune reaction on cancer cells is yet to be determined. The aim of study is evaluating the significance of blood level, as an indicator for environmental lead, and fresh blood quick native immune reaction on cancer cells as an effect indicator, to determinate the correlation between the content of blood lead and quick native immune reaction on cancer. The 120 children from area to exposure environmental lead were recruited into the study using cancer cells adding in fresh anti-coagulate blood to incubation at 37°C for 30 minutes and study of blood lead level using graphite stove atom absorption spectrophotometer, with blood lead level of 0.48μmol/L as a cut off value. blood lead level and fresh blood quick native immune reaction on cancer cells expression were measured with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and using cancer cells adding in fresh anti-coagulate blood to incubation at 37°C for 30 minutes respectively. Student t test was used in data analysis, and correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between blood lead level and expression of cancer cells adding in fresh anti-coagulate. Date from all 120 children was used for data analysis. Expression of TRR and TLR were lower in Group 1(lead level ≥0.48μmol/L) than Group 3(lead level 0.24μmol/L)(t=3.48, 2.32,P<0.01). When the blood lead level was ≥0.48μmol/L, the blood lead level showed significant inverse correlation with TRR and TLR(r=-0.703,-0.606 P<0.01). The result revealed the level of fresh blood quick native immune reaction on cancer cells was a significant difference between groups of high and low blood lead levels. There was correlation in the level of blood lead and fresh blood quick native immune reaction on cancer cells. The result suggested that the high blood lead level may be regarded as an adverse effect on children’s immune function especially on TRR.TLR percentage when exposed environmental lead.

The Correlation between Blood Lead Level and T-Lymphocyte Subpopulation with Analysis of Biochemical Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Qing He Meng ◽  
Shi Guang Li ◽  
Qing Hao Kong
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd8 Cell

Although we have gained much information about lead-induced organ damage, the effect of blood lead level on T cell subgroup is yet to be determined. To assess the effect of blood lead level on T-lymphocyte Subpopulation Expression of children, and the association of T-lymphocyte Subpopulation Expression with threshold limit value of blood lead level.The aim of study is evaluating the significance of blood level, as an indicator for environmental lead, and T-lymphocyte Subpopulation Expression as an effect indicator, to determinate the correlation between the content of blood lead and T-lymphocyte Subpopulation Expression. The 120 children from area to exposure environmental lead were recruited into the study using immunofluorescence methods and study of blood lead level using graphite stove atom absorption spectrophotometer respectively, with blood lead level of 0.48μmol/L as a cut off value. The enrolled children according to their blood lead levels were assigned into three groups,26 in Group I with blood lead level ≥0.48 μmol/L , 40 in Group 2 with lead level ≥0.24 μmol/L but <0.48 μmol/L and 54 in Group 3 with lead level <0.24 μmol/L .Student t test was used in data analysis, and correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between blood lead level and expression of T-lymphocyte Subpopulation.Data from all 120 children were used for data analysis. There was no significant difference when blood lead level of 0.24μmol/L as a cut off value. Our analysis of CD3, CD4 cells expression and CD4/CD8 cell ratio decreased in high lead groups of 0.48μmol/L as a cut off value(lead level ≥0.48 μmol/L) than Group (lead level ≥0.24 μmol/L) (t=3.27,P<0.01). When the blood lead level was ≥0.48 μmol/L, The result revealed the level of T-lymphocyte Subpopulation expression was a significant difference between groups of high and low blood lead level.. There was difference correlation in the level of blood lead and T-lymphocyte Subpopulation expression. The result suggested that the high blood lead level may be regarded as an adverse effect on children’s immune function especially on CD3 percentage, CD4/CD8 cell ratio when exposed environmental lead.

scholarly journals Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

Blood lead levels in primary school children in Trinidad and Tobago

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Simon Rajkumar ◽  
Jay Manohar ◽  
Rohit Doon ◽  
Avril Siung-Chang ◽  
Ivan Chang-Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
School Children ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge among Primary School Children in Fayoum Governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Rabab Gad Abd El-Kader ◽  
Hanem Awad Mekhamier ◽  
Azza El-Sayed Ali Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Study Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fayoum Governorate

Background and aim: Improving the eating habits of children is essential to reduce the future burden of non-communicable illnesses. Nutritional diseases affect higher than 30% of school age children. This study aimed to assess the dietary habits and nutritional knowledge among primary school age children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt.Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. Setting: The study was implemented in three governmental mixed primary schools in EL-Fayoum city; Egypt, that were selected randomly. Sample: Cluster random sample techniques used for selecting of the study group consisted of 300 students aged from 10-12 years for both sexes attending grade five and six. Tools: three tools of data collection consisted of: 1- self-administered questionnaire comprised socio-demographic data of the students and parents, and students’ knowledge about nutrition, 2- the students’ dietary habits as consumption of the breakfast, drinking water, 3- Health assessment sheet to assess the students’ nutritional status including weight, height, BMI, and appearance.The study findings revealed that 69.3% of the study group were underweight, 36.3% were stunted, and 6.7%, 3.3% were overweight and obese respectively. About 45% had fair knowledge while 34% had good knowledge about the nutrition. More than half of the students had unhealthy dietary behavior and appearance. There was a statistically significant difference (P: 0<0.00) between the academic performance of the school children and their HAZ while there was no statistically significant difference between the academic performance of the students and their WAZ (P: 0.264).Conclusions: underweight is highly prevalent among the primary school students followed by stunting. Most of the students had unhealthy dietary habits and unhealthy appearance while around half of them had fair knowledge about nutrition. The current study recommended developing a nutritional health program for primary school children about the proper nutrition.

Development of an Auditory Passage Comprehension Task for Swedish Primary School Children of Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Johanna Carlie ◽  
Birgitta Sahlén ◽  
Jens Nirme ◽  
Ketty Andersson ◽  
Mary Rudner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Cultural And Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Language Exposure

Purpose This study reports on the development of an auditory passage comprehension task for Swedish primary school children of cultural and linguistic diversity. It also reports on their performance on the task in quiet and in noise. Method Eighty-eight children aged 7–9 years and showing normal hearing participated. The children were divided into three groups based on presumed language exposure: 13 children were categorized as Swedish-speaking monolinguals, 19 children were categorized as simultaneous bilinguals, and 56 children were categorized as sequential bilinguals. No significant difference in working memory capacity was seen between the three language groups. Two passages and associated multiple-choice questions were developed. During development of the passage comprehension task, steps were taken to reduce the impact of culture-specific prior experience and knowledge on performance. This was achieved by using the story grammar principles, universal topics and plots, and simple language that avoided complex or unusual grammatical structures and words. Results The findings indicate no significant difference between the two passages and similar response distributions. Passage comprehension performance was significantly better in quiet than in noise, regardless of language exposure group. The monolinguals outperformed both simultaneous and sequential bilinguals in both listening conditions. Conclusions Because the task was designed to minimize the effect of cultural knowledge on auditory passage comprehension, this suggests that compared with monolinguals, both simultaneous and sequential bilinguals have a disadvantage in auditory passage comprehension. As expected, the findings demonstrate that noise has a negative effect on auditory passage comprehension. The magnitude of this effect does not relate to language exposure. The developed auditory passage comprehension task seems suitable for assessing auditory passage comprehension in primary school children of linguistic and cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Association between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and hemoglobin concentration in primary school children

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rita Angraini ◽  
Y Dimyati ◽  
Bidasari Lubis ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu ◽  
Chairuddin P Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Mixed Infestation ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Objectives To determine the association between intestinal hel-minthiasis and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and to observe theeffect of single dose albendazole treatment on Hb concentration.Methods An experimental study was carried out from March toJuly 2002 on primary school children at Suka Village, Tiga PanahSubdistrict, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province. From 366children who suffered from helminthiasis, 113 were selected assubjects by simple random sampling. Subjects were treated with asingle oral dose of 400 mg albendazole. Hb concentration wasexamined using the cyanide method twice i.e., prior to and threemonths after treatment with albendazole.Results It was found that among 113 subjects, the prevalences ofAscaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and mixed infestation were18.3%, 40.4%, and 41.3%, respectively, while the prevalence ofanemia was 33.0%. There was no significant difference in age,gender, nutritional status, and mean Hb concentration betweenchildren suffering from the different types of worm infestation(P>0.05). For each type of infestation, there were significant differ-ences in mean Hb concentration and anemia prevalence beforeand after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusions There was no difference between the Hb concen-trations of children suffering from Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuristrichiura, and mixed-type worm infestations. Single dose 400 mgalbendazole was beneficial in increasing Hb concentration andreducing the occurrence of anemia

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