scholarly journals Yield performance based selection of superior mutant lines from mutant wheat genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
M Sarkar ◽  
J Naher ◽  
UK Nath

Wheat is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world. However, yield performance of wheat in Bangladesh is very low and the amount of cultivating land is decreasing drastically. Wheat cultivation in coastal saline regions can be a new dimension to increase the wheat production. Therefore, the first step of our research project was conducted out to evaluate the genotypic variability among the salt tolerant mutant lines of wheat genotypes to select superior lines based on yield performance on non-saline soil to bring them in the next step of screening process in salt affected areas. The performance of yield and yield contributing characters of 154 wheat genotypes were evaluated through Francis and Kannenberg’s method of selection. To evaluate the yield performance of mutant wheat lines, ‘Prodip’, a high yielding variety, developed by Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), was used as check variety. Thirty-seven wheat mutant lines, which perform better than ‘Prodip’ were selected based on yield contributing characters i.e. plant height, flag leaf duration, spike length, spikelet per spike, number of tillers, 100-grain weight and yield per plant. During selection of mutant lines, more emphasize given on the character 100-grain weight and yield per plant. The result of this study can be used for further evaluation of selected genotypes on saline soil before going to farmer level evaluation. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 10-19, 2019

Author(s):  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Srbislav Dencic

In order to estimate hybrid vigor, wheat genotypes differing in spike architecture (normal, tetrastichon and branched) were crossed and the F1 and F2 generations analyzed for the number of fertile spikelets/spike, number of grains/spike and grain weight/spike. The parents used for crossing were Sava (normal spike), Forlani (normal spike), ZG T 171/1 (tetrastichon spike) and ZG 172 (branched spike). The F1 and F2 progenies, except those from the cross Sava x Forlani, had a lower number of fertile spikelets/spike compared with the better parent. In the crosses between genotypes with normal and branched spikes, the F1 and F2 progenies formed significantly fewer grains/spike. On the other hand, the F1 of the crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spike showed a significant level of heterosis with respect to the number of grains/spike, particularly the cross Forlani x ZG T 171/1. In regard to grain weight/spike, significant heterosis was detected in all crosses except Sava x ZG 172. The crosses between genotypes with normal and tetrastichon spikes that exhibited significant heterosis for two main yield components were most promising in the context of hybrid wheat development. Such crosses deserve further attention and investigation.


Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Y. P. S. Solanki ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
. Kiran

The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of bread wheat. These genotypes were grown in RBD using three replications during Rabi 2016-17 at Research Area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. To study the variability, correlation and path analysis, data were recorded for yield and its component traits i.e. days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, grain growth rate at 14, 21, 28 days (mg/g/day), plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/meter, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g), biological yield/plot (g) and harvest index (%). ANOVA showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating adequacy of material and the traits studied for further assessment of genetic variability parameters. High value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield per plot, followed by biological yield, indicating greater amount of variability among the genotypes. Highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% heading, followed by days to anthesis. Highly significant and positive association was perceived between grain yield and tillers per meter, plant height, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, grain growth rate at 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis, spike length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The high direct effects were recorded for biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf breadth, number of effective tillers per meter and 1000 grain weight, in order.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
M. Khalequzzaman ◽  
M. K. Bashar ◽  
N. A. Ivy ◽  
M. M. Haque ◽  
...  

The study was conducted to investigate genetic variability among 113 aromatic and fine local rice genotypes of which five were exotic in origin. The test genotypes were evaluated for 19 growth traits, yield components, and yield. All the quantitative traits varied significantly among the test genotypes. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for flag leaf area, secondary branches per panicle, filled grains per panicle, grain length, grain breadth, grain length breadth ratio, and 1000 grain weight. Such findings suggested preponderance of additive gene action in gene expression for these characters. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, panicle length, filled grains per panicle, and 1000 grain weight. According toD2cluster analysis, 113 test genotypes formed 10 clusters. Selection of parents from the clusters V and X followed by hybridization would possibly result in desirable heterosis for the development of heterotic rice hybrids. Finally, molecular characterizations of the studied germplasm are required for high resolution QTL mapping and validating the presence of candidate genes responsible for valuable characters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Ahmadi ◽  
Mansoor Omidi ◽  
Bahram Alizadeh ◽  
Ali Akbar Shah nejat Bushehri ◽  
◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shafiei ◽  
Prof. Basavaiah*

In mulberry (Morus spp.), the process of selection of promising hybrids from F1 population requires the screening of a large number of progenies and a long period. To develop a simple and faster approach for screening, studies were conducted using F1 seeds of two crosses. The details of screening studies conducted in relation to seed-size and seedling-size are reported separately in two parts. In this part, the F1 seeds were size-graded as small, medium and large seeds; their progenies were raised separately and screened in nursery. There was a considerable degree of variation in size of seeds and medium-size class seeds were in high percentage in both the crosses. The length, width and weight of seeds were also varied between the seed size classes significantly in both the crosses. The seed size classes differ with high significance in shoot length and Root collar diameter and also differ significantly in root length and weight of seedlings. The positive correlation between the seed size and growth of seedlings, seed size and germination, seed size and seedling survival in nursery indicated that size-grading of seeds and rejection of small seeds in the beginning of screening process may help to increase the efficiency of screening by increasing the chances of getting superior hybrids from limited progenies. However, confirmation on the performance of large seedlings from small seed size class may help to draw conclusion. Hence, the studies are continued with size- grading of seedlings in the next part of screening study.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Judit Bányai ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
László Láng ◽  
Marianna Mayer ◽  
Viola Tóth ◽  
...  

A detailed study was made of changes in the plant development, morphology, physiology and yield biology of near-isogenic lines of spring durum wheat sown in the field with different plant densities in two consecutive years (2013–2014). An analysis was made of the drought tolerance of isogenic lines selected for yield QTLs (QYld.idw-2B and QYld.idw-3B), and the presence of QTL effects was examined in spring sowings. Comparisons were made of the traits of the isogenic pairs QYld.idw-3B++ and QYld.idw-3B−− both within and between the pairs. Changes in the polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content of the flag leaf and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the plot were monitored in response to drought stress, and the relationship between these components and the yield was analyzed. In the case of moderate stress, differences between the NIL++ and NIL−− pairs appeared in the early dough stage, indicating that the QYld.idw-3B++ QTL region was able to maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period, resulting in greater grain number and grain weight at the end of the growing period. The chlorophyll content of the flag leaf in phenophases Z77 and Z83 was significantly correlated with the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. The grain yield was greatly influenced by the treatment, while the genotype had a significant effect on the thousand-kernel weight and on the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. When the lines were compared in the non-irrigated treatment, significantly more grains and significantly higher grain weight were observed in the main spike in NIL++ lines, confirming the theory that the higher yields of the QYld.idw-3B++ lines when sown in spring and exposed to drought stress could be attributed to the positive effect of the “Kofa” QTL on chromosome 3B.


2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Р.Х. Беков

Рассмотрены важные аспекты использования геноносителей различных маркерных признаков при создании и селекции гетерозисных гибридов томата для защищенного грунта. Наряду с общими требованиями к родительским компонентам, касающимися продуктивности растений, скороспелости, устойчивости к болезням и т. д., сегодня при селекции на гетерозис для защищенного грунта к исходному материалу предъявляют более высокие требования по наличию хозяйственно полезных признаков. Эти требования касаются типа роста растений, формы, окраски и качества плодов, типа кисти, формы плодоножки и т. д. Представлены характеристики исходного материала для создания гетерозисных гибридов томата, а также даны характеристики полученных гибридов. Исследования, проведенные в отделе селекции ВНИИО (ВНИИ овощеводства – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО), показали большую перспективность использования при гетерозисной селекции томата для защищенного грунта геноносителей различных маркерных признаков, особенно признаков, определяющих коричневую окраску эндосперма семян (гены bs и bs-2) и несочлененную плодоножку (ген j-2). Созданные с использованием этих маркерных признаков гибриды и селекционные линии по-своему уникальны и являются приоритетным достижением этого научного учреждения, так как они представляют большой интерес для гетерозисной селекции томата в качестве исходного материала. Целый ряд гибридов F1 включен в Госреестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию (Удача, Голубчик, Клад овощевода, Заур и др.). В связи с развитием фермерского и любительского овощеводства в последние годы определенное внимание было уделено созданию новых мутантных линий с розовыми, малиновыми и темно-коричневыми плодами с высокими вкусовыми качествами (учитывая, что образцы такого типа пользуются повышенным спросом у населения и стоят дороже). При создании новых гетерозисных гибридов были учтены эти признаки родительских форм. Important aspects of the use of gene carriers of various marker traits in the creation and selection of heterotic tomato hybrids for greenhouse industry are considered. Along with the general requirements for the parent components concerning plant productivity, precocity, resistance to diseases, etc., today, when breeding for heterosis for greenhouse industry, higher requirements are imposed on the source material for the presence of economically useful features. These requirements relate to the type of plant growth, shape, colour and quality of fruits, brush type, stem shape, etc. The characteristics of the initial material for creating heterotic tomato hybrids are presented, as well as the characteristics of the resulting hybrids are given. Studies conducted in the breeding department of the ARRIVG (ARRIVG – a branch of the FSBI FSCV) showed great prospects for the use of gene carriers of various marker traits, especially those that determine the brown colour of the seed endosperm (bs and bs-2 genes) and an undifferentiated peduncle (j-2 gene) in the heterosis breeding of tomatoes for greenhouses. Hybrids and breeding lines created using these marker traits are unique in their own way and are a priority achievement of this scientific institution, since they are of great interest for the heterosis breeding of tomato as a basic material. A number of F1 hybrids are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements allowed for use (Udacha, Golubchik, Klad ovoschevoda, Zaur, etc.). Due to the development of farming and amateur vegetable growing in recent years, some attention has been paid to the creation of new mutant lines with pink, crimson and dark brown fruits with high taste qualities (given that samples of this type are in high demand among the population and are more expensive). When creating new heterotic hybrids, these features of the parent forms were taken into account.


Author(s):  
В. Д. Тромсюк ◽  
◽  
В. Д. Бугайов ◽  

The research was conducted in 2014-2017 in the department of selection of fodder, grain ears, and industrial crops in the fields of scientific crop rotation of the Institute of Fodder and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS of Ukraine. A collection of 114 hexaploid specimens of different ecological and geographical origins was used as research material. Six varieties of winter triticale of different ecological and geographical origin and the manifestation of valuable economic features were used in crosses according to the scheme of full diallel analysis: Polovetske (UA0602494), Amos (UA0602627) originating from Ukraine; Kapryz (UA0601781), Tsekad 90 (UA0602066) - Russia; Dubrava (UA0602222) - Belarus and Pawo (UA0602555) - Poland. Only the best plants, which did not lag in growth and were normally developed, were selected for hybridization. The obtained generation F0 was sown in 2016, and generation F1 – 2017 manually in an experimental field with the same depth, which provides plants with the same area of nutrition. After full maturation, the plants were also collected manually in sheaves, structural analysis was performed on the main indicators of productivity. The frequency and degree of manifestation of positive transgressions in hybrids of the second generation (F2) of winter triticale were evaluated based on productivity: productive bushiness, number and weight of ear grains and grain weight from the plant. The best hybrids by degree and frequency of manifestation of positive transgression are selected. The degree of transgressions in productive bushiness averaged 65.3%, frequency - 43%; number of grains in the main ear - 7.4%, frequency - 15.3%; weight of grain in the ear - 13.8% at a frequency of 27, 7%; weight of grain from the plant - 91.5% with a transgression frequency of 52.7%. The best hybrid combinations of winter triticale on the basis of "productive bushiness" - Polovtsian / Caprice and Dubrava / Polovtsian (Tc = 100%), the maximum frequency of transgressions on this basis - hybrids Polovtsian / Caprice / Pawos and Pawo are selected and offered for use in the selection process. TC = 60); "Number of grains from the ear" - the maximum degree of transgressions was found in the hybrid Pawo / Polovtsian (Tc = 18.1%), the maximum frequency - in the hybrid Caprich / Pawo (Tch = 40); "Ear grain mass" - Pawo / Amos (Tc = 37.0%), the highest frequency of transgressions - in hybrids Amos / Dubrava and Kaprikh / Pawo (Tch = 50); "Grain weight from the plant" - Polovtsian / Amos (Tc = 37.0%), the frequency of transgressions - hybrids Polovtsian / Amos and Polovtsian / Caprice (Tc = 85%).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document